目录
一、Hystrix是什么
Hystrix是一个用于处理分布式系统的延迟和容错的开源库,在分布式系统里,许多依赖不可避免的会调用失败,比如超时、异常等,Hystrix能够保证在一个依赖出问题的情况下,不会导致整体服务失败,避免级联故障,以提高分布式系统的弹性。
二、Hystrix能做什么
1、服务降级
服务器忙,请稍后再试,不让客户端等待并立刻返回一个友好提示fallback。
2、服务熔断
类比保险丝达到最大服务访问后,直接拒绝访问,拉闸限电,然后调用服务降级的方法并返回友好提示。
3、服务限流
秒杀高并发等操作,严禁一窝蜂拥挤,大家排队,一秒钟N个,有序进行。
三、Hystrix怎么用
1、创建模块
创建普通maven模块cloud-provider-hystrix-payment8001
2、修改pom文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>cloud</artifactId>
<groupId>com.shang.cloud</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>cloud-provider-hystrix-payment8001</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!--hystrix-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--eureka client-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--web-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency><!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包,可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
<groupId>com.shang.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
</project>
3、编写yml文件
server:
port: 8001
spring:
application:
name: cloud-provider-hystrix-payment
eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: true
fetch-registry: true
service-url:
#集群版
#defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka
#单机版
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka
4、编写主启动类
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class PaymentHystrixMain8001 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(PaymentHystrixMain8001.class, args);
}
}
5、编写逻辑代码
(1)service
@Service
public class PaymentService {
/**
* 正常访问,肯定OK
* @param id
* @return
*/
public String paymentInfo_OK(Integer id) {
return "线程池: "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" paymentInfo_OK,id: "+id+"\t"+"O(∩_∩)O哈哈~";
}
public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(Integer id) {
//int age = 10/0;
try {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return "线程池: "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" id: "+id+"\t"+"O(∩_∩)O哈哈~"+" 耗时(秒): ";
}
}
(2)controller
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController {
@Autowired
private PaymentService paymentService;
@Value("${server.port}")
private String serverPort;
@GetMapping(value = "/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
public String paymentInfo_OK(@PathVariable(value = "id") Integer id){
String result = paymentService.paymentInfo_OK(id);
log.info("=======result:"+result);
return result;
}
@GetMapping(value = "/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable(value = "id") Integer id){
String result = paymentService.paymentInfo_TimeOut(id);
log.info("=======result:"+result);
return result;
}
}
6、运行测试
在地址栏中输入
http://localhost:8001/payment/hystrix/ok/1
这是我们编写的正常服务
能够正常访问
再访问 http://localhost:8001/payment/hystrix/timeout/1
这是我们模拟的超时服务
3秒后,成功访问。