数据结构之栈，括号匹配，C语言实现

数据结构之括弧匹配

算法思想：从缓冲区读入一个字符，判断该字符是左括号还是右括号中的一个抑或是其余字符。若为左括号则压栈，若为右括号则与栈顶元素匹配，匹配成功则栈顶元素出栈，读入下一个字符，知道最后一个字符"\n"。最后进行判断：栈是否为空、读入字符是否为该字符串最后一个字符，若是，则匹配成功，若不是，则匹配失败。

代码如下：

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define STACK_INIT_SIZE 100
#define STACKINCREMENT 10

#define TRUE 1               /*状态码预定义*/
#define FALSE 0
#define OK 1
#define ERROR 0
#define INFEASIBLE -1
#define OVERFLOW -2

typedef  char SElemtype;   /*数据类型*/
typedef int Status;     

typedef struct{
    SElemtype *base;    /*栈底*/
    SElemtype *top;    /*栈顶*/
    int stacksize;    /*栈长度*/
}SqStack;

Status InitStack(SqStack *S)     /*栈的初始化操作*/
{
    S->base = (SElemtype *)malloc(STACK_INIT_SIZE*sizeof(SElemtype));   
    if(!S->base) exit(OVERFLOW);   /*分配内存失败则返回错误*/
    S->top = S->base;
    S->stacksize = STACK_INIT_SIZE;
    return 1;
}

SElemtype GetTop(SqStack S)   /*获取栈顶元素*/
{
    SElemtype e;
    if(S.top==S.base)   return ERROR;
    e = *(S.top-1);
    return e;
}

Status Push(SqStack *S,SElemtype e)   /*压栈操作*/
{
    if(S->top - S->base>=S->stacksize)
    {
        S->base = (SElemtype *)realloc(S->base,(S->stacksize+STACK_INIT_SIZE)*sizeof(SElemtype));
        S->top = S->base + S->stacksize;
        S->stacksize += STACK_INIT_SIZE;
    }
    *(S->top++) = e;
    return OK;
}

Status Pop(SqStack *S,SElemtype *e)   /*出栈操作*/
{
    if(S->top == S->base) return ERROR;
    e = (--S->top);
    return OK;
}

Status MatchBracket(SqStack S)   /*括号匹配*/
{
    SElemtype ch,e;
    printf("Please enter the bracket string to match:");
    do
    {
        ch = getchar();
        if(ch=='('||ch=='{'||ch=='[')   /*是否为左括号*/
            Push(&S,ch);
        else if((ch==')'&&(GetTop(S)=='('))||(ch=='}'&&(GetTop(S)=='{'))||(ch==']'&&(GetTop(S)=='[')))  /*为右括号是是否与栈顶元素匹配*/
            Pop(&S,&e); 
        else
            break;
    } while (ch!='\n');    /*最后一个字符*/
    if(S.top==S.base&&ch=='\n')  /*栈空？*/
        return OK;
    else 
        return ERROR;
}

void main()
{
    SqStack S;
    InitStack(&S);
    if(MatchBracket(S))
        printf("Successfully match!\n");
    else
        printf("Fairly match!\n");
}