人工智能-作业5：卷积-池化-激活

Rain Sure

已于 2022-05-22 23:54:15 修改

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分类专栏：人工智能文章标签：人工智能深度学习 cnn

于 2022-05-22 23:48:21 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_51171995/article/details/124918751

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实现【卷积-池化-激活】代码，并分析总结

1. For循环版本：手工实现卷积-池化-激活

import numpy as np
 
x = np.array([[-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1],
              [-1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1],
              [-1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1],
              [-1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1],
              [-1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1],
              [-1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1],
              [-1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1],
              [-1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1],
              [-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1]])
print("x=\n", x)
# 初始化 三个 卷积核
Kernel = [[0 for i in range(0, 3)] for j in range(0, 3)]
Kernel[0] = np.array([[1, -1, -1],
                      [-1, 1, -1],
                      [-1, -1, 1]])
Kernel[1] = np.array([[1, -1, 1],
                      [-1, 1, -1],
                      [1, -1, 1]])
Kernel[2] = np.array([[-1, -1, 1],
                      [-1, 1, -1],
                      [1, -1, -1]])
 
# --------------- 卷积  ---------------
stride = 1  # 步长
feature_map_h = 7  # 特征图的高
feature_map_w = 7  # 特征图的宽
feature_map = [0 for i in range(0, 3)]  # 初始化3个特征图
for i in range(0, 3):
    feature_map[i] = np.zeros((feature_map_h, feature_map_w))  # 初始化特征图
for h in range(feature_map_h):  # 向下滑动，得到卷积后的固定行
    for w in range(feature_map_w):  # 向右滑动，得到卷积后的固定行的列
        v_start = h * stride  # 滑动窗口的起始行（高）
        v_end = v_start + 3  # 滑动窗口的结束行（高）
        h_start = w * stride  # 滑动窗口的起始列（宽）
        h_end = h_start + 3  # 滑动窗口的结束列（宽）
        window = x[v_start:v_end, h_start:h_end]  # 从图切出一个滑动窗口
        for i in range(0, 3):
            feature_map[i][h, w] = np.divide(np.sum(np.multiply(window, Kernel[i][:, :])), 9)
print("feature_map:\n", np.around(feature_map, decimals=2))
 
# --------------- 池化  ---------------
pooling_stride = 2  # 步长
pooling_h = 4  # 特征图的高
pooling_w = 4  # 特征图的宽
feature_map_pad_0 = [[0 for i in range(0, 8)] for j in range(0, 8)]
for i in range(0, 3):  # 特征图 补 0 ，行 列 都要加 1 (因为上一层是奇数，池化窗口用的偶数)
    feature_map_pad_0[i] = np.pad(feature_map[i], ((0, 1), (0, 1)), 'constant', constant_values=(0, 0))
# print("feature_map_pad_0 0:\n", np.around(feature_map_pad_0[0], decimals=2))
 
pooling = [0 for i in range(0, 3)]
for i in range(0, 3):
    pooling[i] = np.zeros((pooling_h, pooling_w))  # 初始化特征图
for h in range(pooling_h):  # 向下滑动，得到卷积后的固定行
    for w in range(pooling_w):  # 向右滑动，得到卷积后的固定行的列
        v_start = h * pooling_stride  # 滑动窗口的起始行（高）
        v_end = v_start + 2  # 滑动窗口的结束行（高）
        h_start = w * pooling_stride  # 滑动窗口的起始列（宽）
        h_end = h_start + 2  # 滑动窗口的结束列（宽）
        for i in range(0, 3):
            pooling[i][h, w] = np.max(feature_map_pad_0[i][v_start:v_end, h_start:h_end])
print("pooling:\n", np.around(pooling[0], decimals=2))
print("pooling:\n", np.around(pooling[1], decimals=2))
print("pooling:\n", np.around(pooling[2], decimals=2))
 
 
# --------------- 激活  ---------------
def relu(x):
    return (abs(x) + x) / 2
 
 
relu_map_h = 7  # 特征图的高
relu_map_w = 7  # 特征图的宽
relu_map = [0 for i in range(0, 3)]  # 初始化3个特征图
for i in range(0, 3):
    relu_map[i] = np.zeros((relu_map_h, relu_map_w))  # 初始化特征图
 
for i in range(0, 3):
    relu_map[i] = relu(feature_map[i])
 
print("relu map :\n",np.around(relu_map[0], decimals=2))
print("relu map :\n",np.around(relu_map[1], decimals=2))
print("relu map :\n",np.around(relu_map[2], decimals=2))

运行结果：

输入数据：

x=
 [[-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1]
 [-1  1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1  1 -1]
 [-1 -1  1 -1 -1 -1  1 -1 -1]
 [-1 -1 -1  1 -1  1 -1 -1 -1]
 [-1 -1 -1 -1  1 -1 -1 -1 -1]
 [-1 -1 -1  1 -1  1 -1 -1 -1]
 [-1 -1  1 -1 -1 -1  1 -1 -1]
 [-1  1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1  1 -1]
 [-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1]]

卷积结果：

feature_map:
[[[ 0.78 -0.11  0.11  0.33  0.56 -0.11  0.33]
 [-0.11  1.   -0.11  0.33 -0.11  0.11 -0.11]
 [ 0.11 -0.11  1.   -0.33  0.11 -0.11  0.56]
 [ 0.33  0.33 -0.33  0.56 -0.33  0.33  0.33]
 [ 0.56 -0.11  0.11 -0.33  1.   -0.11  0.11]
 [-0.11  0.11 -0.11  0.33 -0.11  1.   -0.11]
 [ 0.33 -0.11  0.56  0.33  0.11 -0.11  0.78]]

[[ 0.33 -0.56  0.11 -0.11  0.11 -0.56  0.33]
 [-0.56  0.56 -0.56  0.33 -0.56  0.56 -0.56]
 [ 0.11 -0.56  0.56 -0.78  0.56 -0.56  0.11]
 [-0.11  0.33 -0.78  1.   -0.78  0.33 -0.11]
 [ 0.11 -0.56  0.56 -0.78  0.56 -0.56  0.11]
 [-0.56  0.56 -0.56  0.33 -0.56  0.56 -0.56]
 [ 0.33 -0.56  0.11 -0.11  0.11 -0.56  0.33]]

[[ 0.33 -0.11  0.56  0.33  0.11 -0.11  0.78]
 [-0.11  0.11 -0.11  0.33 -0.11  1.   -0.11]
 [ 0.56 -0.11  0.11 -0.33  1.   -0.11  0.11]
 [ 0.33  0.33 -0.33  0.56 -0.33  0.33  0.33]
 [ 0.11 -0.11  1.   -0.33  0.11 -0.11  0.56]
 [-0.11  1.   -0.11  0.33 -0.11  0.11 -0.11]
 [ 0.78 -0.11  0.11  0.33  0.56 -0.11  0.33]]]

池化结果：

pooling:
[[1.   0.33 0.56 0.33]
[0.33 1.   0.33 0.56]
[0.56 0.33 1.   0.11]
[0.33 0.56 0.11 0.78]]
pooling:
[[0.56 0.33 0.56 0.33]
[0.33 1.   0.56 0.11]
[0.56 0.56 0.56 0.11]
[0.33 0.11 0.11 0.33]]
pooling:
[[0.33 0.56 1.   0.78]
[0.56 0.56 1.   0.33]
[1.   1.   0.11 0.56]
[0.78 0.33 0.56 0.33]]

激活结果：

relu map :
[[0.78 0.   0.11 0.33 0.56 0.   0.33]
[0.   1.   0.   0.33 0.   0.11 0.  ]
[0.11 0.   1.   0.   0.11 0.   0.56]
[0.33 0.33 0.   0.56 0.   0.33 0.33]
[0.56 0.   0.11 0.   1.   0.   0.11]
[0.   0.11 0.   0.33 0.   1.   0.  ]
[0.33 0.   0.56 0.33 0.11 0.   0.78]]
relu map :
[[0.33 0.   0.11 0.   0.11 0.   0.33]
[0.   0.56 0.   0.33 0.   0.56 0.  ]
[0.11 0.   0.56 0.   0.56 0.   0.11]
[0.   0.33 0.   1.   0.   0.33 0.  ]
[0.11 0.   0.56 0.   0.56 0.   0.11]
[0.   0.56 0.   0.33 0.   0.56 0.  ]
[0.33 0.   0.11 0.   0.11 0.   0.33]]
relu map :
[[0.33 0.   0.56 0.33 0.11 0.   0.78]
[0.   0.11 0.   0.33 0.   1.   0.  ]
[0.56 0.   0.11 0.   1.   0.   0.11]
[0.33 0.33 0.   0.56 0.   0.33 0.33]
[0.11 0.   1.   0.   0.11 0.   0.56]
[0.   1.   0.   0.33 0.   0.11 0.  ]
[0.78 0.   0.11 0.33 0.56 0.   0.33]]

在这里插入图片描述

对得到的三个矩阵进行池化，因为上一层是7*7奇数行列，池化窗口需要偶数行列，所以特征图补0，行列都要加1，生成三个池化矩阵后输出；
在这里插入图片描述

使用rule函数将得到矩阵中的负数全部替换成0，得到处理后的矩阵
在这里插入图片描述

代码中的注释更加全面，详情可参考上述代码。

2. Pytorch版本：调用函数完成卷积-池化-激活

# https://blog.csdn.net/qq_26369907/article/details/88366147
# https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/405242579
import numpy as np
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
 
x = torch.tensor([[[[-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1],
                    [-1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1],
                    [-1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1],
                    [-1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1],
                    [-1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1],
                    [-1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1],
                    [-1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1],
                    [-1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1],
                    [-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1]]]], dtype=torch.float)
print(x.shape)
print(x)
 
print("--------------- 卷积  ---------------")
conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 1, (3, 3), 1)  # in_channel , out_channel , kennel_size , stride
conv1.weight.data = torch.Tensor([[[[1, -1, -1],
                                    [-1, 1, -1],
                                    [-1, -1, 1]]
                                   ]])
conv2 = nn.Conv2d(1, 1, (3, 3), 1)  # in_channel , out_channel , kennel_size , stride
conv2.weight.data = torch.Tensor([[[[1, -1, 1],
                                    [-1, 1, -1],
                                    [1, -1, 1]]
                                   ]])
conv3 = nn.Conv2d(1, 1, (3, 3), 1)  # in_channel , out_channel , kennel_size , stride
conv3.weight.data = torch.Tensor([[[[-1, -1, 1],
                                    [-1, 1, -1],
                                    [1, -1, -1]]
                                   ]])
 
feature_map1 = conv1(x)
feature_map2 = conv2(x)
feature_map3 = conv3(x)
 
print(feature_map1 / 9)
print(feature_map2 / 9)
print(feature_map3 / 9)
 
print("--------------- 池化  ---------------")
max_pool = nn.MaxPool2d(2, padding=0, stride=2)  # Pooling
zeroPad = nn.ZeroPad2d(padding=(0, 1, 0, 1))  # pad 0 , Left Right Up Down
 
feature_map_pad_0_1 = zeroPad(feature_map1)
feature_pool_1 = max_pool(feature_map_pad_0_1)
feature_map_pad_0_2 = zeroPad(feature_map2)
feature_pool_2 = max_pool(feature_map_pad_0_2)
feature_map_pad_0_3 = zeroPad(feature_map3)
feature_pool_3 = max_pool(feature_map_pad_0_3)
 
print(feature_pool_1.size())
print(feature_pool_1 / 9)
print(feature_pool_2 / 9)
print(feature_pool_3 / 9)
 
print("--------------- 激活  ---------------")
activation_function = nn.ReLU()
 
feature_relu1 = activation_function(feature_map1)
feature_relu2 = activation_function(feature_map2)
feature_relu3 = activation_function(feature_map3)
print(feature_relu1 / 9)
print(feature_relu2 / 9)
print(feature_relu3 / 9)

运行结果：

torch.Size([1, 1, 9, 9])
tensor([[[[-1., -1., -1., -1., -1., -1., -1., -1., -1.],
          [-1.,  1., -1., -1., -1., -1., -1.,  1., -1.],
          [-1., -1.,  1., -1., -1., -1.,  1., -1., -1.],
          [-1., -1., -1.,  1., -1.,  1., -1., -1., -1.],
          [-1., -1., -1., -1.,  1., -1., -1., -1., -1.],
          [-1., -1., -1.,  1., -1.,  1., -1., -1., -1.],
          [-1., -1.,  1., -1., -1., -1.,  1., -1., -1.],
          [-1.,  1., -1., -1., -1., -1., -1.,  1., -1.],
          [-1., -1., -1., -1., -1., -1., -1., -1., -1.]]]])
--------------- 卷积  ---------------
tensor([[[[ 0.7804, -0.1085,  0.1137,  0.3359,  0.5581, -0.1085,  0.3359],
          [-0.1085,  1.0026, -0.1085,  0.3359, -0.1085,  0.1137, -0.1085],
          [ 0.1137, -0.1085,  1.0026, -0.3308,  0.1137, -0.1085,  0.5581],
          [ 0.3359,  0.3359, -0.3308,  0.5581, -0.3308,  0.3359,  0.3359],
          [ 0.5581, -0.1085,  0.1137, -0.3308,  1.0026, -0.1085,  0.1137],
          [-0.1085,  0.1137, -0.1085,  0.3359, -0.1085,  1.0026, -0.1085],
          [ 0.3359, -0.1085,  0.5581,  0.3359,  0.1137, -0.1085,  0.7804]]]],
       grad_fn=<DivBackward0>)
tensor([[[[ 0.3508, -0.5381,  0.1286, -0.0937,  0.1286, -0.5381,  0.3508],
          [-0.5381,  0.5730, -0.5381,  0.3508, -0.5381,  0.5730, -0.5381],
          [ 0.1286, -0.5381,  0.5730, -0.7603,  0.5730, -0.5381,  0.1286],
          [-0.0937,  0.3508, -0.7603,  1.0174, -0.7603,  0.3508, -0.0937],
          [ 0.1286, -0.5381,  0.5730, -0.7603,  0.5730, -0.5381,  0.1286],
          [-0.5381,  0.5730, -0.5381,  0.3508, -0.5381,  0.5730, -0.5381],
          [ 0.3508, -0.5381,  0.1286, -0.0937,  0.1286, -0.5381,  0.3508]]]],
       grad_fn=<DivBackward0>)
tensor([[[[ 0.3155, -0.1290,  0.5377,  0.3155,  0.0932, -0.1290,  0.7599],
          [-0.1290,  0.0932, -0.1290,  0.3155, -0.1290,  0.9821, -0.1290],
          [ 0.5377, -0.1290,  0.0932, -0.3512,  0.9821, -0.1290,  0.0932],
          [ 0.3155,  0.3155, -0.3512,  0.5377, -0.3512,  0.3155,  0.3155],
          [ 0.0932, -0.1290,  0.9821, -0.3512,  0.0932, -0.1290,  0.5377],
          [-0.1290,  0.9821, -0.1290,  0.3155, -0.1290,  0.0932, -0.1290],
          [ 0.7599, -0.1290,  0.0932,  0.3155,  0.5377, -0.1290,  0.3155]]]],
       grad_fn=<DivBackward0>)
--------------- 池化  ---------------
torch.Size([1, 1, 4, 4])
tensor([[[[1.0026, 0.3359, 0.5581, 0.3359],
          [0.3359, 1.0026, 0.3359, 0.5581],
          [0.5581, 0.3359, 1.0026, 0.1137],
          [0.3359, 0.5581, 0.1137, 0.7804]]]], grad_fn=<DivBackward0>)
tensor([[[[0.5730, 0.3508, 0.5730, 0.3508],
          [0.3508, 1.0174, 0.5730, 0.1286],
          [0.5730, 0.5730, 0.5730, 0.1286],
          [0.3508, 0.1286, 0.1286, 0.3508]]]], grad_fn=<DivBackward0>)
tensor([[[[0.3155, 0.5377, 0.9821, 0.7599],
          [0.5377, 0.5377, 0.9821, 0.3155],
          [0.9821, 0.9821, 0.0932, 0.5377],
          [0.7599, 0.3155, 0.5377, 0.3155]]]], grad_fn=<DivBackward0>)
--------------- 激活  ---------------
tensor([[[[0.7804, 0.0000, 0.1137, 0.3359, 0.5581, 0.0000, 0.3359],
          [0.0000, 1.0026, 0.0000, 0.3359, 0.0000, 0.1137, 0.0000],
          [0.1137, 0.0000, 1.0026, 0.0000, 0.1137, 0.0000, 0.5581],
          [0.3359, 0.3359, 0.0000, 0.5581, 0.0000, 0.3359, 0.3359],
          [0.5581, 0.0000, 0.1137, 0.0000, 1.0026, 0.0000, 0.1137],
          [0.0000, 0.1137, 0.0000, 0.3359, 0.0000, 1.0026, 0.0000],
          [0.3359, 0.0000, 0.5581, 0.3359, 0.1137, 0.0000, 0.7804]]]],
       grad_fn=<DivBackward0>)
tensor([[[[0.3508, 0.0000, 0.1286, 0.0000, 0.1286, 0.0000, 0.3508],
          [0.0000, 0.5730, 0.0000, 0.3508, 0.0000, 0.5730, 0.0000],
          [0.1286, 0.0000, 0.5730, 0.0000, 0.5730, 0.0000, 0.1286],
          [0.0000, 0.3508, 0.0000, 1.0174, 0.0000, 0.3508, 0.0000],
          [0.1286, 0.0000, 0.5730, 0.0000, 0.5730, 0.0000, 0.1286],
          [0.0000, 0.5730, 0.0000, 0.3508, 0.0000, 0.5730, 0.0000],
          [0.3508, 0.0000, 0.1286, 0.0000, 0.1286, 0.0000, 0.3508]]]],
       grad_fn=<DivBackward0>)
tensor([[[[0.3155, 0.0000, 0.5377, 0.3155, 0.0932, 0.0000, 0.7599],
          [0.0000, 0.0932, 0.0000, 0.3155, 0.0000, 0.9821, 0.0000],
          [0.5377, 0.0000, 0.0932, 0.0000, 0.9821, 0.0000, 0.0932],
          [0.3155, 0.3155, 0.0000, 0.5377, 0.0000, 0.3155, 0.3155],
          [0.0932, 0.0000, 0.9821, 0.0000, 0.0932, 0.0000, 0.5377],
          [0.0000, 0.9821, 0.0000, 0.3155, 0.0000, 0.0932, 0.0000],
          [0.7599, 0.0000, 0.0932, 0.3155, 0.5377, 0.0000, 0.3155]]]],
       grad_fn=<DivBackward0>)

3. 可视化：了解数字与图像之间的关系

# https://blog.csdn.net/qq_26369907/article/details/88366147
# https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/405242579
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=['SimHei'] #用来正常显示中文标签
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=False #用来正常显示负号 #有中文出现的情况，需要u'内容
x = torch.tensor([[[[-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1],
                    [-1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1],
                    [-1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1],
                    [-1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1],
                    [-1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1],
                    [-1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1],
                    [-1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1],
                    [-1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1],
                    [-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1]]]], dtype=torch.float)
print(x.shape)
print(x)
img = x.data.squeeze().numpy()  # 将输出转换为图片的格式
plt.imshow(img, cmap='gray')
plt.title('原图')
plt.show()
 
print("--------------- 卷积  ---------------")
conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 1, (3, 3), 1)  # in_channel , out_channel , kennel_size , stride
conv1.weight.data = torch.Tensor([[[[1, -1, -1],
                                    [-1, 1, -1],
                                    [-1, -1, 1]]
                                   ]])
img = conv1.weight.data.squeeze().numpy()  # 将输出转换为图片的格式
plt.imshow(img, cmap='gray')
plt.title('Kernel 1')
plt.show()
conv2 = nn.Conv2d(1, 1, (3, 3), 1)  # in_channel , out_channel , kennel_size , stride
conv2.weight.data = torch.Tensor([[[[1, -1, 1],
                                    [-1, 1, -1],
                                    [1, -1, 1]]
                                   ]])
img = conv2.weight.data.squeeze().numpy()  # 将输出转换为图片的格式
plt.imshow(img, cmap='gray')
plt.title('Kernel 2')
plt.show()
conv3 = nn.Conv2d(1, 1, (3, 3), 1)  # in_channel , out_channel , kennel_size , stride
conv3.weight.data = torch.Tensor([[[[-1, -1, 1],
                                    [-1, 1, -1],
                                    [1, -1, -1]]
                                   ]])
img = conv3.weight.data.squeeze().numpy()  # 将输出转换为图片的格式
plt.imshow(img, cmap='gray')
plt.title('Kernel 3')
plt.show()
 
feature_map1 = conv1(x)
feature_map2 = conv2(x)
feature_map3 = conv3(x)
 
print(feature_map1 / 9)
print(feature_map2 / 9)
print(feature_map3 / 9)
 
img = feature_map1.data.squeeze().numpy()  # 将输出转换为图片的格式
plt.imshow(img, cmap='gray')
plt.title('卷积后的特征图1')
plt.show()
 
print("--------------- 池化  ---------------")
max_pool = nn.MaxPool2d(2, padding=0, stride=2)  # Pooling
zeroPad = nn.ZeroPad2d(padding=(0, 1, 0, 1))  # pad 0 , Left Right Up Down
 
feature_map_pad_0_1 = zeroPad(feature_map1)
feature_pool_1 = max_pool(feature_map_pad_0_1)
feature_map_pad_0_2 = zeroPad(feature_map2)
feature_pool_2 = max_pool(feature_map_pad_0_2)
feature_map_pad_0_3 = zeroPad(feature_map3)
feature_pool_3 = max_pool(feature_map_pad_0_3)
 
print(feature_pool_1.size())
print(feature_pool_1 / 9)
print(feature_pool_2 / 9)
print(feature_pool_3 / 9)
img = feature_pool_1.data.squeeze().numpy()  # 将输出转换为图片的格式
plt.imshow(img, cmap='gray')
plt.title('卷积池化后的特征图1')
plt.show()
 
print("--------------- 激活  ---------------")
activation_function = nn.ReLU()
 
feature_relu1 = activation_function(feature_map1)
feature_relu2 = activation_function(feature_map2)
feature_relu3 = activation_function(feature_map3)
print(feature_relu1 / 9)
print(feature_relu2 / 9)
print(feature_relu3 / 9)
img = feature_relu1.data.squeeze().numpy()  # 将输出转换为图片的格式
plt.imshow(img, cmap='gray')
plt.title('卷积 + relu 后的特征图1')
plt.show()