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最新推荐文章于 2024-06-13 17:50:44 发布

SAKURA✿

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-13 17:50:44 发布

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分类专栏： Android麻了麻了文章标签： android jetpack java android

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_50639018/article/details/122633162

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ViewModel

ViewModel 类旨在以注重生命周期的方式存储和管理界面相关的数据。ViewModel 类让数据可在发生屏幕旋转等配置更改后继续留存。
它和onSaveInstanceState方法相比更有优势，因为onSaveInstanceState方法只不适合大量数据的恢复操作，只能恢复少量并且被序列化和反序列化的数据，而ViewModel不仅支持大量数据，还不需要序列化、反序列化操作。

生命周期

在这里插入图片描述

MainActivity

public class  MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    MyViewModel myViewModel;
    TextView textView;
    Button button1;
    Button button2;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        textView = findViewById(R.id.textView);
        button1 = findViewById(R.id.button);
        button2 = findViewById(R.id.button2);
        //使用ViewwModel
        myViewModel = ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(MyViewModel.class);
        textView.setText(String.valueOf(myViewModel.number));
        button1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                myViewModel.number++;
                textView.setText(String.valueOf(myViewModel.number));
               
        });
        button2.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                myViewModel.number+=2;
                textView.setText(String.valueOf(myViewModel.number));              
        });
    }
}

MyViewModel

package com.example.studyui;

import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel;

public class MyViewModel extends ViewModel {
    public int number;

    public int getNumber() {
        return number;
    }

    public void setNumber(int number) {
        this.number = number;
    }
}

LiveData

使用LiveData优点：

保证用户界面与数据状态匹配
LiveData遵循观察者模式。在生命周期状态更改时LiveData会通知Observer对象。您可以升级代码在observer对象中更新UI，不必每次数据改变时手动更新UI，观察者可以在每次更改时更新UI。
没有内存泄漏
观察者与Lifecycle对象绑定，并在具有生命周期的对象被destroyed后自行清理。
停止activities不会导致崩溃
如果观察者的生命周期处于非活动状态，例如在后退堆栈中的活动，则不会收到任何LiveData事件。
无需手动处理生命周期
UI组件只是观察相关数据，不会停止或恢复观察。LiveData自动管理所有这些操作，因为在观察时它实时响应相关的生命周期状态的变化。
始终保持最新的数据
如果生命周期变为非活动状态，它将在再次变为活动状态时接收到最新的数据。例如，后台活动在返回到前台后立即收到最新数据。
正确的配置更改
如果由于配置更改（如设备旋转）而重新创建活动或片段，则会立即收到最新的可用数据。
共享资源
可以使用单例模式来扩展LiveData对象来包装系统服务，以便它们可以在应用程序中共享。LiveData对象一旦连接到系统服务，然后其他任何需要系统资源的观察者只需要观看该LiveData 对象就可以。

MainActivity

public class  MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    MyViewModel myViewModel;
    ViewModelWithLifeData viewModelWithLifeData;
    TextView textView;
    Button button1;
    Button button2;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        textView = findViewById(R.id.textView);
        button1 = findViewById(R.id.button);
        button2 = findViewById(R.id.button2);
        //使用ViewwModel
        //myViewModel = ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(MyViewModel.class);
        //textView.setText(String.valueOf(myViewModel.number));
        //使用LifeData,绑定控制器
        viewModelWithLifeData = ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(ViewModelWithLifeData.class);
        viewModelWithLifeData.getLikedData().observe(this, new Observer<Integer>() {
            @Override
            public void onChanged(Integer integer) {
                textView.setText(String.valueOf(integer));
            }
        });

        button1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
//                myViewModel.number++;
//                textView.setText(String.valueOf(myViewModel.number));
                viewModelWithLifeData.addLikedData(1);
            }
        });
        button2.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
//                myViewModel.number+=2;
//                textView.setText(String.valueOf(myViewModel.number));
                viewModelWithLifeData.addLikedData(-1);
            }
        });
    }
}

ViewModelWithLifeData

package com.example.studyui;

import androidx.lifecycle.MutableLiveData;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel;

public class ViewModelWithLifeData extends ViewModel {

    private MutableLiveData<Integer> LikedData;

    public MutableLiveData<Integer> getLikedData() {
//        if (LikedData == null){
//            LikedData = new MutableLiveData<>();
//            LikedData.setValue(0);
//        }
        return LikedData;
    }

    ViewModelWithLifeData(){
        LikedData = new MutableLiveData<>();
        LikedData.setValue(0);
    }
    public void addLikedData(int n){
        LikedData.setValue(LikedData.getValue()+n);
    }

}

DataBanding数据绑定

在这里插入图片描述

绑定

activity_main

在gradle中添加最后一句：
在这里插入图片描述
然后切换至binding layout:

然后就会变成这样：

MainActivity

public class  MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    MyViewModel myViewModel;
    ViewModelWithLifeData viewModelWithLifeData;
    //TextView textView;
    //Button button1;
    //Button button2;
    ActivityMainBinding binding;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        //setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        //无需findviewbyid,直接会绑定到ActivityMainBinding对象里
        binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this,R.layout.activity_main);

        //textView = findViewById(R.id.textView);
        //button1 = findViewById(R.id.button);
        //button2 = findViewById(R.id.button2);
        //使用ViewwModel
        myViewModel = ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(MyViewModel.class);
        //textView.setText(String.valueOf(myViewModel.number));
        //DataBinding
        myViewModel.getNumber().observe(this, new Observer<Integer>() {
            @Override
            public void onChanged(Integer integer) {
                binding.textView.setText(String.valueOf(integer));
            }
        });
        //使用LifeData,绑定控制器
//        viewModelWithLifeData = ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(ViewModelWithLifeData.class);
//        viewModelWithLifeData.getLikedData().observe(this, new Observer<Integer>() {
//            @Override
//            public void onChanged(Integer integer) {
//                textView.setText(String.valueOf(integer));
//            }
//        });

        binding.button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
//                myViewModel.number++;
//                textView.setText(String.valueOf(myViewModel.number));
                //viewModelWithLifeData.addLikedData(1);
                myViewModel.add();
            }
        });
        binding.button2.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
//                myViewModel.number+=2;
//                textView.setText(String.valueOf(myViewModel.number));
                viewModelWithLifeData.addLikedData(-1);
            }
        });
    }
}

反向绑定

activity_main

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">

    <data>
        <variable
            name="data"
            type="com.example.studyui.MyViewModel" />
    </data>

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        tools:context=".MainActivity">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/textView"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            //回绑更新数据
            android:text="@{String.valueOf(data.number)}"
            android:textSize="24sp"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.498"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.217" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/button"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="好评"
            //呼叫函数
            android:onClick="@{()->data.add()}"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.2"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.4" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/button2"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="差评"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.8"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.4" />
    </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
</layout>

MainActivity

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);      
        binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this,R.layout.activity_main);
        myViewModel = ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(MyViewModel.class);
        binding.setData(myViewModel);
        binding.setLifecycleOwner(this);
}

ViewModelSavedState

打开Don’t…选项，模拟进入后台即杀死程序
在这里插入图片描述

方法1

MainActivity

 @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this,R.layout.activity_main);
        myViewModel = ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(MyViewModel.class);
        if(savedInstanceState!=null){
            //将数据取出放入KEY_NUMBER
            myViewModel.getNumber().setValue(savedInstanceState.getInt(KEY_NUMBER));
        }
        binding.setData(myViewModel);
        binding.setLifecycleOwner(this);

    @Override
    public void onSaveInstanceState(@NonNull Bundle outState, @NonNull PersistableBundle outPersistentState) {
        super.onSaveInstanceState(outState, outPersistentState);
        outState.putInt(KEY_NUMBER,myViewModel.getNumber().getValue());

方法2

在MyViewModel类中添加SavedStateHandle类对象，用此对象提供数据

MyViewModel

public class MyViewModel extends ViewModel {
    /*public int number;

    public int getNumber() {
        return number;
    }

    public void setNumber(int number) {
        this.number = number;
    }*/

    private MutableLiveData<Integer> number;
    private  SavedStateHandle handle;
    public MyViewModel(SavedStateHandle handle){
        this.handle = handle;
    }
    public MutableLiveData<Integer> getNumber(){
        /*if(number == null){
            number = new MutableLiveData<>();
            number.setValue(0);
        }
        return  number;*/
        if(!handle.contains(MainActivity.KEY_NUMBER)){
            handle.set(MainActivity.KEY_NUMBER,0);
        }
        return handle.getLiveData(MainActivity.KEY_NUMBER);
    }

    public void add(){
        //number.setValue(number.getValue()+1);
        getNumber().setValue(getNumber().getValue()+1);
    }
}

能访问SharedPerferences的ViewModel

导包：

implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-extensions:2.2.0-rc02'

MainActivity

ublic class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    MyViewModel myViewModel;
    ActivityMainBinding binding;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        //myViewModel.application = getApplication();
        binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_main);
        myViewModel = ViewModelProviders.of(this, new SavedStateViewModelFactory(getApplication(), this)).get(MyViewModel.class);
        binding.setData(myViewModel);
        binding.setLifecycleOwner(this);
        myViewModel.load();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        myViewModel.save();
    }
}

MyViewModel

public class MyViewModel extends AndroidViewModel {
    Application application;
    SavedStateHandle handle;
    String key = getApplication().getResources().getString(R.string.data_key);
    String shpName = getApplication().getResources().getString(R.string.shp_name);
    public MyViewModel(@NonNull Application application, SavedStateHandle handel) {
        super(application);
        this.handle = handel;
        if(!handel.contains(key)){
            load();
        }
    }

    public LiveData<Integer> getNumber(){
        return handle.getLiveData(key);
    }

    public void load() {
        SharedPreferences shp = getApplication().getSharedPreferences(shpName, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
        int x = shp.getInt(key,0);
        //读取
        handle.set(key,x);
    }

    public void save(){
       SharedPreferences shp = getApplication().getSharedPreferences(shpName,Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
       SharedPreferences.Editor editor = shp.edit();
       editor.putInt(key,getNumber().getValue());
       editor.apply();
    }

    public void add(int x){
        handle.set(key,getNumber().getValue()+x);
        //不建议，开销大
        //save();
    }

}

格式化

在这里插入图片描述

Navigation

在这里插入图片描述

（1）切换页面

MainActivity

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        NavController controller = Navigation.findNavController(this,R.id.fragment);
        NavigationUI.setupActionBarWithNavController(this,controller);

    }

    @Override
    public boolean onSupportNavigateUp() {
        NavController controller = Navigation.findNavController(this,R.id.fragment);
        return controller.navigateUp();
//        return super.onSupportNavigateUp();
    }
}

HomeFragment

@Override
    public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
        Button button;
        button = getView().findViewById(R.id.button3);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                NavController controller = Navigation.findNavController(view);
                controller.navigate(R.id.action_homeFragment_to_detailFragment);

            }
        });
    }

DetailFragment

@Override
    public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
        getView().findViewById(R.id.button).setOnClickListener(Navigation.createNavigateOnClickListener(R.id.action_detailFragment_to_homeFragment));
    }

nav布局

在这里插入图片描述

（2）页面之间数据传递（静态）

添加Arguments
在这里插入图片描述

DetailFragment

@Override
    public void onActivityCreated( Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);

        TextView textView = getView().findViewById(R.id.textView);
        textView.setText(getArguments().getString("name"));
    }

（2）页面之间数据传递（动态）

HomeFragment

 @Override
    public void onActivityCreated( Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
        getView().findViewById(R.id.button).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                EditText editText = getView().findViewById(R.id.editTextTextPersonName);
                String str = editText.getText().toString();
                if (TextUtils.isEmpty(str)){
                    Toast.makeText(getActivity(), "请输入名字", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                NavController controller = Navigation.findNavController(view);
                controller.navigate(R.id.detailFragment);
                //推送
                Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
                bundle.putString("my_name",str);
                Toast.makeText(getActivity(), "请输入名字", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

            }
        });
    }

DetailFragment

@Override
    public void onActivityCreated( Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
        String str = getArguments().getString("name");
        String str2 = getArguments().getString("my_name");
        TextView textView = getView().findViewById(R.id.textView);
        textView.setText(str2);
    }

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Android Jetpack

这里写目录标题ViewModel生命周期MainActivityMyViewModelLiveDataMainActivityViewModelWithLifeDataDataBanding数据绑定绑定activity_mainMainActivity反向绑定activity_mainMainActivityViewModelSavedState方法1MainActivity方法2MyViewModel能访问SharedPerferences的ViewModelMainActivityMyViewModel
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