刷算法——滑动窗口

滑动窗口

定义双指针，这个区间为窗口，不断变换窗口左右端的范围，满足题意条件时进行操作

滑动窗口类型题，大致思路：

class Solution {
    public int lengthOfLongestSubstring(String s) {
        Map<Character, Integer> need = new HashMap<Character, Integer>();
        Map<Character, Integer> window = new HashMap<Character, Integer>();
        // 窗口左右断点
        int left = 0, right = 0;
        //flag：所需字符串中某个字符总数与窗口内某个字符总数的数量相等时flag记录一次
        int flag = 0; 
        //int len = Integer.MAX_VALUE, start = 0;
        // 窗口右侧判断越界
        while (right < s.length()) {
            // 构造窗口字符数量计数器，进行更新等操作
            char cr = s.charAt(right);
            if (need.containsKey(cr)) {
                if (!window.containsKey(cr)) {
                    window.put(cr, 0);
                }
                window.put(s.charAt(right), window.get(s.charAt(right)) + 1);
            }
            //向右扩大窗口
            right++;

            //判断左侧窗口是否要收缩，while条件根据题意定
            while (window.get(s.charAt(right)) > 1) {
                // 减去窗口内该字符的一个数量
                char cl = s.charAt(left);
                window.put(cl, window.get(cl) - 1);
                left++;
            }
            ....
        }
        return ;
    }
}

⼒扣第 76 题「最⼩覆盖⼦串」

给你一个字符串 s 、一个字符串 t 。返回 s 中涵盖 t 所有字符的最小子串。如果 s 中不存在涵盖 t 所有字符的子串，则返回空字符串 "" 。

class Solution {
    public String minWindow(String s, String t) {
        Map<Character, Integer> need = new HashMap<Character, Integer>();
        Map<Character, Integer> window = new HashMap<Character, Integer>();
        // 构造所需字符数量计数器
        for (int i = 0; i < t.length(); i++) {
            if (!need.containsKey(t.charAt(i))) {
                need.put(t.charAt(i), 0);
            }
            need.put(t.charAt(i), need.get(t.charAt(i)) + 1);
        }
        // 窗口内判断
        int left = 0, right = 0, flag = 0, len = Integer.MAX_VALUE, start = 0;
        while (right < s.length()) {
            // 构造窗口字符数量计数器，并向右扩大窗口
            if (need.containsKey(s.charAt(right))) {
                if (!window.containsKey(s.charAt(right))) {
                    window.put(s.charAt(right), 0);
                }
                window.put(s.charAt(right), window.get(s.charAt(right)) + 1);
                if (window.get(s.charAt(right)).equals(need.get(s.charAt(right)))) {
                    flag++;
                }
            }
            right++;

            //flag中记录了need窗口中，每个字符所需数量已满足的个数，当flag==need.size()时，代表滑动窗口中字符与need中的字符相等
            while (flag == need.size()) {
                // 最小长度计算更新
                if (right - left < len) {
                    start = left;
                    len = right - left;
                }
                //对滑动窗口内的字符更新
                if (need.containsKey(s.charAt(left))) {
                    window.put(s.charAt(left), window.get(s.charAt(left)) - 1);
                    if (window.get(s.charAt(left)) < need.get(s.charAt(left))) {
                        flag--;
                    }
                }
                left++;
            }
        }
        return len == Integer.MAX_VALUE ? "" : s.substring(start, start + len);
    }
}
//runtime:22 ms
//memory:45.5 MB

⼒扣第 567 题「字符串的排列」

//leetcode submit region begin(Prohibit modification and deletion)
class Solution {
    public boolean checkInclusion(String s1, String s2) {
        Map<Character, Integer> need = new HashMap<Character, Integer>();
        Map<Character, Integer> window = new HashMap<Character, Integer>();
        //构造所需字符数量计数器
        for (int i = 0; i < s1.length(); i++) {
            if (!need.containsKey(s1.charAt(i))) {
                need.put(s1.charAt(i), 0);
            }
            need.put(s1.charAt(i), need.get(s1.charAt(i)) + 1);
        }
        //窗口内判断
        int left = 0, right = 0, flag = 0, len = Integer.MAX_VALUE, start = 0;
        //窗口右侧判断
        while (right < s2.length()) {
            char cr = s2.charAt(right);
            //构造窗口字符数量计数器，并向右扩大窗口
            if (need.containsKey(cr)) {
                if (!window.containsKey(cr)) {
                    window.put(cr, 0);
                }
                window.put(cr, window.get(cr) + 1);
                //窗口内某个字符数是否和所需的数量相等
                if (window.get(cr).equals(need.get(cr))) {
                    flag++;
                }
            }
            right++;

            //
            while (right - left >= s1.length()) {
                //
                if (flag == need.size()) {
                    return true;
                }
                char cl = s2.charAt(left);
                //判断左侧该字符是否是所需的,需要对滑动窗口进行维护
                if (need.containsKey(cl)) {
                    //需要先更新flag,再更新滑动窗口，否则会造成flag判断不准确
                    //窗口内某个字符数量可能大于所需数量，因此判断二者窗口内小于所需数量时再停止左侧窗口移动
                    if (window.get(cl).equals(need.get(cl))) {
                        flag--;
                    }
                    //减去窗口内该字符的一个数量
                    window.put(cl, window.get(cl) - 1);
                }
                left++;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
}
//leetcode submit region end(Prohibit modification and deletion)

⼒扣第 438 题「找到字符串中所有字⺟异位词」

//leetcode submit region begin(Prohibit modification and deletion)
class Solution {
    public List<Integer> findAnagrams(String s, String p) {


        Map<Character, Integer> need = new HashMap<Character, Integer>();
        Map<Character, Integer> window = new HashMap<Character, Integer>();
        //构造所需字符数量计数器
        for (int i = 0; i < p.length(); i++) {
            if (!need.containsKey(p.charAt(i))) {
                need.put(p.charAt(i), 0);
            }
            need.put(p.charAt(i), need.get(p.charAt(i)) + 1);
        }
        //窗口内判断
        int left = 0, right = 0, flag = 0, len = Integer.MAX_VALUE, start = 0;
        List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
        //窗口右侧判断
        while (right < s.length()) {
            char cr = s.charAt(right);
            //构造窗口字符数量计数器，并向右扩大窗口
            if (need.containsKey(cr)) {
                if (!window.containsKey(cr)) {
                    window.put(cr, 0);
                }
                window.put(cr, window.get(cr) + 1);
                //窗口内某个字符数是否和所需的数量相等
                if (window.get(cr).equals(need.get(cr))) {
                    flag++;
                }
            }
            right++;

            //
            while (right - left >= p.length()) {
                //
                if (flag == need.size()) {
                    list.add(left);
                }
                char cl = s.charAt(left);
                //判断左侧该字符是否是所需的
                if (need.containsKey(cl)) {
                    //窗口内某个字符数量可能大于所需数量，因此判断二者窗口内小于所需数量时再停止左侧窗口移动
                    if (window.get(cl).equals(need.get(cl))) {
                        flag--;
                    }
                    //减去窗口内该字符的一个数量
                    window.put(cl, window.get(cl) - 1);
                }
                left++;
            }
        }
        return list;
    }
}
//leetcode submit region end(Prohibit modification and deletion)

⼒扣第 3 题「⽆重复字符的最⻓⼦串」

class Solution {
    public int lengthOfLongestSubstring(String s) {
        Map<Character, Integer> window = new HashMap<Character, Integer>();
        // 窗口内判断
        int left = 0, right = 0, flag = 0, len = 0, start = 0;
        // 窗口右侧判断
        while (right < s.length()) {
            char cr = s.charAt(right);
            // 构造窗口字符数量计数器，并向右扩大窗口
            if (!window.containsKey(cr)) {
                window.put(cr, 0);
            }
            window.put(cr, window.get(cr) + 1);
            right++;
            //
            while (window.get(cr) > 1) {
                // 减去窗口内该字符的一个数量
                window.put(s.charAt(left), window.get(s.charAt(left)) - 1);
                left++;
            }
            len = len > (right - left) ? len : (right - left);
        }
        return len;
    }
}