Thread类的封装

用面向对象的方式封装一个Thread类

实现如下：
Thread.h

#ifndef _THREAD_H_
#define _THREAD_H_

#include <pthread.h>

class Thread
{
public:
    Thread();
    virtual ~Thread();

    void Start();
    void Join();

    void SetAutoDelete(bool autoDelete);

private:
    static void* ThreadRoutine(void* arg);
    virtual void Run() = 0;
    pthread_t threadId_;
    bool autoDelete_;
};

#endif // _THREAD_H_

Thread.cpp:

#include "Thread.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;


Thread::Thread() : autoDelete_(false)
{
    cout<<"Thread ..."<<endl;
}

Thread::~Thread()
{
    cout<<"~Thread ..."<<endl;
}

void Thread::Start()
{
    pthread_create(&threadId_, NULL, ThreadRoutine, this);
}

void Thread::Join()
{
    pthread_join(threadId_, NULL);
}

void* Thread::ThreadRoutine(void* arg)
{
    Thread* thread = static_cast<Thread*>(arg);
    thread->Run();
    if (thread->autoDelete_)
        delete thread;
    return NULL;
}

void Thread::SetAutoDelete(bool autoDelete)
{
    autoDelete_ = autoDelete;
}

该基类提供了Start函数来开启一个线程，线程的回调函数为ThradRuntine，ThreadRuntine设置为私有函数，这里将该函数设置为静态的。为什么设置为静态的是有原因的，理论上Run函数才是线程回调该调用的函数，然而Run函数是需要子类来覆写实现自己的业务逻辑，也为此Run函数使用了virtual关键字。Run函数是Thread基类的一个普通的成员函数，所以其实Run函数本质上是void Run(this)的，在形参中隐藏了this指针，然而pthread_create函数需要的是一个普通的函数，函数定义如下： void (start_runtine)(void*)。所以才需要将ThreadRuntine定义为全局或者静态的，定义为全局将将该函数全部暴露，所以定义为静态。
在ThreadRoutine中运行实际业务的Run函数，这里需要注意的是pthead_create函数传递了this指针给ThreadRuntine函数，因为该函数是静态的，它不能操作非静态的函数或者变量，所以在该函数中通过传入的this指针来调用Run函数，然后在调用完毕之后delete掉this，自动销毁自身对象。
test:

#include "Thread.h"
#include <unistd.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class TestThread : public Thread
{
public:
    TestThread(int count) : count_(count)
    {
        cout<<"TestThread ..."<<endl;
    }

    ~TestThread()
    {
        cout<<"~TestThread ..."<<endl;
    }

private:
    void Run()
    {
        while (count_--)
        {
            cout<<"this is a test ..."<<endl;
            sleep(1);
        }
    }

    int count_;
};

int main(void)
{
    TestThread* t2 = new TestThread(5);
    t2->SetAutoDelete(true);
    t2->Start();
    t2->Join();

    for (; ; )
        pause();

    return 0;
}

基于对象风格的Thread类封装

使用C++11的function和bind来实现基于对象风格的Thread类封装

#include <iostream>
#include<functional>
using namespace std;
class Foo
{
public:
	void memberFunc(double d, int i, int j)
	{
		cout << d << endl;//打印0.5
		cout << i << endl;//打印100       
		cout << j << endl;//打印10
	}
};
int main()
{
	Foo foo;
	std::function<void (int, int)> fp = std::bind(&Foo::memberFunc, &foo, 0.5, std::placeholders::_1,std::placeholders::_2);
	fp(100, 200);
	std::function<void (int, int)> fp2 = std::bind(&Foo::memberFunc, std::ref(foo), 0.5, std::placeholders::_1,std::placeholders:: _2);
	fp2(55, 66);
	return 0;
}

Thread.h:

#ifndef _THREAD_H_
#define _THREAD_H_

#include <pthread.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<functional>
class Thread
{
public:
	typedef std::function<void ()> ThreadFunc;
	explicit Thread(const ThreadFunc& func);

	void Start();
	void Join();

	void SetAutoDelete(bool autoDelete);

private:
	static void* ThreadRoutine(void* arg);
	void Run();
	ThreadFunc func_;
	pthread_t threadId_;
	bool autoDelete_;
};

#endif // _THREAD_H_

Thread.cpp

#include "Thread.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;


Thread::Thread(const ThreadFunc& func) : func_(func), autoDelete_(false)
{
}

void Thread::Start()
{
    pthread_create(&threadId_, NULL, ThreadRoutine, this);
}

void Thread::Join()
{
    pthread_join(threadId_, NULL);
}

void* Thread::ThreadRoutine(void* arg)
{
    Thread* thread = static_cast<Thread*>(arg);
    thread->Run();
    if (thread->autoDelete_)
        delete thread;
    return NULL;
}

void Thread::SetAutoDelete(bool autoDelete)
{
    autoDelete_ = autoDelete;
}

void Thread::Run()
{
    func_();
}

test:

#include "Thread.h"
#include <boost/bind.hpp>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Foo
{
public:
	Foo(int count) : count_(count)
	{
	}

	void MemberFun()
	{
		while (count_--)
		{
			cout<<"this is a test ..."<<endl;
			sleep(1);
		}
	}

	void MemberFun2(int x)
	{
		while (count_--)
		{
			cout<<"x="<<x<<" this is a test2 ..."<<endl;
			sleep(1);
		}
	}

	int count_;
};

void ThreadFunc()
{
	cout<<"ThreadFunc ..."<<endl;
}

void ThreadFunc2(int count)
{
	while (count--)
	{
		cout<<"ThreadFunc2 ..."<<endl;
		sleep(1);
	}
}


int main(void)
{
	Thread t1(ThreadFunc);
	Thread t2(boost::bind(ThreadFunc2, 3));
	Foo foo(3);
	Thread t3(boost::bind(&Foo::MemberFun, &foo));
	Foo foo2(3);
	Thread t4(boost::bind(&Foo::MemberFun2, &foo2, 1000));

	t1.Start();
	t2.Start();
	t3.Start();
	t4.Start();

	t1.Join();
	t2.Join();
	t3.Join();
	t4.Join();


	return 0;
}

在测试程序中先创建了一个线程类t1，t1调用ThreadFunc函数打印了一次信息；
然后程序创建了t2线程，传入函数绑定了ThreadFunc2，其中传入了参数3，然后执行三次打印信息；
在主程序中创建了Foo对象，然后分别绑定该Foo对象的两个函数，打印相关信息

总结

1. C编程风格：注册全局函数到网络库，然后通过函数指针进行回调
2. 面向对象风格：用一个类继承一个抽象类，实现接口的具体业务逻辑
3. 基于对象风格:用一个类包含一个具体类对象，在构造函数中用bind来注册成员函数