数学公式（常用）（一）:

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已于 2022-12-19 12:44:24 修改

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于 2022-12-19 11:05:27 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_48041271/article/details/126148005

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1.平方差公式： $\large a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b)(a - b)$

2.立方差公式： $a^{3} - b^{3} = (a - b)(a^2 + ab + b^2)$

立方和公式： $a^3 + b^3 = (a + b)(a^2 - ab + b^2)$

3.四次方差公式： $a^4 - b^4 = (a - b)(a^3 + a^2b + ab^2 + b^3) =(a + b)(a^3 - a^2b + ab^2 - b^3)$

4. $x^n - 1 = (x - 1)(x^{n - 1} + x^{n - 2} + x^{n - 3} + \cdot \cdot \cdot + x + 1), n \epsilon N^{*}$

$x^n + 1 = (x + 1)(x^{n - 1} + x^{n - 2} + x^{n - 3} + \cdot \cdot \cdot + x - 1), n \epsilon N^{*},$ n为奇数

导数公式：

${(tgx)}' = sec^{2}x$ ${(arcsinx)}' = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - x^2}}$

${(ctgx)}' = -csc^{2}x$ ${(arccosx)}' = -\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - x^2}}$

${(secx)}' = secx\cdot tgx$ ${(arctgx)}' = \frac{1}{1 + x^2}$

${(cscx)}' = -cscx\cdot ctgx$ ${(arcctgx)}' = -\frac{1}{1 + x^2}$

${(a^x)}' = a^{x} \ln a$

${\log_{a}{x}}' = \frac{1}{x\ln a}$

基本积分表：

$\int tgxdx = -\ln \left | cosx \right | + C$ $\int \frac{dx}{\cos ^{2}x}= \int \sec ^{2}x \mathrm{d} x =\tan x + C$

$\int ctgxdx = \ln \left | sinx \right | + C$ $\int \frac{\mathrm{d} x}{\sin ^{2}x}= \int \csc ^{2}x \mathrm{d} x = -\cot x + C$

$\int sec xdx = \ln \left | secx + tgx\right | + C$ $\int \sec x\cdot \tan x \mathrm{d} x = \sec x +C$

$\int cscxdx = \ln \left | cscx - ctgx\right | + C$ $\int \csc x\cdot \cot x \mathrm{d} x = -\csc x +C$

$\int \frac{dx}{a^2 + x^2}= \frac{1}{a} \arctan\frac{x}{a} + C$ $\int a^{x} \mathrm{d} x = \frac{a^{x}}{\ln a} +C$

$\int \frac{dx}{x^2 - a^2}= \frac{1}{2a} \ln \left |\frac{x-a}{x+a}\right | + C$ $\int \sinh x\mathrm{d} x =\cosh x + C$

$\int \frac{dx}{a^2 - x^2}= \frac{1}{2a} \ln \frac{a+x}{a-x} + C$ $\int \cosh x\mathrm{d} x =\sinh x + C$

$\int \frac{dx}{\sqrt{a^2 - x^2}}= \arcsin\frac{x}{a} + C$ $\int \frac{\mathrm{d} x}{\sqrt{x^{2} \pm a^{2}}} =\ln(x+\sqrt{x^2 \pm a^2}) + C$

$I_{n} = \int_{0}^{\frac{n}{2}}\sin ^{n} x$

$\int \sqrt{x^{2} + a^{2}}\mathrm{d} x = \frac{x}{2}\sqrt{x^2 + a^2} + \frac{a^{2}}{2}\ln(x + \sqrt{x^{2} + a^{2}}) + C$

$\int \sqrt{x^{2} - a^{2}}\mathrm{d} x = \frac{x}{2}\sqrt{x^2 - a^2} - \frac{a^{2}}{2} \ln\left | x + \sqrt{x^{2} - a^{2}}\right | + C$

$\int \sqrt{a^{2} - x^{2}}\mathrm{d} x = \frac{x}{2}\sqrt{a^2 - x^2} + \frac{a^{2}}{2} \arcsin \frac{x}{a}+ C$

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