MySQL数据备份还原

素材

1.创建数据库
mysql> create database hello default character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;
2.创建student和score表
CREATE TABLE student (
id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY ,
name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL ,
sex VARCHAR(4) ,
birth YEAR,
department VARCHAR(20) ,
address VARCHAR(50) 
)default charset=utf8;
创建score表。SQL代码如下：
CREATE TABLE score (
id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT ,
stu_id INT(10) NOT NULL ,
c_name VARCHAR(20) ,
grade INT(10)
)default charset=utf8;
2.为student表和score表增加记录

向student表插入记录的INSERT语句如下：
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 901,'张老大', '男',1985,'计算机系', '北京市海淀区');

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 902,'张老二', '男',1986,'中文系', '北京市昌平区');

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 903,'张三', '女',1990,'中文系', '湖南省永州市');

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 904,'李四', '男',1990,'英语系', '辽宁省阜新市');

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 905,'王五', '女',1991,'英语系', '福建省厦门市');

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 906,'王六', '男',1988,'计算机系', '湖南省衡阳市');

向score表插入记录的INSERT语句如下：
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '计算机',98);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '英语', 80);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '计算机',65);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '中文',88);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,903, '中文',95);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '计算机',70);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '英语',92);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,905, '英语',94);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '计算机',90);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '英语',85);

1.备份数据库school到/backup目录

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 school -B > /backup/school.sql

2.备份MySQL数据库为带删除表的格式，能够让该备份覆盖已有数据库而不需要手动删除原有数据库

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump --add-drop-table -uroot -p123456 > /backup/drop_table.sql

3.直接将MySQL数据库压缩备份

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 school | gzip > /backup/school.sql.gz

4.备份MySQL数据库某个(些)表。此例备份student表

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 school student > /backup/table_student.sql
若备份多个表：
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 school student score > /backup/all_table.sql

5.同时备份多个MySQL数据库（其他数据库素材自行准备）

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -B homework school > /backup/homework_school_databases.sql

6.仅仅备份数据库结构

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -d school > /backup/desc_school_database;

7.备份服务器上所有数据库

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump --all-databases -uroot -p123456 > /backup/all.sql

8.还原MySQL数据库

1.
2.在mysql外还原
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 < /backup/school.sql

9.还原压缩的MySQL数据库

因为备份有问题，先创建数据库再还原
mysql> create database school default character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
还原时指定数据库
[root@localhost ~]# zcat /backup/school.sql.gz | mysql -uroot -p123456 school

10.使用xtrabackup 备份数据库

[root@localhost full]# innobackupex -u root -p 123456 --no-timestamps /backup/Mysql/full/
[root@localhost full]# innobackupex -u root -p 123456 /backup/Mysql/full

11.在另外的数据库服务器上还原xtrabackup 备份

[root@localhost full]# innobackupex --apply-log /backup/Mysql/full
[root@localhost full]# systemctl stop mysqld
[root@localhost full]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/*
[root@localhost full]# innobackupex --copy-back /backup/Mysql/full
[root@localhost full]# ll /var/lib/mysql
修改目录以及其子目录下所有文件
[root@localhost full]# chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql
[root@localhost full]# systemctl start mysqld

12.使用mydumper备份数据库

[root@localhost ~]# mydumper -u root -p 123456 -B xixi -o /backup/mydumper/

13.使用mydumper恢复数据库

[root@localhost ~]# myloader -u root -p 123456 -d /backup/mydumper/ -B xixi -o