定时器的概念
从大众的角度，定时器就是一个闹钟，到时间了就会工作，从程序员的角度，定一个时间，到时间了就会调用你写的函数事件
定时器在内核的实现机制
所谓实现机制，我觉得就是代码的追踪，一步一步的追踪，这其中大部分都是结构体的封装。逻辑上的定时器是正常的中断，即发生硬件中断，会去查看有没有软中断要处理，定时器通过软中断来实现，属于TIMER_SOFTIRQ软中断
void __init init_timers(void)
{
init_timer_cpus();
init_timer_stats();
open_softirq(TIMER_SOFTIRQ, run_timer_softirq);
}
在初始化的函数中最主要是 这个函数open_softirq(TIMER_SOFTIRQ, run_timer_softirq)，软中断TIMER_SOFTIRQ，会调用run_timer_softirq，
static __latent_entropy void run_timer_softirq(struct softirq_action *h)
{
struct timer_base *base = this_cpu_ptr(&timer_bases[BASE_STD]);
/*
* must_forward_clk must be cleared before running timers so that any
* timer functions that call mod_timer will not try to forward the
* base. idle trcking / clock forwarding logic is only used with
* BASE_STD timers.
*
* The deferrable base does not do idle tracking at all, so we do
* not forward it. This can result in very large variations in
* granularity for deferrable timers, but they can be deferred for
* long periods due to idle.
*/
base->must_forward_clk = false;
__run_timers(base);
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NO_HZ_COMMON))
__run_timers(this_cpu_ptr(&timer_bases[BASE_DEF]));
}
在软中断TIMER_SOFTIRQ处理的过程中,会把你定义的定时器从链表中取出来，如果这些定时器到达时间之后，然后执行对应的处理函数
定时器时间单位
编译内核时，可以在内核源码根目录下用“ls -a”看到一个隐藏文件，它就是内核配置文件。打开后可以看到如下这项：
CONFIG_HZ=100
这表示内核每秒中会发生100次系统滴答中断(tick)，这就像人类的心跳一样，这是Linux系统的心跳。每发生一次tick中断，全局变量jiffies就会累加1。
CONFIG_HZ=100表示每个滴答是10ms。
定时器的时间就是基于jiffies的，我们修改超时时间时，一般使用这2种方法：
① 在add_timer之前，直接修改：
timer.expires = jiffies + xxx; // xxx表示多少个滴答后超时，也就是xxx10ms
timer.expires = jiffies + 2HZ; // HZ等于CONFIG_HZ，2HZ就相当于2秒
② 在add_timer之后，使用mod_timer修改：
mod_timer(&timer, jiffies + xxx); // xxx表示多少个滴答后超时，也就是xxx10ms
mod_timer(&timer, jiffies + 2HZ); // HZ等于CONFIG_HZ，2HZ就相当于2秒
定时器相关函数
① setup_timer(timer, fn, data)：
设置定时器，主要是初始化timer_list结构体，设置其中的函数、参数。
② void add_timer(struct timer_list *timer)：
向内核添加定时器。timer->expires表示超时时间。
当超时时间到达，内核就会调用这个函数：timer->function(timer->data)。
③ int mod_timer(struct timer_list *timer, unsigned long expires):
修改定时器的超时时间，它等同于：del_timer(timer); timer->expires = expires; add_timer(timer);
但是更加高效。
④ int del_timer(struct timer_list *timer)：
删除定时器。
相关代码讲解
比如我们可以在设备总线的probe函数里设置一个定时器和添加一个定时器
当时间到达后，就会调用自定义函数，比如可以在函数里唤醒某个中断队列，并发送产生信号的发送
修改定时器的方法有多种
- 可以直接对这个定时器的结构体函数进行修改gpio_keys_100ask[i].key_timer.expires = ~0;
- 调用int mod_timer(struct timer_list *timer, unsigned long expires):如下图HZ等于CONFIG_HZ，HZ/5就相当于20ms
驱动端完整代码演示
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/major.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/stat.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/kmod.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <linux/gpio/consumer.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
#include <linux/of_gpio.h>
#include <linux/of_irq.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/fcntl.h>
#include <linux/timer.h>
struct gpio_key{
int gpio;
struct gpio_desc *gpiod;
int flag;
int irq;
struct timer_list key_timer;
} ;
static struct gpio_key *gpio_keys_100ask;
/* 主设备号 */
static int major = 0;
static struct class *gpio_key_class;
/* 环形缓冲区 */
#define BUF_LEN 128
static int g_keys[BUF_LEN];
static int r, w;
struct fasync_struct *button_fasync;
#define NEXT_POS(x) ((x+1) % BUF_LEN)
static int is_key_buf_empty(void)
{
return (r == w);
}
static int is_key_buf_full(void)
{
return (r == NEXT_POS(w));
}
static void put_key(int key)
{
if (!is_key_buf_full())
{
g_keys[w] = key;
w = NEXT_POS(w);
}
}
static int get_key(void)
{
int key = 0;
if (!is_key_buf_empty())
{
key = g_keys[r];
r = NEXT_POS(r);
}
return key;
}
static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(gpio_key_wait);
static void key_timer_expire(unsigned long data)
{
/* data ==> gpio */
struct gpio_key *gpio_key = data;
int val;
int key;
val = gpiod_get_value(gpio_key->gpiod);
printk("key_timer_expire key %d %d\n", gpio_key->gpio, val);
key = (gpio_key->gpio << 8) | val;
put_key(key);
wake_up_interruptible(&gpio_key_wait);
kill_fasync(&button_fasync, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
}
/* 实现对应的open/read/write等函数，填入file_operations结构体 */
static ssize_t gpio_key_drv_read (struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset)
{
//printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
int err;
int key;
if (is_key_buf_empty() && (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK))
return -EAGAIN;
wait_event_interruptible(gpio_key_wait, !is_key_buf_empty());
key = get_key();
err = copy_to_user(buf, &key, 4);
return 4;
}
static unsigned int gpio_key_drv_poll(struct file *fp, poll_table * wait)
{
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
poll_wait(fp, &gpio_key_wait, wait);
return is_key_buf_empty() ? 0 : POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
}
static int gpio_key_drv_fasync(int fd, struct file *file, int on)
{
if (fasync_helper(fd, file, on, &button_fasync) >= 0)
return 0;
else
return -EIO;
}
/* 定义自己的file_operations结构体 */
static struct file_operations gpio_key_drv = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.read = gpio_key_drv_read,
.poll = gpio_key_drv_poll,
.fasync = gpio_key_drv_fasync,
};
static irqreturn_t gpio_key_isr(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
struct gpio_key *gpio_key = dev_id;
printk("gpio_key_isr key %d irq happened\n", gpio_key->gpio);
mod_timer(&gpio_key->key_timer, jiffies + HZ/5);
return IRQ_HANDLED;
}
/* 1. 从platform_device获得GPIO
* 2. gpio=>irq
* 3. request_irq
*/
static int gpio_key_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
int err;
struct device_node *node = pdev->dev.of_node;
int count;
int i;
enum of_gpio_flags flag;
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
count = of_gpio_count(node);
if (!count)
{
printk("%s %s line %d, there isn't any gpio available\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
return -1;
}
gpio_keys_100ask = kzalloc(sizeof(struct gpio_key) * count, GFP_KERNEL);
for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
gpio_keys_100ask[i].gpio = of_get_gpio_flags(node, i, &flag);
if (gpio_keys_100ask[i].gpio < 0)
{
printk("%s %s line %d, of_get_gpio_flags fail\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
return -1;
}
gpio_keys_100ask[i].gpiod = gpio_to_desc(gpio_keys_100ask[i].gpio);
gpio_keys_100ask[i].flag = flag & OF_GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW;
gpio_keys_100ask[i].irq = gpio_to_irq(gpio_keys_100ask[i].gpio);
setup_timer(&gpio_keys_100ask[i].key_timer, key_timer_expire, &gpio_keys_100ask[i]);
gpio_keys_100ask[i].key_timer.expires = ~0;
add_timer(&gpio_keys_100ask[i].key_timer);
}
for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
err = request_irq(gpio_keys_100ask[i].irq, gpio_key_isr, IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING | IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING, "100ask_gpio_key", &gpio_keys_100ask[i]);
}
/* 注册file_operations */
major = register_chrdev(0, "100ask_gpio_key", &gpio_key_drv); /* /dev/gpio_key */
gpio_key_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "100ask_gpio_key_class");
if (IS_ERR(gpio_key_class)) {
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
unregister_chrdev(major, "100ask_gpio_key");
return PTR_ERR(gpio_key_class);
}
device_create(gpio_key_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "100ask_gpio_key"); /* /dev/100ask_gpio_key */
return 0;
}
static int gpio_key_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
//int err;
struct device_node *node = pdev->dev.of_node;
int count;
int i;
device_destroy(gpio_key_class, MKDEV(major, 0));
class_destroy(gpio_key_class);
unregister_chrdev(major, "100ask_gpio_key");
count = of_gpio_count(node);
for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
free_irq(gpio_keys_100ask[i].irq, &gpio_keys_100ask[i]);
del_timer(&gpio_keys_100ask[i].key_timer);
}
kfree(gpio_keys_100ask);
return 0;
}
static const struct of_device_id ask100_keys[] = {
{ .compatible = "100ask,gpio_key" },
{ },
};
/* 1. 定义platform_driver */
static struct platform_driver gpio_keys_driver = {
.probe = gpio_key_probe,
.remove = gpio_key_remove,
.driver = {
.name = "100ask_gpio_key",
.of_match_table = ask100_keys,
},
};
/* 2. 在入口函数注册platform_driver */
static int __init gpio_key_init(void)
{
int err;
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
err = platform_driver_register(&gpio_keys_driver);
return err;
}
/* 3. 有入口函数就应该有出口函数：卸载驱动程序时，就会去调用这个出口函数
* 卸载platform_driver
*/
static void __exit gpio_key_exit(void)
{
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
platform_driver_unregister(&gpio_keys_driver);
}
/* 7. 其他完善：提供设备信息，自动创建设备节点 */
module_init(gpio_key_init);
module_exit(gpio_key_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
应用端完整代码演示
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <signal.h>
static int fd;
/*
* ./button_test /dev/100ask_button0
*
*/
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int val;
struct pollfd fds[1];
int timeout_ms = 5000;
int ret;
int flags;
int i;
/* 1. 判断参数 */
if (argc != 2)
{
printf("Usage: %s <dev>\n", argv[0]);
return -1;
}
/* 2. 打开文件 */
fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK);
if (fd == -1)
{
printf("can not open file %s\n", argv[1]);
return -1;
}
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
if (read(fd, &val, 4) == 4)
printf("get button: 0x%x\n", val);
else
printf("get button: -1\n");
}
flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags & ~O_NONBLOCK);
while (1)
{
if (read(fd, &val, 4) == 4)
printf("get button: 0x%x\n", val);
else
printf("while get button: -1\n");
}
close(fd);
return 0;
}
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