pygame小游戏---外星人入侵

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-31 22:56:42 发布

降温vae+

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-31 22:56:42 发布

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分类专栏： python 文章标签： pygame python

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_49449205/article/details/120338711

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文章目录

引入pygame
源码介绍
游戏页面

引入pygame

这个小游戏使用的python游戏开发中常用的模块pygame。
我们可以直接在pycharm中下载。
在这里插入图片描述

源码介绍

alien_invasion.py

这是游戏的主程序，负责初始化游戏界面，以及加载游戏的循环。

import sys
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Group
from ET.setting import Setting
from ET.game_stats import GameStats
from ET.scoreboard import Scoreboard
from ET.button import Button
from ET.ship import Ship
from ET.alien import Alien
import ET.game_functions as gf


def run_game():
    # 初始化游戏并创建一个屏幕对象
    pygame.init()
    #设置大小和名称
    ai_setting = Setting()
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode(
        (ai_setting.screen_width,ai_setting.screen_height)
    )
    pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")

    # 创建Play按钮
    play_button = Button(ai_setting,screen,"Play")

    # 创建一个用于存储游戏统计信息的实例，并创建记分牌
    stats = GameStats(ai_setting)
    sb = Scoreboard(ai_setting,screen,stats)

    #创建一艘飞船
    ship = Ship(ai_setting,screen)

    #创建一个用于存储子弹的编组
    bullets = Group()
    #创建外星人群
    aliens = Group()
    gf.create_fleet(ai_setting,screen,ship,aliens)

    # 开始游戏的主循环
    while True:
        gf.check_events(ai_setting,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets)

        if stats.game_active:
            ship.update()
            gf.update_bullets(ai_setting,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
            gf.update_aliens(ai_setting,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
        gf.update_screen(ai_setting,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets,play_button)
run_game()

alien.py

外星人类：初始化外星人的位置以及加载原图像等其他设置。

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Alien(Sprite):
    """表示单个外星人的类"""

    def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):
        """初始化外星人并设置其他起始位置"""
        super(Alien, self).__init__()
        self.screen  =screen
        self.ai_settings = ai_settings

        # 加载外星人图像，并设置其他rect属性
        self.image = pygame.image.load('images/et.bmp')
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()

        # 每个外星人最初都在屏幕左上角附近
        self.rect.x = self.rect.width
        self.rect.y = self.rect.height

        # 存储外星人的准确位置
        self.x = float(self.rect.x)

    def blitme(self):
        """在指定位置绘制外星人"""
        self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)

    def update(self):
        """向左或向右移动外星人"""
        self.x +=(self.ai_settings.alien_speed_factor*self.ai_settings.fleet_direction)
        self.rect.x = self.x

    def check_edges(self):
        """如果外星人位于屏幕边缘，就返回True"""
        screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
        if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right:
            return True
        elif self.rect.left <=0:
            return True

bullet.py

子弹类：对飞船发射的子弹进行管理，包括位置，图像，以及更新。

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Bullet(Sprite):
    """一个对飞船发射的子弹进行管理的类"""

    def __init__(self,ai_settings,screnn,ship):
        """在飞船所处的位置创建一个子弹对象"""
        super(Bullet,self).__init__()
        self.screnn = screnn

        # 在（0，0）处创建一个子弹的举行，再设置正确的位置
        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,ai_settings.bullet_width,ai_settings.bullet_height)
        self.rect.centerx = ship.rect.centerx
        self.rect.top = ship.rect.top

        # 存储用小数表示的子弹位置
        self.y = float(self.rect.y)

        self.color = ai_settings.bullet_color
        self.speed_factor = ai_settings.bullet_speed_factor

    def update(self):
        """向上移动子弹"""
        #更新表示子弹位置的小数值
        self.y -= self.speed_factor
        #更新表示子弹的rect的位置
        self.rect.y = self.y

    def draw_bullet(self):
        """在屏幕上绘制子弹"""
        pygame.draw.rect(self.screnn,self.color,self.rect)

button.py

按钮类，负责初始化“play”按钮，以及更新

import pygame.font
class Button():

    def __init__(self,ai_srettings,screen,msg):
        """初始化按钮的属性"""
        self.screen = screen
        self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()

        # 设置按钮的尺寸和其他属性
        self.width,self.height = 200,50
        self.button_color = (0,255,0)
        self.text_color = (255,255,255)
        self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)

        # 创建按钮的rect对象，并使其居中
        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,self.width,self.height)
        self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center

        # 按钮的标签只需要创建一次
        self.prep_msg(msg)

    def prep_msg(self,msg):
        """将msg渲染为图像，并使其在按钮上居中"""
        self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg,True,self.text_color,self.button_color)
        self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()
        self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center

    def draw_button(self):
        # 绘制一个用颜色填充的按钮，再绘制文本
        self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect)
        self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)

game_functions.py

对游戏中所有的事件进行管理的类，这是这个游戏中最繁忙的类。

import sys
import pygame
from ET.bullet import Bullet
from ET.alien import Alien
from time import sleep
import ET.button
import ET.setting
import ET.scoreboard

def get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien_width):
    """计算每行可容纳多少个外星人"""
    available_space_x = ai_settings.screen_width - 2 * alien_width
    number_aliens_x = int(available_space_x / (2 * alien_width))
    return number_aliens_x

def get_number_rows(ai_settings,ship_height,alien_height):
    """计算屏幕可容纳多少个外星人"""
    available_space_y = (ai_settings.screen_height-(3*alien_height)-ship_height)
    number_rows = int(available_space_y/(2*alien_height))
    return number_rows

def create_alien(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number):
    """创建一个外星人放在当前行"""
    alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen)
    alien_width = alien.rect.width
    alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number
    alien.rect.x = alien.x
    alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height+2*alien.rect.height*row_number
    aliens.add(alien)

def create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens):
    """创建外星人群"""
    # 创建一个外星人，计算一行可以容纳多少个
    # 外星人间距为外星人宽度

    alien = Alien(ai_settings,screen)
    number_aliens_x = get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien.rect.width)
    number_rows = get_number_rows(ai_settings,ship.rect.height,alien.rect.height)

    # 创建外星人群
    for row_number in range(number_rows):
        for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
            create_alien(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number)

def check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
    """响应按键"""
    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
        # 向右移动飞船
        ship.moving_right = True
    elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
        ship.moving_left = True
    elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
        fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
    elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
        sys.exit()

def fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
    """如果还没有到达限制，就发射一颗子弹"""
    #创建新子弹，并将其加入到编组bullets中
    if len(bullets) < ai_settings.bullets_allowed:
        new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship)
        bullets.add(new_bullet)

def check_keyup_events(event,ship):
    """"响应松开"""
    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
        ship.moving_right = False
    elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
        ship.moving_left = False

def check_events(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets):
    """响应案件和鼠标事件"""
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            sys.exit()
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
            check_keyup_events(event,ship)
        elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
            mouse_x,mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
            check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets,mouse_x,mouse_y)

def check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets,mouse_x,mouse_y):
    """在玩家单机Play按钮时开始新游戏"""
    button_cliked = play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)
    if button_cliked and not stats.game_active:
        # 重置游戏设置
        ai_settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()

        # 隐藏光标
        pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
        # 重置游戏信息
        stats.reset_stats()
        stats.game_active = True

        #重置计分图像
        sb.prep_score()
        sb.prep_high_score()
        sb.prep_level()
        sb.prep_ships()

        # 清空外星人列表和子弹列表
        aliens.empty()
        bullets.empty()

        # 创建一群新的外星人，并让飞船居中
        create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
        ship.center_ship()

def update_screen(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets,play_button):
    """更新屏幕上的图像，并切换到新屏幕"""
    # 每次循环时重绘屏幕
    screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)

    # 在飞船和外星人后面重绘所有子弹
    for bullet in bullets.sprites():
        bullet.draw_bullet()
    ship.blitme()
    aliens.draw(screen)

    sb.show_score()

    # 如果游戏处于非活动状态，就绘制Play按钮
    if not  stats.game_active:
        play_button.draw_button()

    # 让最近绘制的屏幕可见
    pygame.display.flip()

def update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
    """更新子弹的位置，并删除已消失的子弹"""
    # 更新子弹的位置
    bullets.update()

    #  # 删除已经消失的子弹
    for bullet in bullets.copy():
        if bullet.rect.bottom<=0:
            bullets.remove(bullet)

    check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)



def check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
    """响应子弹和外星人的碰撞"""
    # 删除发生碰撞的子弹和外星人
    collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets, aliens, True, True)

    if collisions:
        for aliens in collisions.values():
            stats.score +=ai_settings.alien_points*len(aliens)
            sb.prep_score()

    check_high_score(stats, sb)

    if len(aliens) == 0:
        # 删除现有的子弹并新建一群外星人
        bullets.empty()
        ai_settings.increase_speed()

        # 提高等级
        stats.level +=1
        sb.prep_level()

        create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)


def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens):
    """有外星人到达边缘时采取相应的措施"""
    for alien in aliens.sprites():
        if alien.check_edges():
            change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens)
            break

def change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens):
    """将整群外星人向下移动，并改变它们的方向"""
    for alien in aliens.sprites():
        alien.rect.y += ai_settings.fleet_drop_speed
    ai_settings.fleet_direction *= -1

def ship_hit(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bulltes):
    """响应被外星人撞到的飞船"""
    if stats.ship_left>0:
        # 将ship_left减1
        stats.ship_left -=1

        #更新记分牌
        sb.prep_ships()

        # 清空外星人列表和子弹列表
        aliens.empty()
        bulltes.empty()

        # 创建一群新的外星人，并将飞船放到屏幕底端中央
        create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
        ship.center_ship()

        # 暂停
        sleep(0.5)
    else:
        stats.game_active = False
        pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)

def check_aliens_bootom(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
    """检查是否有外星人到达了屏幕底端"""
    screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
    for aline in aliens.sprites():
        if aline.rect.bottom>=screen_rect.bottom:
            # 像飞船被撞到一样进行处理
            ship_hit(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
            break

def update_aliens(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
    """更新外星人群中所有外星人的位置"""
    check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens)
    aliens.update()

    # 检测外星人和飞船之间的碰撞
    if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship,aliens):
        ship_hit(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)

    # 检查是否有外星人到达屏幕底端
    check_aliens_bootom(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)

def check_high_score(stats,sb):
    """检查是否诞生了新的最高分"""
    if stats.score > stats.high_score:
        stats.high_score = stats.score
        sb.prep_high_score()

game_stats.py

对游戏的信息进行统计，包括积分，游戏状态等。

class GameStats():
    """跟踪游戏的统计信息"""

    def __init__(self,ai_settings):
        """初始化统计信息"""
        self.ai_settings = ai_settings
        self.reset_stats()

        # 在任何情况下都不应该重置最高得分
        self.high_score = 0
        self.level = 1
        # 让游戏一开始处于非活动状态
        self.game_active = False
    def reset_stats(self):
        """初始化在游戏运行期间可能变化的统计信息"""
        self.ship_left = self.ai_settings.ship_limit
        self.score = 0

scoreboard.py

计分板：负责显示得分信息以及字体设置

import pygame.font
from pygame.sprite import Group
from ET.ship import Ship

class Scoreboard():
    """显示得分信息的类"""

    def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,stats):
        """初始化显示得分涉及的属性"""
        self.screen = screen
        self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
        self.ai_settings = ai_settings
        self.stats = stats

        # 显示得分信息时使用的字体设置
        self.text_color = (30,30,30)
        self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)

        # 准备初始得分图像和最高得分
        self.prep_score()
        self.prep_high_score()
        self.prep_level()
        self.prep_ships()

    def prep_level(self):
        """将等级转化为渲染的图像"""
        self.level_image = self.font.render(str(self.stats.level),True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)

        # 将等级放在得分下方
        self.level_rect = self.level_image.get_rect()
        self.level_rect.right = self.score_rect.right
        self.level_rect.top = self.score_rect.bottom+10

    def prep_score(self):
        """将得分转换为一副渲染的图形"""
        rounded_score = int(round(self.stats.score,-1))
        score_str = "{:,}".format(rounded_score)
        self.score_image = self.font.render(score_str,True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)

        # 将得分放在屏幕右上角
        self.score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()
        self.score_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right-20
        self.score_rect.top = 20

    def show_score(self):
        """在屏幕上显示得分和飞船"""
        self.screen.blit(self.score_image,self.score_rect)
        self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image,self.high_score_rect)
        self.screen.blit(self.level_image,self.level_rect)

        # 绘制飞船
        self.ships.draw(self.screen)

    def prep_high_score(self):
        """将最高分转化为渲染的图像"""
        high_score = int(round(self.stats.high_score,-1))
        high_score_str = "{:,}".format(high_score)
        self.high_score_image = self.font.render(high_score_str,True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)

        # 将最高分放在屏幕顶部中央
        self.high_score_rect = self.high_score_image.get_rect()
        self.high_score_rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
        self.high_score_rect.top = self.score_rect.top

    def prep_ships(self):
        """显示还剩下多少飞船"""
        self.ships = Group()
        for ship_number in range(self.stats.ship_left):
            ship = Ship(self.ai_settings,self.screen)
            ship.rect.x = 10 + ship_number * ship.rect.width
            ship.rect.y = 10
            self.ships.add(ship)

setting.py

设置类：存储游戏各个类的设置，如飞船大小，外星人大小，子弹位置等等。

class Setting():
    """存储《外星人入侵》的所有设置的类"""

    def __init__(self):
        """初始化游戏的设置"""
        # 屏幕设置
        self.screen_width = 1200
        self.screen_height = 800
        self.bg_color = (230,230,230)

        # 飞船设置
        self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5
        self.ship_limit = 3

        # 子弹设置
        self.bullet_speed_factor = 3
        self.bullet_width = 800
        self.bullet_height = 10
        self.bullet_color = 60,60,60
        self.bullets_allowed = 3

        # 外星人设置
        self.fleet_drop_speed = 1

        # 以什么样的速度加快游戏节奏
        self.speedup_scale = 1.1
        # 外星人点数的提高速度
        self.score_scale = 1.5

        self.initialize_dynamic_settings()

    def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):
        """初始化随游戏进行而变化的设置"""
        self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5
        self.bullet_speed_factor = 3
        self.alien_speed_factor = 1

        # fleet_direction为1表示向右，为-1表示向左
        self.fleet_direction = 1

        # 计分
        self.alien_points = 50

    def increase_speed(self):
        """提高速度设置和点数"""
        self.ship_speed_factor *=self.speedup_scale
        self.bullet_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
        self.alien_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale

        self.alien_points = int(self.alien_points*self.score_scale)
        print(self.alien_points)

ship.py

飞船类：初始化飞船设置，以及负责更新等

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Ship(Sprite):

    def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):
        """初始化飞船并设置其初始位置"""
        super(Ship,self).__init__()
        self.screen = screen
        self.ai_settings = ai_settings

        # 加载飞船图像并获取其外接矩形
        self.image = pygame.image.load('images/ship2.bmp')
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()

        # 将每艘飞船放在屏幕底部中央
        self.rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
        self.rect.bottom = self.screen_rect.bottom

        # 在飞船的属性center中存储小数值
        self.center = float(self.rect.centerx)

        # 移动标志
        self.moving_right = False
        self.moving_left = False

    def update(self):
        """根据移动标志调整飞船的位置"""
        if self.moving_right and self.rect.right<self.screen_rect.right:
            self.center +=self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
        if self.moving_left and self.rect.left>0:
            self.center -=self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor

        # 根据self.centerx更新对象
        self.rect.centerx = self.center

    def blitme(self):
        """在指定位置绘制飞船"""
        self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)

    def center_ship(self):
        """让飞船在屏幕上居中"""
        self.center = self.screen_rect.centerx