java-GUI编程

1.简介

Gui的核心技术：Swing AWT

1. 界面不太美观

2. 需要jre环境

为什么学？

1. 可以写出自己想要的一些小工具

2. 工作需要swing界面维护，使用概率很小
3. 了解MVC架构，了解监听

2.AWT

### 2.1 Awt 介绍

1. 包含了很多类和接口

2. 元素：窗口、按钮、文本框

3. java.awt包

   

2.2组件和容器

#### 	1. Frame

import java.awt.*;

//GUI的第一个界面
public class TestFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //Frame
        Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个Java图像界面窗口");

        //需要设置可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //设置窗口大小
        frame.setSize(400,400);

        //设置背景颜色
        frame.setBackground(Color.GREEN);

        //弹出的初始位置
        frame.setLocation(200,200);

        //设置大小固定
        frame.setResizable(false);//默认true，可以改变
    }
}

运行效果图

#### 	上面的代码的封装：

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFrame2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //展示多个窗口
        MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(100,500,200,200,Color.blue);
        MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(300,500,200,200,Color.yellow);
        MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(100,700,200,200,Color.red);
        MyFrame myFrame4 = new MyFrame(300,700,200,200,Color.MAGENTA);
    }
}

class MyFrame extends Frame{
    static int id = 0;//可能存在多个窗口，计数器

    public MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){
        super("MyFrame+"+(++id));
        setBackground(color);
        setBounds(x,y,w,h);
        setVisible(true);
    }
}

#### 	2.Panel(面板)

​ 解决了关闭事件

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

//Panel 可以看成是一个空间，但是不能单独存在
public class TestPanel {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        //布局的概念
        Panel panel = new Panel();

        //设置布局
        frame.setLayout(null);

        //坐标
        frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
        frame.setBackground(new Color(40,161,35));

        //panel设置坐标，相对于frame
        panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
        panel.setBackground(new Color(193,15,60));

        //frame.add(panel)
        frame.add(panel);

        frame.setVisible(true);

        //监听事件，监听窗口关闭时间，System.exit(0）
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            //窗口点击关闭的时候需要做的事情
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                //结束程序
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

#### 	3.布局管理器

• 流式布局

  import java.awt.*;
  
  public class TestFlowLayout {
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          Frame frame = new Frame();
  
          //组建 按钮
          Button button1 = new Button("button1");
          Button button2 = new Button("button2");
          Button button3 = new Button("button3");
  
          //设置为流式布局
          frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));//靠左
          //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));//靠右
  
          frame.setSize(200,200);
  
          //把按钮添加上去
          frame.add(button1);
          frame.add(button2);
          frame.add(button3);
  
          frame.setVisible(true);
      }
  }
  

  

• 东西南北中

import java.awt.*;

public class TestBorderLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("TestBorderLayout");

        Button east = new Button("East");
        Button west = new Button("West");
        Button south = new Button("south");
        Button north = new Button("north");
        Button center = new Button("center");

        frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.setSize(200,200);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

• 表格布局(Grid)

import java.awt.*;

public class TestGridLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("TestGridLayout");

        Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
        Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
        Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
        Button btn4= new Button("btn4");
        Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
        Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");

        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));

        frame.add(btn1);
        frame.add(btn2);
        frame.add(btn3);
        frame.add(btn4);
        frame.add(btn5);
        frame.add(btn6);

        frame.pack();//Java函数  自动排列
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

总结：

1. Frame是一个顶级窗口

2. Panel无法单独显示，必须添加到某个容器中
3. 布局管理器
       	1. 流式
   	2. 东西南北中
   	3. 表格

4. 大小，定位，背景颜色，监听

2.3. 事件监听**

​ 事件监听：当某个事情发生的时候，干什么？

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestActionEvent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //按下按钮，触发一些事件
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button = new Button();

        //因为，addActionListener()需要ActionListener，所以我们需要构造一个ActionListener
        MyActionLister myActionLister = new MyActionLister();
        button.addActionListener(myActionLister);

        frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.pack();
        windowClose(frame);//关闭窗口
        frame.setVisible(true);


    }

    //关闭窗体的事件
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
class MyActionLister implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("aaaaa");
    }
}

文本框监听事件

​ 当文本框输入内容后 按 Enter键后控制台输出文本框的内容

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestText01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //启动
        MyFrame myFrame = new MyFrame();
        windowClose(myFrame);

    }
    //关闭窗口的事件
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    Frame frame = new Frame();
    public MyFrame(){
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        add(textField);

        //监听这个文本框输入的文字
        MyActionListner myActionListner = new MyActionListner();
        //按下Enter触发事件
        textField.addActionListener(myActionListner);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);

    }

}
class MyActionListner implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        TextField field = (TextField) e.getSource();//获得一些资源  返回一个对象
        System.out.println(field.getText());//获得文本框中的文本
    }
}

2.4 画笔(paint)

import java.awt.*;

public class TestPaint {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyPaint().loadFrame();
    }
}
class MyPaint extends Frame{

    public void loadFrame(){
        setBounds(200,200,600,500);
        setVisible(true);
    }
    //画笔
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g){
        //画笔需要有颜色，可以画画
        //g.setColor(Color.red);
        g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);
        g.fillOval(100,100,100,100);//实心圆

        //g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
        g.fillRect(150,200,200,200);

        //养成习惯，画笔用完，将他还原为最初的颜色
    }
}

2.5 鼠标监听

​ 目的：实现鼠标画画

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.ListIterator;

//鼠标监听事件
public class TestMouseListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame1("drawing");
    }
}
//自己的类
class MyFrame1 extends Frame{
    //画画需要画笔，需要监听鼠标当前的位置，需要集合来存储这个点
    ArrayList points;
    public MyFrame1(String title){
        super(title);
        setBounds(200,200,400,300);

        //存鼠标点击的点
        points = new ArrayList<>();
        //鼠标监听器，针对这个窗口
        this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());

        setVisible(true);
    }
    public void paint(Graphics g){
        //画画，监听鼠标的事件
        Iterator Iterator = points.listIterator();
        while(Iterator.hasNext()){
            Point point = (Point) Iterator.next();
            g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
            g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
        }
    }

    //添加一个点到界面上
    public void addPaint(Point point){
        points.add(point);
    }

    //适配器模式
    private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{
        //鼠标  按下，弹起，按住不放

        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e){
            MyFrame1 myFrame1 = (MyFrame1) e.getSource();
            //点击的时候，产生一个点
            myFrame1.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));

            //每次点击鼠标都要重新画一遍
            myFrame1.repaint();//刷新
        }
    }
}

2.6 窗口监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestWindow {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new WindowFrame();
    }
}

class WindowFrame extends Frame {
    public WindowFrame() {
        setBackground(Color.blue);
        setBounds(100, 100, 200, 200);
        setVisible(true);
        //addWindowFocusListener(new MyWindowListenter());
        this.addWindowListener(
                //匿名内部类
                new WindowAdapter() {
                    //关闭窗口
                    @Override
                    public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                        System.out.println("windowClosing");
                        System.exit(0);
                    }
                    //激活窗口
                    @Override
                    public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
                        System.out.println("windowActivated");
                    }
                }
        );
        class MyWindowListenter extends WindowAdapter {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                setVisible(false);//隐藏窗口，通过按钮隐藏窗口
                System.exit(0);//正常退出
            }
        }
    }
}

2.7 键盘监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

public class TestKeyListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new KeyFrame();
    }
}
class KeyFrame extends Frame{
    public KeyFrame(){
        setBounds(1,2,300,400);
        setVisible(true);

        this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            //键盘按下
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                //获得键盘按下的键是那个键
                int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();//获得当前键盘的码
                if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP){
                    System.out.println("你按下了上键");
                }
            }
        });
    }
}

3. Swing

### 3.1 窗口，面板

#### 	JFrame

mport javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JFrameDemo {
    //init()；初始化
    public void init() {
        JFrame jframe = new JFrame("这是一个JFrame窗口");
        jframe.setVisible(true);
        jframe.setBounds(100, 100, 200, 200);
        jframe.setBackground(Color.cyan);
        //设置文字 JLable
        JLabel label = new JLabel("你好你好你好你好");

        jframe.add(label);

        //关闭事件
        jframe.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //建立一个窗口
        new JFrameDemo().init();
    }
}

#### 	![image-20200801161621544](C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20200801161621544.png)

#### 	标签居中

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JFrameDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyJfram2().init();
    }
}
class MyJfram2 extends JFrame{
    public void init(){
        this.setBounds(10,10,200,300);
        this.setVisible(true);
        JLabel label = new JLabel("你好你好你好你好");
        this.add(label);

        //让文本标签居中，设置水平对齐
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);

        //获得一个容器
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setBackground(Color.YELLOW);
    }
}

3.2 弹窗(Dialog)

​ 用来被弹出，默认有关闭事件

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

//主窗口
public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {

    public DialogDemo(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(700,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        //JFrame 放东西，容器
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //绝对布局
        container.setLayout(null);

        //按钮
        JButton button = new JButton("点击创建一个窗口");//创建
        button.setBounds(30,30,200,500);

        //点击这个按钮的时候，弹出一个窗口
        button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                //弹窗
                new MyDialogDemo();
            }
        });
        container.add(button);
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new DialogDemo();
    }
}
//弹窗的窗口
class MyDialogDemo extends JDialog{
    public MyDialogDemo() {
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
        //this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(null);

        container.add(new Label("你好你好你好"));
    }
}

3.3 标签

​ Lable

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;


public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon {

    private int width;
    private int height;

    public IconDemo(){//无参构造

    }
    public IconDemo(int width,int height){
        this.width = width;
        this.height = height;
    }

    public void init(){
        IconDemo iconDemo = new IconDemo(15, 15);
        //图标放在标签上，也可以放在按钮上
        JLabel label = new JLabel("icontest",iconDemo,SwingConstants.CENTER);

        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.add(label);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new IconDemo().init();
    }
    @Override
    public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
        g.fillOval(x,y,width,height);
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconWidth() {
        return this.width;
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconHeight() {
        return this.height;
    }
}

3.4 面板

JPanel

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame {

    public JPanelDemo() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 1, 10, 10));//后面参数是间距

        JPanel panel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 3));

        panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel1.add(new JButton("1"));

        container.add(panel1);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500, 500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JPanelDemo();
    }
}

JScorll(滚动条)

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
    public JScrollDemo() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //文本域
        JTextArea jTextArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);
        jTextArea.setText("欢迎学习java.......");

        //Scroll面板
        JScrollPane jScrollPane = new JScrollPane();
        container.add(jScrollPane);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100, 100, 300, 150);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollDemo();
    }
}

3.5 按钮

- 普通按钮

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JButtonDemo01 extends JFrame {

    public JButtonDemo01() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        JButton button = new JButton();
        button.setToolTipText("按钮");

        //add
        container.add(button);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500, 300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo01();
    }
}

- 单选按钮

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JButtonDemo01 extends JFrame {

    public JButtonDemo01() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //单选框
        JRadioButton jRadioBUtton1 = new JRadioButton("JRadioBUtton1");
        JRadioButton jRadioBUtton2 = new JRadioButton("JRadioBUtton2");
        JRadioButton jRadioBUtton3 = new JRadioButton("JRadioBUtton3");

        //由于单选框只能选择一个，分组
        //一个group中只能选择一个
        ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();
        group.add(jRadioBUtton1);
        group.add(jRadioBUtton2);
        group.add(jRadioBUtton3);

        container.add(jRadioBUtton1, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        container.add(jRadioBUtton2, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(jRadioBUtton3, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500, 300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo01();

    }
}

- 复选框

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JButtonDemo01 extends JFrame {

    public JButtonDemo01() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //多选框
        JCheckBox checkBox01 = new JCheckBox("checkBox01");
        JCheckBox checkBox02 = new JCheckBox("checkBox02");

        container.add(checkBox01, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(checkBox02, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500, 300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo01();

    }
}

3.6 列表

• 下拉框

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestComboboxDemo01 extends JFrame {


    public TestComboboxDemo01() {

        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        JComboBox status = new JComboBox();

        status.addItem(null);
        status.addItem("正在上映");
        status.addItem("已下架");
        status.addItem("即将上映");

        container.add(status);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500, 350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestComboboxDemo01();
    }
}

- 列表框

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestComboboxDemo02 extends JFrame {


    public TestComboboxDemo02() {

        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //生成列表的内容
        String[] contents = {"1", "2", "3"};
        //列表中需要放入内容
        JList jList = new JList(contents);
        container.add(jList);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500, 350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestComboboxDemo02();
    }
}

• 应用场景

  1.选择地区，或者一些单个选项。

  列表就是用来展示信息，一般是动态扩容的。

3.7 文本框

• 文本框

import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.border.Border;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestTextDemo01 extends JFrame {

    public TestTextDemo01(){

        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        JTextField textField1 = new JTextField("hello");
        JTextField textField2 = new JTextField("world",20);

        container.add(textField1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(textField2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new TestTextDemo01();

    }
}

• 密码框

import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.border.Border;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestTextDemo01 extends JFrame {

    public TestTextDemo01(){

        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        JPasswordField jPasswordField = new JPasswordField();
        jPasswordField.setEchoChar('*');

        container.add(jPasswordField);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new TestTextDemo01();

    }
}

• 文本域

import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.border.Border;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestTextDemo01 extends JFrame {

    public TestTextDemo01(){

        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20,50);
        textArea.setText("你好你好你好你好");

        container.add(textArea);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new TestTextDemo01();

    }
}

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