# sklearn.neural_network.MLPRegressor参数介绍

sklearn.neural_network.MLPRegressor(hidden_layer_sizes=(100, ), activation=‘relu’, solver=‘adam’, alpha=0.0001, batch_size=‘auto’, learning_rate=‘constant’, learning_rate_init=0.001, power_t=0.5, max_iter=200, shuffle=True, random_state=None, tol=0.0001, verbose=False, warm_start=False, momentum=0.9, nesterovs_momentum=True, early_stopping=False, validation_fraction=0.1, beta_1=0.9, beta_2=0.999, epsilon=1e-08)

hidden_layer_sizes : tuple, length = n_layers - 2, default (100,)

The ith element represents the number of neurons in the ith hidden layer.

activation : {‘identity’, ‘logistic’, ‘tanh’, ‘relu’}, default ‘relu’

Activation function for the hidden layer.

‘identity’, no-op activation, useful to implement linear bottleneck, returns f(x) = x

‘identity’，无操作激活，对实现线性瓶颈很有用，返回f（x）= x

‘logistic’, the logistic sigmoid function, returns f(x) = 1 / (1 + exp(-x)).

logistic函数，用sigmoid函数

‘tanh’, the hyperbolic tan function, returns f(x) = tanh(x).

‘relu’, the rectified linear unit function, returns f(x) = max(0, x)

https://blog.csdn.net/zchang81/article/details/70224688激活函数使用建议

The solver for weight optimization.

‘lbfgs’ is an optimizer in the family of quasi-Newton methods.

'lbfgs’是准牛顿方法族的优化者。

‘sgd’ refers to stochastic gradient descent.

‘adam’ refers to a stochastic gradient-based optimizer proposed by Kingma, Diederik, and Jimmy Ba

          'adam'是指由Kingma，Diederik和Jimmy Ba提出的基于随机梯度的优化器


Note: The default solver ‘adam’ works pretty well on relatively large datasets (with thousands of training samples or more) in terms of both training time and validation score. For small datasets, however, ‘lbfgs’ can converge faster and perform better.

L2惩罚系数 alpha : float, optional, default 0.0001

L2 penalty (regularization term) parameter.

batch_size : int, optional, default ‘auto’

Size of minibatches for stochastic optimizers. If the solver is ‘lbfgs’, the classifier will not use minibatch. When set to “auto”, batch_size=min(200, n_samples)

learning_rate : {‘constant’, ‘invscaling’, ‘adaptive’}, default ‘constant’

Learning rate schedule for weight updates.权重更新的学习率计划

‘constant’ is a constant learning rate given by ‘learning_rate_init’.'constant’是’learning_rate_init’给出的恒定学习率。

‘invscaling’ gradually decreases the learning rate learning_rate_ at each time step ‘t’ using an inverse scaling exponent of ‘power_t’. effective_learning_rate = learning_rate_init / pow(t, power_t)

'invscaling’使用’power_t’的逆缩放指数在每个时间步’t’逐渐降低学习速率learning_rate_。 effective_learning_rate = learning_rate_init / pow（t，power_t）

‘adaptive’ keeps the learning rate constant to ‘learning_rate_init’ as long as training loss keeps decreasing. Each time two consecutive epochs fail to decrease training loss by at least tol, or fail to increase validation score by at least tol if ‘early_stopping’ is on, the current learning rate is divided by 5.

Only used when solver=’sgd’.

learning_rate_init : double, optional, default 0.001

The initial learning rate used. It controls the step-size in updating the weights. Only used when solver=’sgd’ or ‘adam’.使用初始学习率。 它控制更新权重的步长。 仅在solver ='sgd’或’adam’时使用。

power_t : double, optional, default 0.5

The exponent for inverse scaling learning rate. It is used in updating effective learning rate when the learning_rate is set to ‘invscaling’. Only used when solver=’sgd’.

max_iter : int, optional, default 200

Maximum number of iterations. The solver iterates until convergence (determined by ‘tol’) or this number of iterations. For stochastic solvers (‘sgd’, ‘adam’), note that this determines the number of epochs (how many times each data point will be used), not the number of gradient steps.

shuffle : bool, optional, default True

Whether to shuffle samples in each iteration. Only used when solver=’sgd’ or ‘adam’.

random_state : int, RandomState instance or None, optional, default None

If int, random_state is the seed used by the random number generator; If RandomState instance, random_state is the random number generator; If None, the random number generator is the RandomState instance used by np.random.

tol : float, optional, default 1e-4

Tolerance for the optimization. When the loss or score is not improving by at least tol for two consecutive iterations, unless learning_rate is set to ‘adaptive’, convergence is considered to be reached and training stops.

verbose : bool, optional, default False

Whether to print progress messages to stdout.

warm_start : bool, optional, default False

When set to True, reuse the solution of the previous call to fit as initialization, otherwise, just erase the previous solution.

momentum : float, default 0.9

Momentum for gradient descent update. Should be between 0 and 1. Only used when solver=’sgd’.

nesterovs_momentum : boolean, default True

Whether to use Nesterov’s momentum. Only used when solver=’sgd’ and momentum > 0.

early_stopping : bool, default False

Whether to use early stopping to terminate training when validation score is not improving. If set to true, it will automatically set aside 10% of training data as validation and terminate training when validation score is not improving by at least tol for two consecutive epochs. Only effective when solver=’sgd’ or ‘adam’

validation_fraction : float, optional, default 0.1

The proportion of training data to set aside as validation set for early stopping. Must be between 0 and 1. Only used if early_stopping is True

beta_1 : float, optional, default 0.9

Exponential decay rate for estimates of first moment vector in adam, should be in [0, 1). Only used when solver=’adam’

beta_2 : float, optional, default 0.999

Exponential decay rate for estimates of second moment vector in adam, should be in [0, 1). Only used when solver=’adam’

epsilon : float, optional, default 1e-8

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#### MLPclassifier(一):参数说明

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