【深度学习21天学习挑战赛】5、卷积神经网络（CNN）识别验证码

于 2022-08-12 00:17:33 发布
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分类专栏： 深度学习21天学习挑战赛 TensorFlow
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_48300767/article/details/126295384
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1、数据准备及配置

使用的是老师提供的验证码数据，共1070张图片数据。
在这里插入图片描述

1.1导入数据

data_dir = "./captcha" # 数据存放目录
data_dir = pathlib.Path(data_dir)
all_image_paths = list(data_dir.glob('*'))
all_image_paths = [str(path) for path in all_image_paths]


# 通过数据文件名，获取数据标签
all_label_names = [path.split("\\")[1].split(".")[0] for path in all_image_paths]
image_count = len(all_image_paths)
print("图片总数为：",image_count)

在这里插入图片描述
可视化预览

plt.figure(figsize=(10,5))
for i in range(20):
    plt.subplot(5,4,i+1)
    plt.xticks([])
    plt.yticks([])
    plt.grid(False)
    # 显示图片
    images = plt.imread(all_image_paths[i])
    plt.imshow(images)
    # 显示标签
    plt.xlabel(all_label_names[i])
plt.show()

在这里插入图片描述

1.2 标签数字化处理

number   = ['0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9']
alphabet = ['a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z']
char_set = number + alphabet
char_set_len = len(char_set)
label_name_len = len(all_label_names[0])
# 将字符串数字化
def text2vec(text):
    vector = np.zeros([label_name_len, char_set_len])
    for i, c in enumerate(text):
        idx = char_set.index(c)
        vector[i][idx] = 1.0
    return vector
all_labels = [text2vec(i) for i in all_label_names]

1.3 构建tf.data.Dataset，配置、加载数据

这里使用from_tensor_slices方法来构建tf.data.Dataset

然后通过自建函数对数据进行预处理：

  • load_and_preprocess_image函数从目录读取文件
  • preprocess_image函数进行归一化处理和单通道处理
def preprocess_image(image):
    image = tf.image.decode_jpeg(image, channels=1)
    image = tf.image.resize(image, [50, 200])
    return image/255.0

def load_and_preprocess_image(path):
    image = tf.io.read_file(path)
    return preprocess_image(image)

AUTOTUNE = tf.data.experimental.AUTOTUNE

path_ds  = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices(all_image_paths)
image_ds = path_ds.map(load_and_preprocess_image, num_parallel_calls=AUTOTUNE)
label_ds = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices(all_labels)

image_label_ds = tf.data.Dataset.zip((image_ds, label_ds))
image_label_ds

train_ds = image_label_ds.take(1000)  # 前1000个batch
val_ds   = image_label_ds.skip(1000)  # 跳过前1000，选取后面的
BATCH_SIZE = 16

train_ds = train_ds.batch(BATCH_SIZE)
train_ds = train_ds.prefetch(buffer_size=AUTOTUNE)

val_ds = val_ds.batch(BATCH_SIZE)
val_ds = val_ds.prefetch(buffer_size=AUTOTUNE)
val_ds

2、搭建网络模型

from tensorflow.keras import datasets, layers, models

model = models.Sequential([
    
    layers.Conv2D(32, (3, 3), activation='relu', input_shape=(50, 200, 1)),#卷积层1，卷积核3*3
    layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)),                   #池化层1，2*2采样
    layers.Conv2D(64, (3, 3), activation='relu'),  #卷积层2，卷积核3*3
    layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)),                   #池化层2，2*2采样
    
    layers.Flatten(),                              #Flatten层，连接卷积层与全连接层
    layers.Dense(1000, activation='relu'),         #全连接层，特征进一步提取
    
    layers.Dense(label_name_len * char_set_len),
    layers.Reshape([label_name_len, char_set_len]),
    layers.Softmax()                               #输出层，输出预期结果
])
# 打印网络结构
model.summary()

在这里插入图片描述

3、配置模型

model.compile(optimizer="adam",
              loss='categorical_crossentropy',
              metrics=['accuracy'])

4、训练模型

epochs = 20

history = model.fit(
    train_ds,
    validation_data=val_ds,
    epochs=epochs
)

在这里插入图片描述

5、评估模型

acc = history.history['accuracy']
val_acc = history.history['val_accuracy']

loss = history.history['loss']
val_loss = history.history['val_loss']

epochs_range = range(epochs)

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 4))
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)

plt.plot(epochs_range, acc, label='Training Accuracy')
plt.plot(epochs_range, val_acc, label='Validation Accuracy')
plt.legend(loc='lower right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Accuracy')

plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.plot(epochs_range, loss, label='Training Loss')
plt.plot(epochs_range, val_loss, label='Validation Loss')
plt.legend(loc='upper right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Loss')
plt.show()

在这里插入图片描述
可以看出，还是存在过拟合的问题的

6、保存和加载模型

# 保存模型
model.save('12.h5')

# 加载模型
new_model = tf.keras.models.load_model('12.h5')

7、验证模型

def vec2text(vec):
    """
    还原标签（向量->字符串）
    """
    text = []
    for i, c in enumerate(vec):
        text.append(char_set[c])
    return "".join(text)

plt.figure(figsize=(10, 8))            # 图形的宽为10高为8

for images, labels in val_ds.take(1):
    for i in range(6):
        ax = plt.subplot(5, 2, i + 1)  
        # 显示图片
        plt.imshow(images[i])

        # 需要给图片增加一个维度
        img_array = tf.expand_dims(images[i], 0) 

        # 使用模型预测验证码
        predictions = model.predict(img_array)
        plt.title(vec2text(np.argmax(predictions, axis=2)[0]))

        plt.axis("off")

在这里插入图片描述
准确率有待提高，刚刚训练完，其实就发现了过拟合的迹象，我会继续尝试调优，后续会发出解决过程。

完整源码

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 支持中文
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']  # 用来正常显示中文标签
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False  # 用来正常显示负号
import os,PIL,random,pathlib
# 设置随机种子尽可能使结果可以重现
import numpy as np
np.random.seed(1)
# 设置随机种子尽可能使结果可以重现
import tensorflow as tf
tf.random.set_seed(1)
data_dir = "./captcha"
data_dir = pathlib.Path(data_dir)
all_image_paths = list(data_dir.glob('*'))
all_image_paths = [str(path) for path in all_image_paths]

# print(all_image_paths)
# 打乱数据
random.shuffle(all_image_paths)

# 获取数据标签
# for p in all_image_paths:
#     print (p.split("\\")[1].split(".")[0])
all_label_names = [path.split("\\")[1].split(".")[0] for path in all_image_paths]
image_count = len(all_image_paths)
print("图片总数为：",image_count)

plt.figure(figsize=(10,5))

for i in range(20):
    plt.subplot(5,4,i+1)
    plt.xticks([])
    plt.yticks([])
    plt.grid(False)
    
    # 显示图片
    images = plt.imread(all_image_paths[i])
    plt.imshow(images)
    # 显示标签
    plt.xlabel(all_label_names[i])
plt.show()

number   = ['0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9']
alphabet = ['a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z']
char_set = number + alphabet
char_set_len = len(char_set)
label_name_len = len(all_label_names[0])


# 将字符串数字化
def text2vec(text):
    vector = np.zeros([label_name_len, char_set_len])
    for i, c in enumerate(text):
        idx = char_set.index(c)
        vector[i][idx] = 1.0
    return vector

all_labels = [text2vec(i) for i in all_label_names]
# all_labels


def preprocess_image(image):
    image = tf.image.decode_jpeg(image, channels=1)
    image = tf.image.resize(image, [50, 200])
    return image/255.0

def load_and_preprocess_image(path):
    image = tf.io.read_file(path)
    return preprocess_image(image)
AUTOTUNE = tf.data.experimental.AUTOTUNE

path_ds  = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices(all_image_paths)
image_ds = path_ds.map(load_and_preprocess_image, num_parallel_calls=AUTOTUNE)
label_ds = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices(all_labels)

image_label_ds = tf.data.Dataset.zip((image_ds, label_ds))
image_label_ds

train_ds = image_label_ds.take(1000)  # 前1000个batch
val_ds   = image_label_ds.skip(1000)  # 跳过前1000，选取后面的

BATCH_SIZE = 16

train_ds = train_ds.batch(BATCH_SIZE)
train_ds = train_ds.prefetch(buffer_size=AUTOTUNE)

val_ds = val_ds.batch(BATCH_SIZE)
val_ds = val_ds.prefetch(buffer_size=AUTOTUNE)
val_ds

from tensorflow.keras import datasets, layers, models

model = models.Sequential([
    
    layers.Conv2D(32, (3, 3), activation='relu', input_shape=(50, 200, 1)),#卷积层1，卷积核3*3
    layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)),                   #池化层1，2*2采样
    layers.Conv2D(64, (3, 3), activation='relu'),  #卷积层2，卷积核3*3
    layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)),                   #池化层2，2*2采样
    
    layers.Flatten(),                              #Flatten层，连接卷积层与全连接层
    layers.Dense(1000, activation='relu'),         #全连接层，特征进一步提取
    
    layers.Dense(label_name_len * char_set_len),
    layers.Reshape([label_name_len, char_set_len]),
    layers.Softmax()                               #输出层，输出预期结果
])
# 打印网络结构
model.summary()

model.compile(optimizer="adam",
              loss='categorical_crossentropy',
              metrics=['accuracy'])
epochs = 20

history = model.fit(
    train_ds,
    validation_data=val_ds,
    epochs=epochs
)


acc = history.history['accuracy']
val_acc = history.history['val_accuracy']

loss = history.history['loss']
val_loss = history.history['val_loss']

epochs_range = range(epochs)

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 4))
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)

plt.plot(epochs_range, acc, label='Training Accuracy')
plt.plot(epochs_range, val_acc, label='Validation Accuracy')
plt.legend(loc='lower right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Accuracy')

plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.plot(epochs_range, loss, label='Training Loss')
plt.plot(epochs_range, val_loss, label='Validation Loss')
plt.legend(loc='upper right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Loss')
plt.show()

# 保存模型
model.save('12.h5')
# 加载模型
new_model = tf.keras.models.load_model('12.h5')

# 验证
def vec2text(vec):
    """
    还原标签（向量->字符串）
    """
    text = []
    for i, c in enumerate(vec):
        text.append(char_set[c])
    return "".join(text)

plt.figure(figsize=(10, 8))            # 图形的宽为10高为8

for images, labels in val_ds.take(1):
    for i in range(6):
        ax = plt.subplot(5, 2, i + 1)  
        # 显示图片
        plt.imshow(images[i])

        # 需要给图片增加一个维度
        img_array = tf.expand_dims(images[i], 0) 

        # 使用模型预测验证码
        predictions = model.predict(img_array)
        plt.title(vec2text(np.argmax(predictions, axis=2)[0]))

        plt.axis("off")

学习日记

还存在准确率不高和过拟合的问题
我会继续尝试调优，后续会发调整过程
继续补充基础知识

​

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