简单电力系统的暂态稳定性计算(一)
1 系统建模
选取如图 1 所示的单机无穷大系统,分析在 f f f 点发生两相接地短路,通过线路两侧开 关 同时断开切除故障线路后, 系统的暂态稳定性。
图 1 单机无穷大系统图
发电机的参数: S G N = 352.5 M V ⋅ A , P G N = 300 M W , U G N = 10.5 k V , x d = 1 , x d ′ = 0.25 , x d ′ ′ = S_{G N}=352.5 \mathrm{MV} \cdot \mathrm{A}, P_{G N}=300 \mathrm{MW}, U_{G N}=10.5 \mathrm{kV}, x_{d}=1, x_{d}^{\prime}=0.25, x_{d}^{\prime \prime}= SGN=352.5MV⋅A,PGN=300MW,UGN=10.5kV,xd=1,xd′=0.25,xd′′= 0.252 , x q = 0.6 , x q ′ = 0.243 , x l = 0.18 , T d ′ = 1.01 , T d ′ ′ = 0.053 , T q 0 ′ ′ = 0.1 , R s = 0.0028 , H ( s ) = 0.252, x_{q}=0.6, x_{q}^{\prime}=0.243, x_{l}=0.18, T_{d}^{\prime}=1.01, T_{d}^{\prime \prime}=0.053, T_{q 0}^{\prime \prime}=0.1, R_{s}=0.0028, H(s)= 0.252,xq=0.6,xq′=0.243,xl=0.18,Td′=1.01,Td′′=0.053,Tq0′′=0.1,Rs=0.0028,H(s)= 4 s ; T J N = 8 s 4 \mathrm{~s} ; T_{J N}=8 \mathrm{~s} 4 s;TJN=8 s; 负序电抗: x 2 = 0.2 x_{2}=0.2 x2=0.2 。
变压器 T − 1 \mathrm{T}-1 T−1 的参数: S T N 1 = 360 M V ⋅ A , U S T 1 % = 14 % , k T 1 = 10.5 / 242 S_{T N 1}=360 \mathrm{MV} \cdot \mathrm{A}, U_{S T 1} \%=14 \%, k_{T 1}=10.5 / 242 STN1=360MV⋅A,UST1%=14%,kT1=10.5/242; 变压器 T − 2 \mathrm{T}-2 T−2 的 参数: S T N 2 = 360 M V ⋅ A , U S T 2 % = 14 % , k T 2 = 220 / 110 S_{T N 2}=360 \mathrm{MV} \cdot \mathrm{A}, U_{S T 2} \%=14 \%, k_{T 2}=220 / 110 STN2=360MV⋅A,UST2%=14%,kT2=220/110 。
线路的参数: l = 250 k m , U N = 220 k V , x L = 0.41 Ω / k m , r L = 0.07 Ω / k m l=250 \mathrm{~km}, U_{N}=220 \mathrm{kV}, x_{L}=0.41 \Omega / \mathrm{km}, r_{L}=0.07 \Omega / \mathrm{km} l=250 km,UN=220kV,xL=0.41Ω/km,rL=0.07Ω/km, 线路的零序电抗为 正序电抗的 5 倍。
运行条件为: U 0 = 115 k V , P 0 = 250 M W , cos φ 0 = 0.95 U_{0}=115 \mathrm{kV}, P_{0}=250 \mathrm{MW}, \cos \varphi_{0}=0.95 U0=115kV,P0=250MW,cosφ0=0.95 。
为使变压器不出现非标准电压比, 各段基准电压为
U B I I I = U B I I I k T 2 = 209.1 k V , U B I = U B I I I k T 1 = 9.07 k V U_{B I I I}=U_{B I I I} k_{\mathrm{T} 2}=209.1 \mathrm{kV}, U_{B \mathrm{I}}=U_{B I \mathrm{II}} k_{\mathrm{T} 1}=9.07 \mathrm{kV} UBIII=UBIIIkT2=209.1kV,UBI=UBIIIkT1=9.07kV
各元件参数归算后的标么值如下:
X d = 0.95 , X q = 0.57 , X d ′ = 0.238 , R L = 0.1 , X L = 0.586 , X L 0 = 5 X L = 2.93 , X T 1 = 0.13 X_{d}=0.95, X_{q}=0.57, X_{d}^{\prime}=0.238, R_{L}=0.1, X_{L}=0.586, X_{L 0}=5 X_{L}=2.93, X_{T 1}=0.13 Xd