常见的语音相关的基本特征

1. 语音的三要素：

• 音高 Pitch （音调）
  •  由声源振动频率（Frequency）决定。单位：赫兹Hz
• 音色 Timbre
  •  声音的特性，由声源、声道确定。
• 音强 Loudness （响度）
  • 人主观的音量大小。由声音振幅（Amplitude）及人离声源的距离决定。单位：分贝dB 

2. 和语音韵律（speech prosody）相关的三个重要特征：

• 音高 pitch
• 时长 duration
• 能量 energy

3. 和基频（F0）相关的特征：

• 基频 F0
  • ​​​​​​​F0 is strictly on the acoustic, measurable, production side.
    
• 音高 Pitch
  • Pitch refers to the impression created in the hearer on the auditory side.
  • Pitch represents the perceived fundamental frequency of a sound.
  • ​​​​​​​Pitch is one of the three important features related to speech prosody (语音韵律). 
  • All languages use pitch to express emotional and other paralinguistic information (超语言学信息), and to convey emphasis, contrast, and other such features in what is called intonation (语调).
    
• 音高范围 Pitch Range

   

  • ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​Different speakers have different ranges of fundamental frequency.
    
• 音高曲线 Pitch Contour
  • ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​The pitch contour of a sound is a function or curve that tracks the perceived pitch of the sound over time.

             

• 声调 Tone
  • ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​Tone is the use of pitch in language to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning.

        

• 语调 Intonation
  • ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​Intonation is variation of pitch, which carries the information of prosody.