OpenGL model 模型

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-11 09:59:51 发布

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9.9.2 model 模型

一个模型拥有多个网格组成，并配有相应的处理函数，如节点处理、网格处理、加载模型、加载纹理、渲染等

模型类：

class Model{
public:
    Model(char* path) {
        loadModel(path);
    }

    void Draw(Shader shader);

private:
    std::vector<Mesh> meshes;
    std::string directory;

    void loadModel(std::string path);
    void processNode(aiNode* node, const aiScene* scene);
    Mesh processMesh(aiMesh* mesh, const aiScene* scene);
    std::vector<Texture> loadMaterialtextures(aiMaterial* mat, aiTextureType type, std::string typeName);
};

下面介绍相关函数：

（1）draw 函数

这函数只需要遍历成员变量meshes，调用每个mesh的Draw函数就可以了。

//渲染
void Model::Draw(Shader shader) {
    for (int i = 0; i < meshes.size(); ++i)
        meshes[i].Draw(shader);
}

（2）loadModel

在这函数中，我们会把模型用Assimp加载进来，保存成一个scene对象。这是Assimp的一个根对象。模型加载成scene对象之后，我们就可以从里面读取数据进行转换纹理。

//加载模型
void Model::loadModel(std::string path) {
    //导入成scene对象
    Assimp::Importer importer;
    const aiScene* scene = importer.ReadFile(path, aiProcess_Triangulate | aiProcess_FlipUVs);

    //检测是否成功
    if (!scene || scene->mFlags & AI_SCENE_FLAGS_INCOMPLETE || !scene->mRootNode) {
        std::cout << "Assimp加载模型失败，错误信息: " << importer.GetErrorString() << std::endl;
        return;
    }

    directory = path.substr(0, path.find_last_of('/'));

    processNode(scene->mRootNode, scene);
}

（3）processNode

processNode来处理节点数据，每一个节点都可能包含子节点，所以这个函数会在其内部进行递归调用。Assimp的节点类中包含一些网格索引信息，检索和处理每个网格是我们的函数要做的主要事情。

//处理节点
void Model::processNode(aiNode* node, const aiScene* scene) {
    //处理节点的所有网格信息
    for (int i = 0; i < node->mNumMeshes; ++i) {
        aiMesh* mesh = scene->mMeshes[node->mMeshes[i]];
        meshes.push_back(processMesh(mesh, scene));
    }

    //对所有的子节点做相同处理
    for (int i = 0; i < node->mNumChildren; ++i) {
        processNode(node->mChildren[i], scene);
    }
}

（4）processMesh

将一个aiMesh对象转换成我们的mesh对象并不难，我们所要做的就是获取aiMesh中网格的所有属性，然后将其保存到mesh对象中。

//处理网格
Mesh Model::processMesh(aiMesh* mesh, const aiScene* scene) {
    std::vector<Vertex> vertices;
    std::vector<unsigned int> indices;
    std::vector<Texture> textures;

    for (int i = 0; i < mesh->mNumVertices; ++i) {
        Vertex vertex;
        //处理顶点，法线和纹理坐标
        ...
        vertices.push_back(vertex);
    }

    //处理索引
    ...

    //处理材质
    if (mesh->mMaterialIndex >= 0) {
        ...
    }

    return Mesh(vertices, indices, textures);
}

processMesh中网格处理

收拾一个网格基本上有三个步骤要做：检索所有的顶点数据、检索所有的网格索引、检索相关的材质数据。将处理完成的数据保存到3个向量中，传递给Mesh的构造函数，生成一个新的Mesh对象返回。

检索顶点数据：在mVertices（位置），mNormals（法线），mTextureCoords（纹理坐标）

//处理顶点，法线和纹理坐标
glm::vec3 vector;
vector.x = mesh->mVertices[i].x;
vector.y = mesh->mVertices[i].y;
vector.z = mesh->mVertices[i].z;
vertex.Position = vector;

vector.x = mesh->mNormals[i].x;
vector.y = mesh->mNormals[i].y;
vector.z = mesh->mNormals[i].z;
vertex.Normal = vector;

if (mesh->mTextureCoords[0]) {  //看看是否有纹理信息
    glm::vec2 vec;
    vec.x = mesh->mTextureCoords[0][i].x;
    vec.y = mesh->mTextureCoords[0][i].y;
    vertex.TexCoords = vec;
}
else
    vertex.TexCoords = glm::vec2(0.0f, 0.0f);

检索索引：

//处理索引
for (int i = 0; i < mesh->mNumFaces; ++i) {
    aiFace face = mesh->mFaces[i];
    for (int j = 0; j < face.mNumIndices; ++j)
        indices.push_back(face.mIndices[j]);
}

相关材质：

//处理材质
if (mesh->mMaterialIndex >= 0) {
    aiMaterial* material = scene->mMaterials[mesh->mMaterialIndex];
    std::vector<Texture> diffuseMaps = loadMaterialtextures(material,
        aiTextureType_DIFFUSE, "texture_diffuse");
    textures.insert(textures.end(), diffuseMaps.begin(), diffuseMaps.end());
    std::vector<Texture> specularMaps = loadMaterialtextures(material,
        aiTextureType_SPECULAR, "texture_specular");
    textures.insert(textures.end(), specularMaps.begin(), specularMaps.end());
}

std::vector<Texture> Model::loadMaterialtextures(aiMaterial* mat, aiTextureType type, std::string typeName) {
    std::vector<Texture> textures;
    for (int i = 0; i < mat->GetTextureCount(type); ++i) {
        aiString str;
        mat->GetTexture(type, i, &str);
        Texture texture;
        texture.id = TextureFromFile(str.C_Str(), directory);
        texture.type = typeName;
        texture.path = str.C_Str();
        textures.push_back(texture);
    }
    return textures;
}

纹理复用：加载纹理前先搜索已经加载的纹理，如果没加载过就加载，加载过了直接保存。

std::vector<Texture> Model::loadMaterialtextures(aiMaterial* mat, aiTextureType type, std::string typeName) {
    std::vector<Texture> textures;
    for (int i = 0; i < mat->GetTextureCount(type); ++i) {
        aiString str;
        mat->GetTexture(type, i, &str);

        bool skip = false;
        for (int j = 0; j < textures_loaded.size(); ++j) {
            if (std::strcmp(textures_loaded[j].path.c_str(), str.C_Str()) == 0) {
                textures.push_back(textures_loaded[j]);
                skip = true;
                break;
            }
        }

        if (!skip) {
            Texture texture;
            texture.id = TextureFromFile(str.C_Str(), directory);
            texture.type = typeName;
            texture.path = str.C_Str();
            textures.push_back(texture);
            textures_loaded.push_back(texture);
        }
    }

    return textures;
}

完整代码：

#ifndef MODEL_H
#define MODEL_H

#include <glad/glad.h> 

#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <stb_image.h>
#include <assimp/Importer.hpp>
#include <assimp/scene.h>
#include <assimp/postprocess.h>

#include <learnopengl/mesh.h>
#include <learnopengl/shader.h>

#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

unsigned int TextureFromFile(const char *path, const string &directory, bool gamma = false);

class Model 
{
public:
    // model data 
    vector<Texture> textures_loaded;	// stores all the textures loaded so far, optimization to make sure textures aren't loaded more than once.
    vector<Mesh>    meshes;
    string directory;
    bool gammaCorrection;

    // constructor, expects a filepath to a 3D model.
    Model(string const &path, bool gamma = false) : gammaCorrection(gamma)
    {
        loadModel(path);
    }

    // draws the model, and thus all its meshes
    void Draw(Shader &shader)
    {
        for(unsigned int i = 0; i < meshes.size(); i++)
            meshes[i].Draw(shader);
    }
    
private:
    // loads a model with supported ASSIMP extensions from file and stores the resulting meshes in the meshes vector.
    void loadModel(string const &path)
    {
        // read file via ASSIMP
        Assimp::Importer importer;
        const aiScene* scene = importer.ReadFile(path, aiProcess_Triangulate | aiProcess_GenSmoothNormals | aiProcess_FlipUVs | aiProcess_CalcTangentSpace);
        // check for errors
        if(!scene || scene->mFlags & AI_SCENE_FLAGS_INCOMPLETE || !scene->mRootNode) // if is Not Zero
        {
            cout << "ERROR::ASSIMP:: " << importer.GetErrorString() << endl;
            return;
        }
        // retrieve the directory path of the filepath
        directory = path.substr(0, path.find_last_of('/'));

        // process ASSIMP's root node recursively
        processNode(scene->mRootNode, scene);
    }

    // processes a node in a recursive fashion. Processes each individual mesh located at the node and repeats this process on its children nodes (if any).
    void processNode(aiNode *node, const aiScene *scene)
    {
        // process each mesh located at the current node
        for(unsigned int i = 0; i < node->mNumMeshes; i++)
        {
            // the node object only contains indices to index the actual objects in the scene. 
            // the scene contains all the data, node is just to keep stuff organized (like relations between nodes).
            aiMesh* mesh = scene->mMeshes[node->mMeshes[i]];
            meshes.push_back(processMesh(mesh, scene));
        }
        // after we've processed all of the meshes (if any) we then recursively process each of the children nodes
        for(unsigned int i = 0; i < node->mNumChildren; i++)
        {
            processNode(node->mChildren[i], scene);
        }

    }

    Mesh processMesh(aiMesh *mesh, const aiScene *scene)
    {
        // data to fill
        vector<Vertex> vertices;
        vector<unsigned int> indices;
        vector<Texture> textures;

        // walk through each of the mesh's vertices
        for(unsigned int i = 0; i < mesh->mNumVertices; i++)
        {
            Vertex vertex;
            glm::vec3 vector; // we declare a placeholder vector since assimp uses its own vector class that doesn't directly convert to glm's vec3 class so we transfer the data to this placeholder glm::vec3 first.
            // positions
            vector.x = mesh->mVertices[i].x;
            vector.y = mesh->mVertices[i].y;
            vector.z = mesh->mVertices[i].z;
            vertex.Position = vector;
            // normals
            if (mesh->HasNormals())
            {
                vector.x = mesh->mNormals[i].x;
                vector.y = mesh->mNormals[i].y;
                vector.z = mesh->mNormals[i].z;
                vertex.Normal = vector;
            }
            // texture coordinates
            if(mesh->mTextureCoords[0]) // does the mesh contain texture coordinates?
            {
                glm::vec2 vec;
                // a vertex can contain up to 8 different texture coordinates. We thus make the assumption that we won't 
                // use models where a vertex can have multiple texture coordinates so we always take the first set (0).
                vec.x = mesh->mTextureCoords[0][i].x; 
                vec.y = mesh->mTextureCoords[0][i].y;
                vertex.TexCoords = vec;
                // tangent
                vector.x = mesh->mTangents[i].x;
                vector.y = mesh->mTangents[i].y;
                vector.z = mesh->mTangents[i].z;
                vertex.Tangent = vector;
                // bitangent
                vector.x = mesh->mBitangents[i].x;
                vector.y = mesh->mBitangents[i].y;
                vector.z = mesh->mBitangents[i].z;
                vertex.Bitangent = vector;
            }
            else
                vertex.TexCoords = glm::vec2(0.0f, 0.0f);

            vertices.push_back(vertex);
        }
        // now wak through each of the mesh's faces (a face is a mesh its triangle) and retrieve the corresponding vertex indices.
        for(unsigned int i = 0; i < mesh->mNumFaces; i++)
        {
            aiFace face = mesh->mFaces[i];
            // retrieve all indices of the face and store them in the indices vector
            for(unsigned int j = 0; j < face.mNumIndices; j++)
                indices.push_back(face.mIndices[j]);        
        }
        // process materials
        aiMaterial* material = scene->mMaterials[mesh->mMaterialIndex];    
        // we assume a convention for sampler names in the shaders. Each diffuse texture should be named
        // as 'texture_diffuseN' where N is a sequential number ranging from 1 to MAX_SAMPLER_NUMBER. 
        // Same applies to other texture as the following list summarizes:
        // diffuse: texture_diffuseN
        // specular: texture_specularN
        // normal: texture_normalN

        // 1. diffuse maps
        vector<Texture> diffuseMaps = loadMaterialTextures(material, aiTextureType_DIFFUSE, "texture_diffuse");
        textures.insert(textures.end(), diffuseMaps.begin(), diffuseMaps.end());
        // 2. specular maps
        vector<Texture> specularMaps = loadMaterialTextures(material, aiTextureType_SPECULAR, "texture_specular");
        textures.insert(textures.end(), specularMaps.begin(), specularMaps.end());
        // 3. normal maps
        std::vector<Texture> normalMaps = loadMaterialTextures(material, aiTextureType_HEIGHT, "texture_normal");
        textures.insert(textures.end(), normalMaps.begin(), normalMaps.end());
        // 4. height maps
        std::vector<Texture> heightMaps = loadMaterialTextures(material, aiTextureType_AMBIENT, "texture_height");
        textures.insert(textures.end(), heightMaps.begin(), heightMaps.end());
        
        // return a mesh object created from the extracted mesh data
        return Mesh(vertices, indices, textures);
    }

    // checks all material textures of a given type and loads the textures if they're not loaded yet.
    // the required info is returned as a Texture struct.
    vector<Texture> loadMaterialTextures(aiMaterial *mat, aiTextureType type, string typeName)
    {
        vector<Texture> textures;
        for(unsigned int i = 0; i < mat->GetTextureCount(type); i++)
        {
            aiString str;
            mat->GetTexture(type, i, &str);
            // check if texture was loaded before and if so, continue to next iteration: skip loading a new texture
            bool skip = false;
            for(unsigned int j = 0; j < textures_loaded.size(); j++)
            {
                if(std::strcmp(textures_loaded[j].path.data(), str.C_Str()) == 0)
                {
                    textures.push_back(textures_loaded[j]);
                    skip = true; // a texture with the same filepath has already been loaded, continue to next one. (optimization)
                    break;
                }
            }
            if(!skip)
            {   // if texture hasn't been loaded already, load it
                Texture texture;
                texture.id = TextureFromFile(str.C_Str(), this->directory);
                texture.type = typeName;
                texture.path = str.C_Str();
                textures.push_back(texture);
                textures_loaded.push_back(texture);  // store it as texture loaded for entire model, to ensure we won't unnecessary load duplicate textures.
            }
        }
        return textures;
    }
};


unsigned int TextureFromFile(const char *path, const string &directory, bool gamma)
{
    string filename = string(path);
    filename = directory + '/' + filename;

    unsigned int textureID;
    glGenTextures(1, &textureID);

    int width, height, nrComponents;
    unsigned char *data = stbi_load(filename.c_str(), &width, &height, &nrComponents, 0);
    if (data)
    {
        GLenum format;
        if (nrComponents == 1)
            format = GL_RED;
        else if (nrComponents == 3)
            format = GL_RGB;
        else if (nrComponents == 4)
            format = GL_RGBA;

        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureID);
        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, format, width, height, 0, format, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
        glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);

        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);

        stbi_image_free(data);
    }
    else
    {
        std::cout << "Texture failed to load at path: " << path << std::endl;
        stbi_image_free(data);
    }

    return textureID;
}
#endif