华为—静态路由实验

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-19 00:33:14 发布

一颗有想法的板蓝根

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-19 00:33:14 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_47218990/article/details/121146763

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实验环境：华为模拟器
实验要求：
在这里插入图片描述
1.分配IP地址
１＞先对１９２.１６８.１.０／２４网段做子网划分

192.168.1.0/24
子网
192.168.1.0/27　　骨干链路网络号
192.168.1.32/27		R1
192.168.1.64/27		R2
192.168.1.96/27		R3
192.168.1.128/27　	R4
保留地址
192.168.1.160/27
192.168.1.192/27

骨干链路又分为６子网

192.168.1.0/27
子网
192.168.1.0/30
192.168.1.4/30
192.168.1.8/30
192.168.1.12/30
192.168.1.16/30
192.168.1.20/30
保留地址
192.168.1.24/30
192.168.1.28/30

R1网段子网划分

192.168.1.32/27
子网
192.168.1.32/28
192.168.1.48/28

R2网段子网划分

192.168.1.64/27
192.168.1.64/28
192.168.1.80/28

R3网段子网划分

192.168.1.96/27
192.168.1.96/28
192.168.1.112/28

R4网段子网划分

192.168.1.128/27
192.168.1.128/28
192.168.1.144/28

2>给接口配置IP地址
拓扑图:
在这里插入图片描述
r1接口配置:
注：命令可以缩写，或用tab键补全。

 <Huawei>sys  进入上层模式
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys r1   模式为系统模式，对设备进行管理配置；修改设备名称；
[r1]int g0/0/0    进入g0/0/0接口
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 30  给接口配置IP地址；30为子网掩码的简写形式
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.5 30
[r1]int LoopBack 0   创建名为‘0’的环回网卡[虚拟]
[r1-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.33 28 配置IP地址
[r1]int LoopBack 1	创建名为'1'的虚拟网卡
[r1-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.49 28 
[r1]display ip interface brief 查看接口摘要 
Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              192.168.1.1/30       up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              192.168.1.5/30       up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         192.168.1.33/28      up         up(s)     
LoopBack1                         192.168.1.49/28      up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)

R2接口配置:

 <Huawei>sys  进入上层模式
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys r2  修改设备名称
[r2]int g0/0/0  进入接口
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.2 30 配置IP地址
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.9 30 
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int lo 0  创建名为‘0’环回网卡
[r2-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.65 28 配置IP地址
[r2-LoopBack0]int lo 1     创建名为‘1’环回网卡
[r2-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.81 28  配置IP地址
[r2-LoopBack1]dis ip int br  查看接口摘要
Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              192.168.1.2/30       up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              192.168.1.9/30       up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         192.168.1.65/28      up         up(s)     
LoopBack1                         192.168.1.81/28      up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)

R3接口配置:

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys r3
[r3]int g0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.6 30
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.13 30
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int lo 0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.97 28
[r3-LoopBack0]int lo 1
[r3-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.113 28
[r3-LoopBack1]dis ip int br
Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              192.168.1.6/30       up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              192.168.1.13/30      up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         192.168.1.97/28      up         up(s)     
LoopBack1                         192.168.1.113/28     up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)

R4 接口配置:

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys r4
[r4]int g0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.10 30
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.14 30
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.17 30
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int e4/0/0
[r4-Ethernet4/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.21 30
[r4-Ethernet4/0/0]int lo 0
[r4-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.129 28
[r4-LoopBack0]int lo 1
[r4-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.145 28
[r4-LoopBack1]dis ip int br
Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
Ethernet4/0/0                     192.168.1.21/30      up         up        
Ethernet4/0/1                     unassigned           down       down      
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              192.168.1.10/30      up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              192.168.1.14/30      up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              192.168.1.17/30      up         up        
LoopBack0                         192.168.1.129/28     up         up(s)     
LoopBack1                         192.168.1.145/28     up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)

R5接口配置:

<Huawei>sy
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys r5
[r5]int g0/0/0
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.18 30
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.22 30
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int lo 0
[r5-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.5 24
[r5-LoopBack0]dis ip int br
Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              192.168.1.18/30      up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              192.168.1.22/30      up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         5.5.5.5/24           up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)

2.添加静态路由
R1路由表

					R2和R4之间网段    下一跳
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2
					R3和R4之间网段    下一跳
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6
					R2上环回地址[汇总]  下一跳
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2
					R3上环回地址[汇总]  下一跳
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6
					R4上的环回地址[汇总]  下一跳
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2
负载均衡-当到同一目标地址时，存在多条开销相似的路径时；可让设备将流量拆分后沿多条路径同时传输
				R4和R5之间1000M网段   下一跳 [负载均衡]
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.14
               R4和R5之间100M网段     下一跳[负载均衡]
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.6
              缺省路由
[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6

r2路由表

				    R1和R3之间网段   下一跳
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1
					R3和R4之间网段    下一跳
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10
					R1上环回地址[汇总]  下一跳
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1
					R4上环回地址[汇总]  下一跳
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10
				R3上环回地址[汇总]     下一跳[负载均衡]
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10
				R4和R5之间1000M网段   下一跳
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10
			    R4和R5之间100M网段    下一跳
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.10
					缺省路由
[r2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10

R3路由表

                    R1和R2之间网段   下一跳
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5
					R2和R4之间网段   下一跳
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.14
					R4环回地址[汇总]
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.14
              		R1环回地址[汇总]
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5
					R2环回地址[汇总]  负载均衡
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14
					R4和R5之间网段
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.14
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.14
					缺省路由
[r3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14

r4路由表

					R1和R2之间网段
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9
 					R2和R3之间网段
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13
					R1上环回地址  负载均衡
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 30 192.168.1.13
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 30 192.168.1.9
					R3上环回地址
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13
					R2上环回地址
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.19
					1000M网段到，R5上环回地址
[r4]ip route-static 5.5.5.0 24 192.168.1.18
					浮动静态路由 修改优先级为61	
[r4]ip route-static 5.5.5.0 24 192.168.1.22 preference 61
静态路由优先级默认60；优先级为0-255，越小越优；
通过编写静态路由时，修改默认优先级；可以实现路由备份效果；

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17
备份
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21 p 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21 p 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21 p 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21 p 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21 p 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21 p 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21 p 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21 p 61

实验结果成功：
在R5上ping R1的接口IP
在这里插入图片描述
R1上pingR5的环回地址5.5.5.5

重点:
1>r1到r4的环回负载均衡
到r4，r5的网段负载均衡
2>r2到r3的环回负载均衡
3>r3到r2的环回负载均衡
4>r4到r1环回上负载均衡
过程中在r4上使用了空接口路由，防止环路产生；
r4到r5的100M链路，相当于做备份，修改优先级；