题目: 在一个未排序的数组中,找到第 k 大的数字。
输入: [3,2,1,5,6,4] and k = 2
输出: 5
方法一: 快速排序
class Solution {
public:
int quickSelect(vector<int>& a, int l, int r, int index) {
int q = randomPartition(a, l, r);
if (q == index) {
return a[q];
} else {
return q < index ? quickSelect(a, q + 1, r, index) : quickSelect(a, l, q - 1, index);
}
}
inline int randomPartition(vector<int>& a, int l, int r) {
int i = rand() % (r - l + 1) + l;
swap(a[i], a[r]);
return partition(a, l, r);
}
inline int partition(vector<int>& a, int l, int r) {
int x = a[r], i = l - 1;
for (int j = l; j < r; ++j) {
if (a[j] <= x) {
swap(a[++i], a[j]);
}
}
swap(a[i + 1], a[r]);
return i + 1;
}
int findKthLargest(vector<int>& nums, int k) {
srand(time(0));
return quickSelect(nums, 0, nums.size() - 1, nums.size() - k);
}
};
复杂度分析
时间复杂度: O(n)
空间复杂度: O(logn),递归使用栈空间的空间代价的期望
方法二: 堆排序
class Solution {
public:
void maxHeapify(vector<int>& a, int i, int heapSize) {
int l = i * 2 + 1, r = i * 2 + 2, largest = i;
if (l < heapSize && a[l] > a[largest]) {
largest = l;
}
if (r < heapSize && a[r] > a[largest]) {
largest = r;
}
if (largest != i) {
swap(a[i], a[largest]);
maxHeapify(a, largest, heapSize);
}
}
void buildMaxHeap(vector<int>& a, int heapSize) {
for (int i = heapSize / 2; i >= 0; --i) {
maxHeapify(a, i, heapSize);
}
}
int findKthLargest(vector<int>& nums, int k) {
int heapSize = nums.size();
buildMaxHeap(nums, heapSize);
for (int i = nums.size() - 1; i>= nums.size() - k + 1; --i) {
swap(nums[0], nums[i]);
--heapSize;
maxHeapify(nums, 0, heapSize);
}
return nums[0];
}
};
复杂度分析
时间复杂度: O(nlogn)
空间复杂度: O(logn)
方法三: 快速选择
class Solution {
public:
// 主函数
int findKthLargest(vector<int>& nums, int k) {
int l = 0, r = nums.size() - 1, target = nums.size() - k;
while (l < r) {
int mid = quickSelection(nums, l, r);
if (mid == target) {
return nums[mid];
}
if (mid < target) {
l = mid + 1;
} else {
r = mid - 1;
}
}
return nums[l];
}
// 辅函数
int quickSelection(vector<int>& nums, int l, int r) {
int i = l + 1, j = r;
while (true) {
while (i < r && nums[i] <= nums[l]) {
++i;
}
while (l < j && nums[j] >= nums[l]) {
--j;
}
if (i >= j) {
break;
}
swap(nums[i], nums[j]);
}
swap(nums[l], nums[j]);
return j;
}
};