NumPy库学习笔记(6) NumPy的随机数函数子库

参考链接: NumPy官网

参考链接: NumPy: the absolute basics for beginners

参考链接: Quickstart tutorial

参考链接: Broadcasting广播

参考链接: NumPy 中文教程

参考链接: Python数据分析与展示

使用方式: np.random.XXX

np.random的随机数函数:

函数	说明
rand(d0,d1,…,dn)	根据d0‐dn创建随机数数组，浮点数，[0,1)，均匀分布
randn(d0,d1,…,dn)	根据d0‐dn创建随机数数组，标准正态分布
randint(low[,high,shape])	根据shape创建随机整数或整数数组，范围是[low, high)
seed(s)	随机数种子，s是给定的种子值
shuffle(a)	根据数组a的第1轴进行随排列，改变数组x
permutation(a)	根据数组a的第1轴产生一个新的乱序数组，不改变数组x
choice(a[,size,replace,p])	从一维数组a中以概率p抽取元素，形成size形状新数组，replace表示是否可以重用元素，默认为False
uniform(low,high,size)	产生具有均匀分布的数组,low起始值,high结束值,size形状
normal(loc,scale,size)	产生具有正态分布的数组,loc均值,scale标准差,size形状
poisson(lam,size)	产生具有泊松分布的数组,lam随机事件发生率,size形状

实验代码展示:

Python 3.7.4 (tags/v3.7.4:e09359112e, Jul  8 2019, 20:34:20) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information.
>>> import numpy as np
>>> a = np.random.rand(3,4,5)
>>> a
array([[[0.43461118, 0.67152066, 0.92047132, 0.56249509, 0.06518187],
        [0.8849577 , 0.14584999, 0.04442541, 0.79034329, 0.37392931],
        [0.71974235, 0.60252472, 0.67803274, 0.33991318, 0.09877394],
        [0.12174179, 0.65811069, 0.31359034, 0.25219828, 0.44985309]],

       [[0.15000427, 0.58408875, 0.24537165, 0.62653904, 0.22474145],
        [0.91677429, 0.08491544, 0.36055195, 0.89321353, 0.00688322],
        [0.93760713, 0.68377657, 0.86612548, 0.42936391, 0.70617769],
        [0.78155284, 0.29953589, 0.94067568, 0.11961233, 0.845394  ]],

       [[0.42883889, 0.85582328, 0.72197987, 0.74451102, 0.52555016],
        [0.1128279 , 0.05550925, 0.02739479, 0.01039148, 0.06343216],
        [0.23364621, 0.8521507 , 0.61302197, 0.09323585, 0.21797215],
        [0.31202329, 0.56006766, 0.100646  , 0.50536627, 0.67868073]]])
>>> sn = np.random.randn(3,4,5)
>>> sn
array([[[ 0.5614552 ,  0.93187108, -1.08447351,  1.52800922,
          1.90302427],
        [ 1.57919135,  1.29580869,  2.33811499, -1.06149503,
         -2.30370559],
        [-1.72034522,  0.31021075, -1.15561603, -1.76427148,
          0.47669142],
        [ 0.35410063,  1.06367956,  0.48307513, -0.84284657,
          0.55155055]],

       [[-0.12646501, -1.76574052, -0.34643498, -1.11375249,
          0.20681335],
        [ 0.63951291, -1.15254676,  1.95572231,  0.19580836,
          0.2592714 ],
        [-1.00948396,  1.05556101, -1.64752325,  0.49618588,
          0.15097269],
        [-0.19022664,  0.43933103, -0.41849364,  1.23566172,
          1.06333256]],

       [[ 0.15856644,  0.12855378, -0.06889352, -0.76362172,
          0.65449572],
        [ 0.29455946,  0.60693076, -0.81099247, -1.64899023,
          0.38440449],
        [-1.51466305,  0.41013325,  0.62540417, -0.41832723,
         -1.96782065],
        [ 0.69615753, -0.16730052, -0.33291391, -0.31524605,
          0.00262408]]])
>>> b = np.random.randint(100,200,(3,4))
>>> b
array([[190, 130, 148, 137],
       [199, 182, 139, 180],
       [145, 128, 192, 145]])
>>> np.random.seed(10)
>>> np.random.randint(100,200,(3,4))
array([[109, 115, 164, 128],
       [189, 193, 129, 108],
       [173, 100, 140, 136]])
>>> a = np.random.randint(100,200,(3,4))
>>> a
array([[116, 111, 154, 188],
       [162, 133, 172, 178],
       [149, 151, 154, 177]])
>>> np.random.shuffle(a)
>>> a
array([[116, 111, 154, 188],
       [149, 151, 154, 177],
       [162, 133, 172, 178]])
>>> # a已经改变
>>> np.random.permutation(a)
array([[162, 133, 172, 178],
       [116, 111, 154, 188],
       [149, 151, 154, 177]])
>>> a
array([[116, 111, 154, 188],
       [149, 151, 154, 177],
       [162, 133, 172, 178]])
>>> # a不会发生变化
>>> np.random.permutation(a)
array([[162, 133, 172, 178],
       [116, 111, 154, 188],
       [149, 151, 154, 177]])
>>> a
array([[116, 111, 154, 188],
       [149, 151, 154, 177],
       [162, 133, 172, 178]])
>>> b = np.random.randint(100,200,(8,))
>>> b
array([186, 130, 130, 189, 112, 165, 131, 157])
>>> np.random.choice(b,(3,2))
array([[112, 189],
       [130, 165],
       [165, 131]])
>>> np.random.choice(b,(3,2),replace=False)
array([[130, 112],
       [130, 165],
       [189, 186]])
>>> np.random.choice(b,(3,2),replace=True)
array([[130, 157],
       [130, 186],
       [131, 157]])
>>> 
>>> 
>>> 
>>> 
>>> b = np.random.randint(100,200,(8,))
>>> b
array([188, 111, 117, 146, 107, 175, 128, 133])
>>> np.random.choice(b,(3,2))
array([[107, 117],
       [188, 188],
       [107, 175]])
>>> np.random.choice(b,(3,2),replace=False)
array([[111, 146],
       [133, 175],
       [117, 128]])
>>> np.random.choice(b,(3,2),replace=False)
array([[111, 146],
       [128, 107],
       [117, 133]])
>>> np.random.choice(b,(3,2),replace=True)
array([[107, 188],
       [128, 128],
       [111, 111]])
>>> np.random.choice(b,(3,2),replace=True)
array([[133, 107],
       [188, 117],
       [175, 111]])
>>> np.random.choice(b,(3,2),replace=True)
array([[146, 111],
       [117, 175],
       [188, 111]])
>>> np.random.choice(b,(3,2),replace=True)
array([[111, 175],
       [188, 117],
       [133, 146]])
>>> np.random.choice(b,(3,2),replace=True)
array([[175, 188],
       [107, 117],
       [188, 128]])
>>> np.random.choice(b,(3,2),p=b/np.sum(b))
array([[111, 111],
       [146, 111],
       [188, 107]])
>>> np.random.choice(b,(3,2),p=b/np.sum(b))
array([[111, 107],
       [107, 117],
       [175, 128]])
>>> np.random.choice(b,(3,2),p=b/np.sum(b))
array([[188, 107],
       [117, 146],
       [188, 117]])
>>> np.random.choice(b,(3,2),p=b/np.sum(b),replace=False)
array([[188, 175],
       [146, 133],
       [107, 111]])
>>> np.random.choice(b,(3,2),p=b/np.sum(b),replace=False)
array([[117, 128],
       [146, 188],
       [175, 111]])
>>> np.random.choice(b,(3,2),p=b/np.sum(b),replace=False)
array([[107, 175],
       [128, 188],
       [146, 111]])
>>> np.random.choice(b,(3,2),p=b/np.sum(b),replace=True)
array([[107, 111],
       [111, 128],
       [188, 146]])
>>> np.random.choice(b,(3,2),p=b/np.sum(b),replace=True)
array([[111, 117],
       [188, 117],
       [133, 111]])
>>> np.random.choice(b,(3,2),p=b/np.sum(b))
array([[175, 133],
       [128, 175],
       [111, 107]])
>>> np.random.choice(b,(3,2),p=b/np.sum(b))
array([[133, 175],
       [133, 175],
       [117, 188]])
>>> u = np.random.uniform(0,10,(3,4))
>>> u
array([[2.20627863, 1.37373246, 7.44295925, 3.46690659],
       [5.77664255, 1.68352936, 0.37971704, 8.17176704],
       [8.12464853, 1.8843566 , 3.73062398, 7.44192136]])
>>> n = np.random.normal(10,5,(3,4))
>>> n
array([[ 8.26351631,  3.67967796, 13.43147307,  3.99146985],
       [13.12600404, 12.46786526, 13.11474845,  7.95478642],
       [ 8.4110399 ,  5.40749947, 12.44144566, 10.96753023]])
>>> p = np.random.poisson(5,(3,4))
>>> p
array([[4, 2, 7, 1],
       [7, 7, 6, 4],
       [3, 4, 5, 3]])
>>> 
>>>