死锁DeadLock

package com.kuang.thread;

import com.sun.org.apache.bcel.internal.generic.NEW;

/**
 * @ClassName DeadLock
 * @Description 死锁
 * @Author 麻虾
 * @Date 2021/5/31 22:16 16
 * @Version 1.0
 */
//化妆的案例
//死锁：多个线程互相抱着对方需要的资源不释放，然后就一直互相等待，形成僵持
public class DeadLock {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Makeup girl1 = new Makeup(0,"灰姑凉");
        Makeup girl2 = new Makeup(1,"白雪公主");
        girl1.start();
        girl2.start();
    }
}

//口红
class Lipstick {}

//镜子
class Mirror {}

class Makeup extends Thread {

    //需要的资源只有一份，用static来保证一份
    static Lipstick lipstick = new Lipstick();
    static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();

    int choice;//选择
    String girlName;//使用化妆品的人

    Makeup(int choice, String girlName) {
        this.choice = choice;
        this.girlName = girlName;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //化妆
        try {
            makeup();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    //化妆:互相持有对方的锁，就是需要拿到对方的资源
    private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
        if (choice == 0) {//第一个人，拿着口红想要镜子
            synchronized (lipstick) {//获得口红的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得口红的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                synchronized (mirror) {//一秒钟后去拿镜子
                    System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得镜子的锁");
                }
            }
        } else {//第二个人，拿着镜子想要口红
            synchronized (mirror) {//获得镜子的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得镜子的锁");
                Thread.sleep(2000);
                synchronized (lipstick) {//两秒钟后去拿口红的锁
                    System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得口红的锁");
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

以上代码中，一个同步块中同时拥有 “两个及以上对象的锁” 产生死锁:

//化妆:互相持有对方的锁，就是需要拿到对方的资源
    private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
        if (choice == 0) {//第一个人，拿着口红想要镜子
            synchronized (lipstick) {//获得口红的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得口红的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                synchronized (mirror) {//一秒钟后去拿镜子
                    System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得镜子的锁");
                }


            }
        } else {//第二个人，拿着镜子想要口红
            synchronized (mirror) {//获得镜子的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得镜子的锁");
                Thread.sleep(2000);
                synchronized (lipstick) {//两秒钟后去拿口红的锁
                    System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得口红的锁");
                }
            }
        }
    }

所以程序一直处于僵持等待状态，灰姑凉拿不到镜子的锁，白雪公主也拿不到口红的锁：

解决：
将同步块中的请求移到外面，使得同步块中只有一个对象的锁，这样即可避免产生死锁：

private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
        if (choice == 0) {//第一个人，拿着口红想要镜子
            synchronized (lipstick) {//获得口红的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得口红的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                }
            synchronized (mirror) {//一秒钟后去拿镜子
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得镜子的锁");

            }
        } else {//第二个人，拿着镜子想要口红
            synchronized (mirror) {//获得镜子的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得镜子的锁");
                Thread.sleep(2000);
                }
            synchronized (lipstick) {//两秒钟后去拿口红的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得口红的锁");
            }
        }
    }

未产生死锁的结果：

灰姑凉获得口红的锁
白雪公主获得镜子的锁
白雪公主获得口红的锁
灰姑凉获得镜子的锁