NumPy多维数组切片时使用省略号进行索引

参考链接: Structural indexing tools
参考链接: np.clip() 函数 和 numpy中切片省略号的用法
参考链接: NumPy 切片和索引
参考链接: Indexing, Slicing and Iterating

NumPy中的省略号语法:

实验展示:

Python 3.7.4 (tags/v3.7.4:e09359112e, Jul  8 2019, 20:34:20) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information.
>>> import numpy as np
>>> z = np.arange(81).reshape(3,3,3,3)
>>> z
array([[[[ 0,  1,  2],
         [ 3,  4,  5],
         [ 6,  7,  8]],

        [[ 9, 10, 11],
         [12, 13, 14],
         [15, 16, 17]],

        [[18, 19, 20],
         [21, 22, 23],
         [24, 25, 26]]],


       [[[27, 28, 29],
         [30, 31, 32],
         [33, 34, 35]],

        [[36, 37, 38],
         [39, 40, 41],
         [42, 43, 44]],

        [[45, 46, 47],
         [48, 49, 50],
         [51, 52, 53]]],


       [[[54, 55, 56],
         [57, 58, 59],
         [60, 61, 62]],

        [[63, 64, 65],
         [66, 67, 68],
         [69, 70, 71]],

        [[72, 73, 74],
         [75, 76, 77],
         [78, 79, 80]]]])
>>> z[1,:,:,2]
array([[29, 32, 35],
       [38, 41, 44],
       [47, 50, 53]])
>>> z[1,...,2]
array([[29, 32, 35],
       [38, 41, 44],
       [47, 50, 53]])
>>> z[...]
array([[[[ 0,  1,  2],
         [ 3,  4,  5],
         [ 6,  7,  8]],

        [[ 9, 10, 11],
         [12, 13, 14],
         [15, 16, 17]],

        [[18, 19, 20],
         [21, 22, 23],
         [24, 25, 26]]],


       [[[27, 28, 29],
         [30, 31, 32],
         [33, 34, 35]],

        [[36, 37, 38],
         [39, 40, 41],
         [42, 43, 44]],

        [[45, 46, 47],
         [48, 49, 50],
         [51, 52, 53]]],


       [[[54, 55, 56],
         [57, 58, 59],
         [60, 61, 62]],

        [[63, 64, 65],
         [66, 67, 68],
         [69, 70, 71]],

        [[72, 73, 74],
         [75, 76, 77],
         [78, 79, 80]]]])
>>> z[,...,]
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> 
>>> 
>>> z[,...]
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> z[...,]
array([[[[ 0,  1,  2],
         [ 3,  4,  5],
         [ 6,  7,  8]],

        [[ 9, 10, 11],
         [12, 13, 14],
         [15, 16, 17]],

        [[18, 19, 20],
         [21, 22, 23],
         [24, 25, 26]]],


       [[[27, 28, 29],
         [30, 31, 32],
         [33, 34, 35]],

        [[36, 37, 38],
         [39, 40, 41],
         [42, 43, 44]],

        [[45, 46, 47],
         [48, 49, 50],
         [51, 52, 53]]],


       [[[54, 55, 56],
         [57, 58, 59],
         [60, 61, 62]],

        [[63, 64, 65],
         [66, 67, 68],
         [69, 70, 71]],

        [[72, 73, 74],
         [75, 76, 77],
         [78, 79, 80]]]])
>>> 
>>> 
>>> 
>>> 
>>> 
>>> ls = [
	[0,1,2,3],
	[4,5,6,7],
	[8,9,10,11]
	]
>>> ls
[[0, 1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6, 7], [8, 9, 10, 11]]
>>> ls[...,0]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#18>", line 1, in <module>
    ls[...,0]
TypeError: list indices must be integers or slices, not tuple
>>> ls[...]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#19>", line 1, in <module>
    ls[...]
TypeError: list indices must be integers or slices, not ellipsis
>>> x = np.array(ls)
>>> x
array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
       [ 4,  5,  6,  7],
       [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])
>>> x[...,]
array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
       [ 4,  5,  6,  7],
       [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])
>>> x[...,0]
array([0, 4, 8])
>>> x[:,0]
array([0, 4, 8])
>>> 
>>> 
>>> 
>>> z
array([[[[ 0,  1,  2],
         [ 3,  4,  5],
         [ 6,  7,  8]],

        [[ 9, 10, 11],
         [12, 13, 14],
         [15, 16, 17]],

        [[18, 19, 20],
         [21, 22, 23],
         [24, 25, 26]]],


       [[[27, 28, 29],
         [30, 31, 32],
         [33, 34, 35]],

        [[36, 37, 38],
         [39, 40, 41],
         [42, 43, 44]],

        [[45, 46, 47],
         [48, 49, 50],
         [51, 52, 53]]],


       [[[54, 55, 56],
         [57, 58, 59],
         [60, 61, 62]],

        [[63, 64, 65],
         [66, 67, 68],
         [69, 70, 71]],

        [[72, 73, 74],
         [75, 76, 77],
         [78, 79, 80]]]])
>>> z[0,..,1]
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> z[0,...,1]
array([[ 1,  4,  7],
       [10, 13, 16],
       [19, 22, 25]])
>>> z[0,:,:,1]
array([[ 1,  4,  7],
       [10, 13, 16],
       [19, 22, 25]])
>>> 
>>> 
>>> 
>>> z[0,...]
array([[[ 0,  1,  2],
        [ 3,  4,  5],
        [ 6,  7,  8]],

       [[ 9, 10, 11],
        [12, 13, 14],
        [15, 16, 17]],

       [[18, 19, 20],
        [21, 22, 23],
        [24, 25, 26]]])
>>> z[0,:,:,:]
array([[[ 0,  1,  2],
        [ 3,  4,  5],
        [ 6,  7,  8]],

       [[ 9, 10, 11],
        [12, 13, 14],
        [15, 16, 17]],

       [[18, 19, 20],
        [21, 22, 23],
        [24, 25, 26]]])
>>> z[:,:,:,1]
array([[[ 1,  4,  7],
        [10, 13, 16],
        [19, 22, 25]],

       [[28, 31, 34],
        [37, 40, 43],
        [46, 49, 52]],

       [[55, 58, 61],
        [64, 67, 70],
        [73, 76, 79]]])
>>> z[...,1]
array([[[ 1,  4,  7],
        [10, 13, 16],
        [19, 22, 25]],

       [[28, 31, 34],
        [37, 40, 43],
        [46, 49, 52]],

       [[55, 58, 61],
        [64, 67, 70],
        [73, 76, 79]]])
>>> 
>>> 

总结:

NumPy数组切片可以使用省略号(...),
注意是英文省略号不是中文全角半角省略号,
省略号的作用是在NumPy多维数组指定某些维度后在剩余的维度采取全选操作.
可以只指定前面的维度也可以只指定后面的维度,
也可以既指定前面的维度同时又指定后面的维度,
余下的维度使用省略号进行全选.
注意: python的内置类型列表是不支持省略号全选操作的.