多线程

一、线程对象的创建

账户里面一共有1000块钱,男人和女人同时取没人一次取走五块,取20次。

实现Runnable接口

package com.ouc.a302.synchronizeddemo;

public class Account implements Runnable{
    private static int money=1000;
    private int amount;

    public Account(int amount) {
        this.amount = amount;
    }

    public static int getMoney() {
        return money;
    }

    public static void setMoney(int money) {
        Account.money = money;
    }

    public int getAmount() {
        return amount;
    }

    public void setAmount(int amount) {
        this.amount = amount;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            withDraw(amount);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public  void withDraw(int amount) throws InterruptedException {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            money=money-amount;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--->"+"The account balance is" +"$"+money);
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        }
        System.out.println("amount = " + amount);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Account account=new Account(5);
        Thread thread1=new Thread(account,"male");
        Thread thread2=new Thread(account,"female");
        thread1.start();
        thread2.start();
    }
}

Thread.currentThread().getName() 这一句可查看线程的名称

二、同步锁

1、同步方法

如果直接采用上面这种方法,运行的时候会存在线程安全问题,男人取完5块钱之后,余额本来应该剩下995元,女人再取5元之后,余额应该剩余990元,但是经过实验发现,有时候,男人取完,女人再取,并不会减去男人取走的钱,这就是线程安全问题。
在这里插入图片描述
解决方式,就是再取钱的方法上加同步字段—让方法变成同步方法。

package com.ouc.a302.synchronizeddemo;

public class Account extends Thread{
    private static int money=1000;
    private int amount;

    public Account(int amount) {
        this.amount = amount;
    }

    public static int getMoney() {
        return money;
    }

    public static void setMoney(int money) {
        Account.money = money;
    }

    public int getAmount() {
        return amount;
    }

    public void setAmount(int amount) {
        this.amount = amount;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            withDraw(amount);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public synchronized void withDraw(int amount) throws InterruptedException {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            money=money-amount;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--->"+"The account balance is" +"$"+money);
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        }
        System.out.println("amount = " + amount);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Account account=new Account(5);
        Thread thread1=new Thread(account,"male");
        Thread thread2=new Thread(account,"female");
        thread1.start();
        thread2.start();
    }
}

同步方法:

public synchronized void withDraw(int amount) throws InterruptedException {
    for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
        money=money-amount;
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--->"+"The account balance is" +"$"+money);
        Thread.sleep(1000);
    }
    System.out.println("amount = " + amount);
}

在这里插入图片描述
男人取钱的线程执行的时候,女人的线程不能执行,sychronized字段就是把同步方法所在的对象给锁死,第一个线程操作该对象的时候,把门锁死,其他线程只能等第一个线程执行完了之后才能操作对象。
即,同步方法锁掉的对象是this。

2、同步代码块

package com.ouc.a302.synchronizeddemo;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class Account {
    int money=1000;
    public Account() {
    }
    public int getMoney() {
        return money;
    }
    public void setMoney(int money) {
        this.money = money;
    }
}
class Amount implements Runnable{
    int moneyInHand=0;
    Account account;
    private final ReentrantLock reentrantLock=new ReentrantLock();
    public Amount(Account account) {
        this.account = account;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        synchronized (account){
            while(true){
                if (account.money<=0){
                    break;
                }
                test();
            }
        }
    }
    private void test(){
        if (account.money<=0){
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"余额不足");
        }else {
            moneyInHand=moneyInHand+5;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"手上有"+moneyInHand);
            account.money=account.money-5;
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Account account=new Account();
        Amount amountman=new Amount(account);
        Amount amountwoman=new Amount(account);
        Thread t1=new Thread(amountman,"man");
        Thread t2=new Thread(amountwoman,"woman");
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
    }
}

当需要锁住的对象不是同步方法所在的对象时,则可以通过上面的方法采用同步代码块,来锁住相应的对象。

同步方法相当于里面有synchronized(this) 这个同步代码块只不过隐藏了。

3、lock锁

package com.ouc.a302.synchronizeddemo;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class Account {
    int money = 1000;
    public final ReentrantLock reentrantLock = new ReentrantLock();
    public Account() {
    }

    public int getMoney() {
        return money;
    }


    public void setMoney(int money) {
        this.money = money;
    }
}


class Amount implements Runnable {
    int moneyInHand = 0;
    Account account;


    public Amount(Account account) {
        this.account = account;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        account.reentrantLock.lock();
        while (true) {
            if (account.money <= 0) {
                break;
            }
            test();
        }
       account.reentrantLock.unlock();
    }

    private void test() {
        if (account.money <= 0) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "余额不足");
        } else {
            moneyInHand = moneyInHand + 5;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "手上有" + moneyInHand);
            account.money = account.money - 5;
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Account account = new Account();
        Amount amountman = new Amount(account);
        Amount amountwoman = new Amount(account);
        Thread t1 = new Thread(amountman, "man");
        Thread t2 = new Thread(amountwoman, "woman");
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
    }
}

需要锁哪个对象,就把ReentrantLock类定义在哪个类里面。

三、线程通信

1、管程法

package com.ouc.a302.synchronizeddemo;

public class PCTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
        new Product(buffer).start();
        new Consumer(buffer).start();
    }
}

//生产者
class Product extends Thread {
    Buffer buffer;

    public Product(Buffer buffer) {
        this.buffer = buffer;
    }

    //生产
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            buffer.push(new Anything(i));
            System.out.println("生产了" + i + "个产品");
        }
    }
}

//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread {
    Buffer buffer;

    public Consumer(Buffer buffer) {
        this.buffer = buffer;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            System.out.println("消费了第" + buffer.get() + "个产品");
        }
    }
}

//缓冲区
class Buffer {
    Anything[] anythings = new Anything[10];
    int count = 0;

    //生产者放入产品
    public synchronized void push(Anything anything) {
        //容器满了
        if (count == anythings.length) {
            try {
                //通知消费者消费
                wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        anythings[count] = anything;
        count++;
        //通知消费者消费
        notifyAll();
    }

    public synchronized int get() {
        //容器空了
        if (count == 0) {
            try {
                //通知生产者生产
                wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        count--;
        Anything anything = anythings[count];
        //通知生产者生产
        notifyAll();
        return anything.id;
    }
}

class Anything {
    int id;

    public Anything(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
}

把生产者生产的产品放入缓存区,通知消费者从缓存区把产品拿出来,然后再通知生产者生产。

2、信号灯法

package com.ouc.a302.synchronizeddemo;

public class PCTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TV tv = new TV();
        new Player(tv).start();
        new Watcher(tv).start();
    }
}

//演员
class Player extends Thread {
    TV tv;

    public Player(TV tv) {
        this.tv = tv;
    }


    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            if (i % 2 == 0) {
                this.tv.play("新闻联播播放中");
            } else {
                this.tv.play("天气预报播放中");
            }
        }
    }
}

//观众
class Watcher extends Thread {
    TV tv;

    public Watcher(TV tv) {
        this.tv = tv;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            tv.watch();
        }
    }
}

//产品
class TV {
    //演员表演,观众等待

    //观众观看,演员等待

    String voice;//表演的节目
    boolean flag = true;

    //表演
    public synchronized void play(String voice) {
        if (!flag) {
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("演员表演了" + voice);
        //通知观众观看
        this.notifyAll();//唤醒
        this.voice = voice;
        this.flag = !this.flag;
    }

    //观看
    public synchronized void watch() {
        if (flag) {
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("观看了" + voice);
        //通知演员表演
        this.notifyAll();
        this.flag = !this.flag;
    }
}

四、线程池

package com.ouc.a302.synchronizeddemo;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class ThreadPoolDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1.创建线程池
        //newFixedThreadPool 参数为线程池大小
        ExecutorService executorService= Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
        executorService.execute(new MyThread());
        executorService.execute(new MyThread());
        executorService.execute(new MyThread());
        executorService.execute(new MyThread());
        //2.关闭连接
        executorService.shutdown();
    }
}

class MyThread implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+i);
        }
    }
}
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