Docker常用命令

wang-1303

已于 2024-09-11 14:08:46 修改

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分类专栏： Dcker问题文章标签： docker 容器运维

于 2024-09-11 09:37:45 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_51193794/article/details/142091912

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1、Docker的常用命令

帮助文档地址：https://docs.docker.com/reference/

Docker的镜像仓库：https://hub.docker.com

1.1、帮助命令

#docker版本信息
docker version

#显示docker的系统信息
docker Info

#docker帮助命令
docker --help

1.2、镜像命令

1.2.1查看本地所有主机的镜像

-a, --all 列出所有镜像

-f, --filter 过滤

--format

-q, --quiet 只显示镜像的id

[root@wzy1303 docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
hello-world   latest    d2c94e258dcb   15 months ago   13.3kB
[root@wzy1303 docker]# docker images -a
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
hello-world   latest    d2c94e258dcb   15 months ago   13.3kB
[root@wzy1303 docker]# docker images -aq
d2c94e258dcb


REPOSITORY	镜像的仓库源
TAG	镜像的标签
IMAGE ID	镜像的ID
CREATED	镜像的创建时间
SIZE	镜像的大小

1.2.2搜索镜像

docker serche #搜索镜像

–help #帮助命令

-f, --filter #过滤

–filter=STARS=3000 #搜索出来的是3000以上的

[root@wzy1303 ~]# docker search mysql
NAME                  DESCRIPTION                                      STARS     OFFICIAL
mysql                 MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   15316     [OK]
bitnami/mysql         Bitnami container image for MySQL                114       
google/mysql          MySQL server for Google Compute Engine           25        
elestio/mysql         Mysql, verified and packaged by Elestio          0         
rapidfort/mysql       RapidFort optimized, hardened image for MySQL    25        
circleci/mysql        MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   30        
ubuntu/mysql          MySQL open source fast, stable, multi-thread…   64  

#fliter筛选
[root@wzy1303 ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=303
NAME         DESCRIPTION                                      STARS     OFFICIAL
mysql        MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   15316     [OK]
phpmyadmin   phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M…   1017      [OK]

1.2.3、下载镜像

分层下载：docker iamge的核心联合文件系统

docker pull imagename [tag]

-a, --all-tags Download all tagged images in the repository

--disable-content-trust Skip image verification (default true)
--platform string Set platform if server is multi-platform capable
-q, --quiet Suppress verbose output

#下载镜像mysql（不加版本默认最新版）
docker pull mysql [:tag]
[root@wzy1303 ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest	#如果不写tag,默认下载last最新版
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
46047108b82f: Pull complete 	#分层下载，并且镜像分层会共用
6ca4981e4b68: Pull complete 
cdb864cc9a3b: Pull complete 
8b934a1f907b: Pull complete 
9acadb43dd05: Pull complete 
21fe22960d72: Pull complete 
9856e7a42744: Pull complete 
5cb79212beaf: Pull complete 
885acf912a94: Pull complete 
4fbb350c7062: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:9ceea965bd96a49b4299b8515fd92c3dc8ab26f34563795a350aae422985ea91
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest	#真实地址


#等价命令
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest

1.2.4、删除镜像

docker rmi -f

可以根据镜像ID删除，也可以根据镜像名称删除

# 删除镜像
docker rmi -f <image id 容器ID>

# 批量删除镜像
docker rmi -f &(docker images -aq)

1.2.5、commit提交镜像

保存当前容器的状态，就可以通过c ommit来提交从而获得一个镜像

docker commit #提交容器成为一个新的副本

docker commit -m="提交的描述信息" -a="作者" 容器ID 目标镜像名:[tag]

#启动默认的Tomcat

#默认Tomcat的webapps下没有文件，我现在将文件拷贝进webapps下

#将操作过的容器通过commit提交为一个镜像
docker commit -m="更新了webapps文件目录" -a="ww" 容器id 目标镜像名:

1.2.6、history 查看镜像的历史

#查看镜像的历史，镜像是如何构建的
docker history

1.3、容器命令

有了镜像才可以创建容器，LInux，下载一个centos镜像

#下载centos镜像
[root@wzy1303 ~]# docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
a1d0c7532777: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
docker.io/library/centos:latest

新建容器并启动

1.3.1容器运行命令

docker run [可选参数] image

Options

–name=“Name” 容器名称 Tomcat1，Tomcat2，用于区分容器

-d 后台方式运行

-it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容

-p 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080

-p 主机端口：容器端口
-p 主机端口：容器端口
-p 容器端口

-P 随机指定端口

-v 主机地址:容器地址

-e 修改配置

#启动并进入容器
[root@wzy1303 ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@6d65486e90f0 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

#退出容器
[root@6d65486e90f0 /]# exit
exit

1.3.2、列出所有运行中的容器

docker ps #列出正在运行的容器

-a #列出所有运行的容器，包含历史运行过的容器

-n=? #显示最近创建的容器

-q #只显示容器的编号

#显示正在运行的容器
[root@wzy1303 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
#显示所有运行过的容器
[root@wzy1303 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                       PORTS     NAMES
6d65486e90f0   centos        "/bin/bash"   4 minutes ago   Exited (130) 4 minutes ago             cranky_hugle
8a2cb3ce8c06   hello-world   "/hello"      18 hours ago    Exited (0) 18 hours ago                youthful_babbage
#显示最近创建的一个容器
[root@wzy1303 ~]# docker ps -n=1
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                       PORTS     NAMES
6d65486e90f0   centos    "/bin/bash"   5 minutes ago   Exited (130) 4 minutes ago             cranky_hugle
#显示正在运行的容器容器编号
[root@wzy1303 ~]# docker ps -q
#显示所有运行过的容器编号
[root@wzy1303 ~]# docker ps -aq
6d65486e90f0
8a2cb3ce8c06

1.3.3、删除容器

docker rm 容器ID #不能删除正在运行的容器

docker rn -f &(docker image -aq) #-f 可以删除正在运行中的容器

docker ps -a -q | xargs docker rm #删除所有的容器

docker rm 容器ID	#不能删除正在运行的容器
docker rn -f &(docker ps -aq)	#-f 可以删除正在运行中的容器
docker ps -a -q | xargs docker rm	#删除所有的容器

1.3.4、退出容器

停止并退出容器

exit

不停止退出容器

Ctrl + P + Q

1.3.5、启动和停止容器

#启动容器
docker start 容器ID	

#重启容器
docker restart 容器ID

#停止正在运行的容器
docker stop 容器ID

#强制停止当前容器
docker kill 容器ID

[root@wzy1303 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                        PORTS     NAMES
fa688fa132d6   centos        "/bin/bash"   30 seconds ago   Exited (0) 12 seconds ago               nervous_wozniak
6d65486e90f0   centos        "/bin/bash"   18 minutes ago   Exited (130) 17 minutes ago             cranky_hugle
8a2cb3ce8c06   hello-world   "/hello"      19 hours ago     Exited (0) 19 hours ago                 youthful_babbage
[root@wzy1303 ~]# docker start fa688fa132d6
fa688fa132d6
[root@wzy1303 ~]# docker status fa688fa132d6
docker: 'status' is not a docker command.
See 'docker --help'
[root@wzy1303 ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
fa688fa132d6   centos    "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Up 30 seconds             nervous_wozniak
[root@wzy1303 ~]# docker stop fa688fa132d6
fa688fa132d6

1.4、常用的容器其他命令

1.4.1、后台启动容器

后台启动容器，通过docker ps命令发现centos停止了

docker容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程

#没有前台服务，centos直接停止
[root@wzy1303 ~]# docker run -d centos
c91212e4a4fab80108675266dd4d529dbc7d478b8be5ee87382e0246079e0637
[root@wzy1303 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@wzy1303 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                        PORTS     NAMES
c91212e4a4fa   centos        "/bin/bash"   15 seconds ago   Exited (0) 14 seconds ago               keen_elion
fa688fa132d6   centos        "/bin/bash"   3 minutes ago    Exited (0) 2 minutes ago                nervous_wozniak
6d65486e90f0   centos        "/bin/bash"   21 minutes ago   Exited (130) 20 minutes ago             cranky_hugle
8a2cb3ce8c06   hello-world   "/hello"      19 hours ago     Exited (0) 19 hours ago                 youthful_babbage

1.4.2、查看日志

docker logs

Options:
–details Show extra details provided to logs
-f, --follow Follow log output
–since string Show logs since timestamp (e.g. “2013-01-02T13:23:37Z”) or relative (e.g. “42m” for 42 minutes)
-n, --tail string Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default “all”)
-t, --timestamps Show timestamps
–until string Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. “2013-01-02T13:23:37Z”) or relative (e.g. “42m” for 42 minutes)

#后台启动cento并运行脚本，让其产生日志
docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo ww;sleep 5;done"

#查看容器ID
docker ps 

#查看日志
#滚动查看日志
docker logs -tf --tail 10 容器ID

[root@wzy1303 ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo ww;sleep 5;done"
a00ee9bdb4ad50b024dd7d8259ff945b732111457fcf25ba17538e215ba98966

[root@wzy1303 ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
a00ee9bdb4ad   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   5 seconds ago   Up 5 seconds             beautiful_bhaskara

[root@wzy1303 ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 a00ee9bdb4ad
2024-08-22T03:02:23.630926925Z ww
2024-08-22T03:02:28.639144738Z ww
2024-08-22T03:02:33.643312662Z wwx
2024-08-22T03:02:38.646474519Z ww
2024-08-22T03:02:43.650217993Z ww
2024-08-22T03:02:48.656631795Z ww
2024-08-22T03:02:53.666622821Z ww
2024-08-22T03:02:58.670491410Z ww
2024-08-22T03:03:03.674179526Z ww
2024-08-22T03:03:08.678294708Z ww

1.4.3、查看容器中的进程信息

docker top 容器id
[root@wzy1303 ~]# docker top ca4b1ad52ee9
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                110386              110355              0                   11:10               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/sh -c while true;do echo ww;sleep 1000000;done
root                110408              110386              0                   11:10               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1000000

1.4.4、查看容器的元数据

docker inspect 容器ID

Options:
-f, --format string Format output using a custom template:
‘json’: Print in JSON format
‘TEMPLATE’: Print output using the given Go template.
Refer to https://docs.docker.com/go/formatting/ for more information about formatting output with templates
-s, --size Display total file sizes if the type is container
–type string Return JSON for specified type

#查看容器的元数据
[root@wzy1303 ~]# docker inspect ca4b1ad52ee9
[
    {
        "Id": "ca4b1ad52ee9f5f08cc72d95139b029b923cf4769c1cba2e725911d89b2e6faa",#容器的ID
        "Created": "2024-08-22T03:10:17.694724411Z",#创建时间
        "Path": "/bin/sh",#bash控制台
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo ww;sleep 1000000;done"
        ],#传递的参数
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,F
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 110386,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2024-08-22T03:10:18.024844758Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/ca4b1ad52ee9f5f08cc72d95139b029b923cf4769c1cba2e725911d89b2e6faa/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/ca4b1ad52ee9f5f08cc72d95139b029b923cf4769c1cba2e725911d89b2e6faa/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/ca4b1ad52ee9f5f08cc72d95139b029b923cf4769c1cba2e725911d89b2e6faa/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/ca4b1ad52ee9f5f08cc72d95139b029b923cf4769c1cba2e725911d89b2e6faa/ca4b1ad52ee9f5f08cc72d95139b029b923cf4769c1cba2e725911d89b2e6faa-json.log",
        "Name": "/competent_banzai",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "bridge",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "ConsoleSize": [
                39,
                188
            ],
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": [],
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": [],
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": [],
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": [],
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware",
                "/sys/devices/virtual/powercap"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0a9456f8cb44f10ec79b6c723926a0e6f65d04a3ce5cb5c9bdaed9cbb191fbee-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3e456584228eb1072b562f8f5af23c17d5377efff4e876a7bc5a7976a5ed5495/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0a9456f8cb44f10ec79b6c723926a0e6f65d04a3ce5cb5c9bdaed9cbb191fbee/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0a9456f8cb44f10ec79b6c723926a0e6f65d04a3ce5cb5c9bdaed9cbb191fbee/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0a9456f8cb44f10ec79b6c723926a0e6f65d04a3ce5cb5c9bdaed9cbb191fbee/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "ca4b1ad52ee9",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo ww;sleep 1000000;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "50ebd17558b0c2b02578177d7540901bbf25995dfd8d6cf02e08d13c0e665001",
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/50ebd17558b0",
            "Ports": {},
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "a022be2719bf4b77d5a98dc401e86dcbdca4987ae07c0d62d3af2709a465bf3b",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "NetworkID": "36fe88707d401be5c5c77622d85f169357d3a9a353465eed3f478f2a73ec9423",
                    "EndpointID": "a022be2719bf4b77d5a98dc401e86dcbdca4987ae07c0d62d3af2709a465bf3b",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "DriverOpts": null,
                    "DNSNames": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

1.4.5、进入当前正在运行的容器

方式一：

#进入后台运行的容器
docker exec -it 容器ID /bin/hash


#命令测试
[root@wzy1303 ~]# docker exec -it ca4b1ad52ee9 /bin/bash
[root@ca4b1ad52ee9 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@ca4b1ad52ee9 /]# ps -ef
UID         PID   PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root          1      0  0 03:10 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo ww;sleep 1000000;done
root          7      1  0 03:10 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1000000
root          8      0  0 03:21 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root         23      8  0 03:21 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef

方式二：

#进入正在运行的命令行
docker attach 容器id

#命令测试
[root@wzy1303 ~]# docker attach ca4b1ad52ee9
ww
ww

区别：

docker exec #进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面
docker attach #进入正在执行的终端

1.4.6、从容器内拷贝主机

docker cp 容器id:/文件地址主机存放文件地址

[root@wzy1303 ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@f3e2b5db1616 /]# [root@wzy1303 ~]# 
[root@wzy1303 ~]# cd /temp/

[root@wzy1303 temp]# docker attach f3e2b5db1616

[root@f3e2b5db1616 /]# cd /home

[root@f3e2b5db1616 home]# ls 

[root@f3e2b5db1616 temp]# touch ww.java
[root@8a8ed07c3752 home]# ls
ww.java

#将容器中的文件拷贝到主机上    
[root@wzy1303 temp]# docker cp 8a8ed07c3752:/home/ww.java /temp/
                                               Successfully copied 1.54kB to /temp/
[root@wzy1303 temp]# ls
ww.java

1.4.7、查看CPU的状态

docker stats

1.5、容器卷相关命令

1.5.1、volume

# docker volume
docker volume --help
Commands:
  create      Create a volume	#创建一个容器卷
  inspect     Display detailed information on one or more volumes	#查看容器卷元数据
  ls          List volumes	#列出所有的容器卷
  prune       Remove unused local volumes	#删除不在运行的容器卷
  rm          Remove one or more volumes	#删除一个或所有的