Linux终端无法显示文件的颜色

1.问题说明

• 在用SSH远程访问程序（Xshell，SecureCRT等等）访问服务器时，输入ls命令查看文件目录。所有的文件目录都是一个颜色，没有颜色区分，这对于操作文件而言太过难受了！！！
• 显示情况如下，其中的miniconda3等文件都是属于目录文件，应该要有相应的颜色的！

2.问题分析及解决

在查找了数篇博客后发现，这是由于用户家目录下没有.bashrc文件或者说.bashrc文件未生效。

下面正式进入解决该问题的步骤：

1. 查看自己的家目录下是否有.bashrc文件，可输入以下命令查看。注：首先cd进入家目录，而后才用ls命令查看。

2. 上图可见，其实我是有.bashrc文件。但是不妨打开看看跟其他人的一样不一样！输入以下命令打开：

vim .bashrc

• 打开后如下图所示。这是我的.bashrc文件中的内容，其实相较于正常用户的.bashrc文件，是缺少了极大部分内容的。（后面发现，其实我本是没有.bashrc文件的，但是因为我装了miniconda，在安装miniconda的时候给需要将miniconda的环境配置写入.bashrc文件，所以系统给我创建了一个仅仅只含了miniconda环境的.bashrc文件）

• 正常用户的.bashrc文件（节选）如下图所示。显然，两相对比，肯定不对。

3. 因此解决方式其实很简单，从正常用户那里copy一个到自己的家目录下就好。但要注意一点：比如说我的.bashrc文件其实本身有东西，将别人的.bashrc文件copy过来后，还需要把我原来文件中的内容写入到.bashrc文件中。正常的.bashrc文件内容可见附录，不太方便操作的可以直接创建.bashrc文件后复制进去即可。
4. 经过一系列操作（编辑.bashrc文件，覆盖原文件等等，具体操作命令可自行搜索，反正就是替换掉原来的文件。但要是你原先没有.bashrc文件，只需要复制粘贴到家目录下就好了。）接下来还需要重新启用.bashrc文件，输入以下命令更新即可：

source ~/.bashrc

• 最终的结果如下图，可以看到原先为目录的文件已经有颜色了！大功告成！
  

附录（正常.bashrc文件）

# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
# see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files (in the package bash-doc)
# for examples

# If not running interactively, don't do anything
case $- in
    *i*) ;;
      *) return;;
esac

# don't put duplicate lines or lines starting with space in the history.
# See bash(1) for more options
HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth

# append to the history file, don't overwrite it
shopt -s histappend

# for setting history length see HISTSIZE and HISTFILESIZE in bash(1)
HISTSIZE=1000
HISTFILESIZE=2000

# check the window size after each command and, if necessary,
# update the values of LINES and COLUMNS.
shopt -s checkwinsize

# If set, the pattern "**" used in a pathname expansion context will
# match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.
#shopt -s globstar

# make less more friendly for non-text input files, see lesspipe(1)
[ -x /usr/bin/lesspipe ] && eval "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)"

# set variable identifying the chroot you work in (used in the prompt below)
if [ -z "${debian_chroot:-}" ] && [ -r /etc/debian_chroot ]; then
    debian_chroot=$(cat /etc/debian_chroot)
fi

# set a fancy prompt (non-color, unless we know we "want" color)
case "$TERM" in
    xterm-color|*-256color) color_prompt=yes;;
esac

# uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned
# off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window
# should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt
#force_color_prompt=yes

if [ -n "$force_color_prompt" ]; then
    if [ -x /usr/bin/tput ] && tput setaf 1 >&/dev/null; then
	# We have color support; assume it's compliant with Ecma-48
	# (ISO/IEC-6429). (Lack of such support is extremely rare, and such
	# a case would tend to support setf rather than setaf.)
	color_prompt=yes
    else
	color_prompt=
    fi
fi

if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi
unset color_prompt force_color_prompt

# If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir
case "$TERM" in
xterm*|rxvt*)
    PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1"
    ;;
*)
    ;;
esac

# enable color support of ls and also add handy aliases
if [ -x /usr/bin/dircolors ]; then
    test -r ~/.dircolors && eval "$(dircolors -b ~/.dircolors)" || eval "$(dircolors -b)"
    alias ls='ls --color=auto'
    #alias dir='dir --color=auto'
    #alias vdir='vdir --color=auto'

    alias grep='grep --color=auto'
    alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
    alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
fi

# colored GCC warnings and errors
#export GCC_COLORS='error=01;31:warning=01;35:note=01;36:caret=01;32:locus=01:quote=01'

# some more ls aliases
alias ll='ls -alF'
alias la='ls -A'
alias l='ls -CF'

# Add an "alert" alias for long running commands.  Use like so:
#   sleep 10; alert
alias alert='notify-send --urgency=low -i "$([ $? = 0 ] && echo terminal || echo error)" "$(history|tail -n1|sed -e '\''s/^\s*[0-9]\+\s*//;s/[;&|]\s*alert$//'\'')"'

# Alias definitions.
# You may want to put all your additions into a separate file like
# ~/.bash_aliases, instead of adding them here directly.
# See /usr/share/doc/bash-doc/examples in the bash-doc package.

if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then
    . ~/.bash_aliases
fi

# enable programmable completion features (you don't need to enable
# this, if it's already enabled in /etc/bash.bashrc and /etc/profile
# sources /etc/bash.bashrc).
if ! shopt -oq posix; then
  if [ -f /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then
    . /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
  elif [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
    . /etc/bash_completion
  fi
fi

感谢以下作者提供的帮助：

1. ubuntu终端显示内容颜色问题及解决办法
2. Ubuntu新用户恢复文件和目录颜色