Python利用第三方库lxml处理xml文件

xml文件:

# xml文件内容如下:
"""
<annotation>
	<folder>VOC2007</folder>
	<filename>000005.jpg</filename>
	<source>
		<database>The VOC2007 Database</database>
		<annotation>PASCAL VOC2007</annotation>
		<image>flickr</image>
		<flickrid>325991873</flickrid>
	</source>
	<owner>
		<flickrid>archintent louisville</flickrid>
		<name>?</name>
	</owner>
	<size>
		<width>500</width>
		<height>375</height>
		<depth>3</depth>
	</size>
	<segmented>0</segmented>
	<object>
		<name>chair</name>
		<pose>Rear</pose>
		<truncated>0</truncated>
		<difficult>0</difficult>
		<bndbox>
			<xmin>263</xmin>
			<ymin>211</ymin>
			<xmax>324</xmax>
			<ymax>339</ymax>
		</bndbox>
	</object>
	<object>
		<name>chair</name>
		<pose>Unspecified</pose>
		<truncated>0</truncated>
		<difficult>0</difficult>
		<bndbox>
			<xmin>165</xmin>
			<ymin>264</ymin>
			<xmax>253</xmax>
			<ymax>372</ymax>
		</bndbox>
	</object>
	<object>
		<name>chair</name>
		<pose>Unspecified</pose>
		<truncated>1</truncated>
		<difficult>1</difficult>
		<bndbox>
			<xmin>5</xmin>
			<ymin>244</ymin>
			<xmax>67</xmax>
			<ymax>374</ymax>
		</bndbox>
	</object>
	<object>
		<name>chair</name>
		<pose>Unspecified</pose>
		<truncated>0</truncated>
		<difficult>0</difficult>
		<bndbox>
			<xmin>241</xmin>
			<ymin>194</ymin>
			<xmax>295</xmax>
			<ymax>299</ymax>
		</bndbox>
	</object>
	<object>
		<name>chair</name>
		<pose>Unspecified</pose>
		<truncated>1</truncated>
		<difficult>1</difficult>
		<bndbox>
			<xmin>277</xmin>
			<ymin>186</ymin>
			<xmax>312</xmax>
			<ymax>220</ymax>
		</bndbox>
	</object>
</annotation>

"""

lxml处理xml文件代码:

from lxml import etree

# xmlPath = r'000020.xml' # 内容相对少
xmlPath = r'000005.xml' # 内容相对多

html = etree.parse(xmlPath, etree.HTMLParser())
# result = etree.tostring(html)
# print(result.decode('utf-8'))
# print(type(result))  # <class 'bytes'>
# print(result)



# objectsList = html.xpath('//annotation/object')
# print(objectsList)

namesList = html.xpath('/html/body/annotation/object/name/text()')
# print(namesList)

difficultsList = html.xpath('//annotation/object/difficult/text()')
# print(difficultsList)


xminsList = html.xpath('//annotation/object/bndbox/xmin/text()')
# print(xminsList)

yminsList = html.xpath('//annotation/object/bndbox/ymin/text()')
# print(yminsList)

xmaxsList = html.xpath('//annotation/object/bndbox/xmax/text()')
# print(xmaxsList)

ymaxsList = html.xpath('//annotation/object/bndbox/ymax/text()')
# print(ymaxsList)

for i in range(len(difficultsList)):
    difficult = difficultsList[i]
    classType = namesList[i]
    xmin = int(xminsList[i])
    ymin = int(yminsList[i])
    xmax = int(xmaxsList[i])
    ymax = int(ymaxsList[i])
    info  = \
    "difficult:{0:^4}classType:{1:^10}xmin:{2:^6}ymin:{3:^6}xmax:{4:^6}ymax:{5:^6}".format(
    difficult,classType,xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax)
    print(info)


print("--"*10)
objectsList = html.xpath('//object')
obj = objectsList[0]
# print(obj)  # <Element object at 0x1704a9ec808>
xmin = obj.xpath('bndbox/xmin/text()')
print(xmin)
print("*"*20)
data = obj.xpath('//bndbox')
# 注意这里语句 data = obj.xpath('//bndbox') 
# 和语句 data = obj.xpath('.//bndbox') 作用不同,
# 前者相当于 data = html.xpath('//bndbox') 
# 后者是针对档期那obj节点所有的子孙节点查找
print(data)

控制台输出结果:

Windows PowerShell
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尝试新的跨平台 PowerShell https://aka.ms/pscore6

PS C:\Users\chenxuqi\Desktop\新建文件夹\test>  & 'D:\Python\Python37\python.exe' 'c:\Users\chenxuqi\.vscode\extensions\ms-python.python-2020.11.358366026\pythonFiles\lib\python\debugpy\launcher' '55379' '--' 'c:\Users\chenxuqi\Desktop\新建文件夹\test\lxml库 
处理xml文件 .py'
difficult: 0  classType:  chair   xmin: 263  ymin: 211  xmax: 324  ymax: 339          
difficult: 0  classType:  chair   xmin: 165  ymin: 264  xmax: 253  ymax: 372          
difficult: 1  classType:  chair   xmin:  5   ymin: 244  xmax:  67  ymax: 374          
difficult: 0  classType:  chair   xmin: 241  ymin: 194  xmax: 295  ymax: 299          
difficult: 1  classType:  chair   xmin: 277  ymin: 186  xmax: 312  ymax: 220          
--------------------
['263']
********************
[<Element bndbox at 0x1cb4992da08>, <Element bndbox at 0x1cb4992da48>, <Element bndbox at 0x1cb4992da88>, <Element bndbox at 0x1cb4992dac8>, <Element bndbox at 0x1cb4992db08>]
PS C:\Users\chenxuqi\Desktop\新建文件夹\test> 

参考链接: 崔庆才-python3网络爬虫开发实战