编程基础（二十一）：C++ctime头文件

ctime

Get current time
Get the current calendar time as a value of type time_t.

The function returns this value, and if the argument is not a null pointer, it also sets this value to the object pointed by timer.

The value returned generally represents the number of seconds since 00:00 hours, Jan 1, 1970 UTC (i.e., the current unix timestamp). Although libraries may use a different representation of time: Portable programs should not use the value returned by this function directly, but always rely on calls to other elements of the standard library to translate them to portable types (such as localtime, gmtime or difftime).

• localtime

/* localtime example */
#include <stdio.h>      /* puts, printf */
#include <time.h>       /* time_t, struct tm, time, localtime */

int main ()
{
  time_t rawtime;
  struct tm * timeinfo;

  time (&rawtime);
  timeinfo = localtime (&rawtime);
  printf ("Current local time and date: %s", asctime(timeinfo));

  return 0;
}

Current local time and date: Wed Feb 13 17:17:11 2013

• gmtime

/* gmtime example */
#include <stdio.h>      /* puts, printf */
#include <time.h>       /* time_t, struct tm, time, gmtime */

#define MST (-7)
#define UTC (0)
#define CCT (+8)

int main ()
{
  time_t rawtime;
  struct tm * ptm;

  time ( &rawtime );

  ptm = gmtime ( &rawtime );

  puts ("Current time around the World:");
  printf ("Phoenix, AZ (U.S.) :  %2d:%02d\n", (ptm->tm_hour+MST)%24, ptm->tm_min);
  printf ("Reykjavik (Iceland) : %2d:%02d\n", (ptm->tm_hour+UTC)%24, ptm->tm_min);
  printf ("Beijing (China) :     %2d:%02d\n", (ptm->tm_hour+CCT)%24, ptm->tm_min);

  return 0;
}

Current time around the World:
Phoenix, AZ (U.S.) :    8:22
Reykjavik (Iceland) :  15:22
Beijing (China) :      23:22

• difftime

/* difftime example */
#include <stdio.h>      /* printf */
#include <time.h>       /* time_t, struct tm, difftime, time, mktime */

int main ()
{
  time_t now;
  struct tm newyear;
  double seconds;

  time(&now);  /* get current time; same as: now = time(NULL)  */

  newyear = *localtime(&now);

  newyear.tm_hour = 0; newyear.tm_min = 0; newyear.tm_sec = 0;
  newyear.tm_mon = 0;  newyear.tm_mday = 1;

  seconds = difftime(now,mktime(&newyear));

  printf ("%.f seconds since new year in the current timezone.\n", seconds);

  return 0;
}

3777291 seconds since new year in the current timezone.

/* time example */
#include <stdio.h>      /* printf */
#include <time.h>       /* time_t, struct tm, difftime, time, mktime */

int main ()
{
  time_t timer;
  struct tm y2k = {0};
  double seconds;

  y2k.tm_hour = 0;   y2k.tm_min = 0; y2k.tm_sec = 0;
  y2k.tm_year = 100; y2k.tm_mon = 0; y2k.tm_mday = 1;

  time(&timer);  /* get current time; same as: timer = time(NULL)  */

  seconds = difftime(timer,mktime(&y2k));

  printf ("%.f seconds since January 1, 2000 in the current timezone", seconds);

  return 0;
}

414086872 seconds since January 1, 2000 in the current timezone