Codeforces Round #633 B. Edge Weight Assignment 结论题 + dp

传送门

题意：

思路：

首先考虑最小值，如果从一个叶子结点出发到任意叶子的距离都为偶数，那么只需要一个值就可以满足条件。如果有奇数的，考虑$1$ ^ $2$ ^ $3=0$，我们可以在非连接叶节点的边上交错填$1,2$，在叶节点的边上填$3$，这样就可以保证满足条件。所以答案为$1$或$3$。
考虑最大值，由于我们填的数可以无限大， 所以考虑对于每个边都先分配一个不同的值，假设有$k$个叶子连接在一个点上，那么我们需要减去$k-1$，因为这些点的边都需要填一样的值。
这个过程可以直接求，也可以$dp$来求。
复杂度$O(N)$。

直接求：

// Problem: D. Edge Weight Assignment
// Contest: Codeforces - Codeforces Round #633 (Div. 2)
// URL: https://codeforces.com/contest/1339/problem/D
// Memory Limit: 256 MB
// Time Limit: 1000 ms
// 
// Powered by CP Editor (https://cpeditor.org)

//#pragma GCC optimize("Ofast,no-stack-protector,unroll-loops,fast-math")
//#pragma GCC target("sse,sse2,sse3,ssse3,sse4.1,sse4.2,avx,avx2,popcnt,tune=native")
//#pragma GCC optimize(2)
#include<cstdio>
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<cstring>
#include<map>
#include<cmath>
#include<cctype>
#include<vector>
#include<set>
#include<queue>
#include<algorithm>
#include<sstream>
#include<ctime>
#include<cstdlib>
#define X first
#define Y second
#define L (u<<1)
#define R (u<<1|1)
#define pb push_back
#define mk make_pair
#define Mid (tr[u].l+tr[u].r>>1)
#define Len(u) (tr[u].r-tr[u].l+1)
#define random(a,b) ((a)+rand()%((b)-(a)+1))
#define db puts("---")
using namespace std;

//void rd_cre() { freopen("d://dp//data.txt","w",stdout); srand(time(NULL)); }
//void rd_ac() { freopen("d://dp//data.txt","r",stdin); freopen("d://dp//AC.txt","w",stdout); }
//void rd_wa() { freopen("d://dp//data.txt","r",stdin); freopen("d://dp//WA.txt","w",stdout); }

typedef long long LL;
typedef unsigned long long ULL;
typedef pair<int,int> PII;

const int N=1000010,mod=1e9+7,INF=0x3f3f3f3f;
const double eps=1e-6;

int n;
int d[N],cd[N],a[N];
int f[N];
vector<int>v[N];
bool flag;

void dfs1(int u,int fa,int d) {
	for(auto x:v[u]) {
		if(x==fa) continue;
		dfs1(x,u,d+1);
	}
	if(v[u].size()==1) {
		if(d%2==1) flag=1;
	}
}

void dfs2(int u,int fa) {
	int add=0;
	for(auto x:v[u]) {
		if(x==fa) continue;
		dfs2(x,u);
		if(v[x].size()==1) add=1;
		else f[u]+=f[x]+1;
	}
	f[u]+=add;
}

int solve1() {
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) if(d[i]==1) { dfs1(i,0,0); break; }
	if(flag) return 3;
	else return 1;
}

int solve2() {
	int ans=n-1;
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) {
		if(d[i]==1) continue; 
		int cnt=0;
		for(auto x:v[i]) {
			if(v[x].size()==1) cnt++;
		}
		ans-=max(0,cnt-1);
	}
	return ans;
}

int main()
{
//	ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
//	cin.tie(0);
	
	scanf("%d",&n);
	for(int i=1;i<=n-1;i++) {
		int a,b; scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
		v[a].pb(b); v[b].pb(a);
		d[a]++; d[b]++;
	}
	printf("%d %d\n",solve1(),solve2());



	return 0;
}
/*

*/

树形$dp$

// Problem: D. Edge Weight Assignment
// Contest: Codeforces - Codeforces Round #633 (Div. 2)
// URL: https://codeforces.com/contest/1339/problem/D
// Memory Limit: 256 MB
// Time Limit: 1000 ms
// 
// Powered by CP Editor (https://cpeditor.org)

//#pragma GCC optimize("Ofast,no-stack-protector,unroll-loops,fast-math")
//#pragma GCC target("sse,sse2,sse3,ssse3,sse4.1,sse4.2,avx,avx2,popcnt,tune=native")
//#pragma GCC optimize(2)
#include<cstdio>
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<cstring>
#include<map>
#include<cmath>
#include<cctype>
#include<vector>
#include<set>
#include<queue>
#include<algorithm>
#include<sstream>
#include<ctime>
#include<cstdlib>
#define X first
#define Y second
#define L (u<<1)
#define R (u<<1|1)
#define pb push_back
#define mk make_pair
#define Mid (tr[u].l+tr[u].r>>1)
#define Len(u) (tr[u].r-tr[u].l+1)
#define random(a,b) ((a)+rand()%((b)-(a)+1))
#define db puts("---")
using namespace std;

//void rd_cre() { freopen("d://dp//data.txt","w",stdout); srand(time(NULL)); }
//void rd_ac() { freopen("d://dp//data.txt","r",stdin); freopen("d://dp//AC.txt","w",stdout); }
//void rd_wa() { freopen("d://dp//data.txt","r",stdin); freopen("d://dp//WA.txt","w",stdout); }

typedef long long LL;
typedef unsigned long long ULL;
typedef pair<int,int> PII;

const int N=1000010,mod=1e9+7,INF=0x3f3f3f3f;
const double eps=1e-6;

int n;
int d[N],cd[N],a[N];
int f[N];
vector<int>v[N];
bool flag;

void dfs1(int u,int fa,int d) {
	for(auto x:v[u]) {
		if(x==fa) continue;
		dfs1(x,u,d+1);
	}
	if(v[u].size()==1) {
		if(d%2==1) flag=1;
	}
}

void dfs2(int u,int fa) {
	int add=0;
	for(auto x:v[u]) {
		if(x==fa) continue;
		dfs2(x,u);
		if(v[x].size()==1) add=1;
		else f[u]+=f[x]+1;
	}
	f[u]+=add;
}

int solve1() {
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) if(d[i]==1) { dfs1(i,0,0); break; }
	if(flag) return 3;
	else return 1;
}

int solve2() {
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) {
		if(d[i]>=2) {
			dfs2(i,0);
			return f[i];
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

int main()
{
//	ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
//	cin.tie(0);
	
	scanf("%d",&n);
	for(int i=1;i<=n-1;i++) {
		int a,b; scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
		v[a].pb(b); v[b].pb(a);
		d[a]++; d[b]++;
	}
	printf("%d %d\n",solve1(),solve2());



	return 0;
}
/*

*/