数据压缩|RGB文件转化为YUV文件

1. 实验思路：1）读取RGB文件，新建YUV文件

                        2）开辟内存空间（RGB文件存储格式为BGR，YUV文件存储格式为420）

                        3）根据公式（亮度方程）建立查找表

                        4）调用查找表，确定Y，U，V（注意：每偶数行每偶数列确定一个U和V）

                        5）限制值的范围，避免溢出

                        6）将Y U V写进YUV文件

                         7）释放内存空间

2.头文件部分（查找表部分）             

float rgb2yuv02990[256], rgb2yuv05870[256], rgb2yuv01140[256], rgb2yuv01684[256],
rgb2yuv03316[256], rgb2yuv05000[256], rgb2yuv04187[256], rgb2yuv00813[256];
void  Initrgb_table() {
	for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
	{
		rgb2yuv02990[i] = (float)0.299 * i;
		rgb2yuv05870[i] = (float)0.587 * i;
		rgb2yuv01140[i] = (float)0.114 * i;
		rgb2yuv01684[i] = (float)0.1684 * i;
		rgb2yuv03316[i] = (float)0.3316 * i;
		rgb2yuv05000[i] = (float)0.5 * i;
		rgb2yuv04187[i] = (float)0.4187 * i;
		rgb2yuv00813[i] = (float)0.0813 * i;
	}

}

 3.主函数部分：

        1）读取文件，新建文件            

	FILE* fp1 = NULL; FILE* fp2 = NULL;
	fopen_s(&fp1,argv[1], "rb");
	fopen_s(&fp2,argv[2], "wb");

	fread(RGB, sizeof(unsigned char), 256 * 256 * 3, fp1);//读取文件

        2）开辟内存空间

unsigned char* RGB, * R, * G, * B, * Y, * U, * V;
	RGB = (unsigned char*)malloc(sizeof(unsigned char) * 256 * 256 * 3);
	R = (unsigned char*)malloc(sizeof(unsigned char) * 256 * 256);
	G = (unsigned char*)malloc(sizeof(unsigned char) * 256 * 256);
	B = (unsigned char*)malloc(sizeof(unsigned char) * 256 * 256);
	Y = (unsigned char*)malloc(sizeof(unsigned char) * 256 * 256);
	U = (unsigned char*)malloc(sizeof(unsigned char) * 256 * 256 / 4);
	V = (unsigned char*)malloc(sizeof(unsigned char) * 256 * 256 / 4);

        3）Y，U，V的确定（调用查找表）

	int k = 0;
	for(int i = 0; i < width* height * 3; i++){
		Initrgb_table();
		Y[k] = rgb2yuv01140[RGB[i]] + rgb2yuv05870[RGB[i]] + rgb2yuv02990[RGB[i]];
		if (Y[k] > 235)
			Y[k] = 235;
		if (Y[k] < 16)
			Y[k] = 16;
}

		unsigned char* b = NULL; b = (unsigned char*)RGB;
		unsigned char* g = NULL; unsigned char* r = NULL;
		unsigned char* u = NULL; u = (unsigned char*)U;
		unsigned char* v = NULL; v = (unsigned char*)V;
		int m = 0;
		int n = 0;
		for (int j = 0; j < height; j++) {
			for (int i = 0; i < width; i++) {
				g = b + 1;
				r = b + 2;
				if (i % 2 == 0 && j % 2 == 0) {
					Initrgb_table();
					*u = (unsigned char)(-rgb2yuv01684[*r] - rgb2yuv03316[*g]
						+ (*b) / 2 + 128);
					*v = (unsigned char)((*r) / 2 - rgb2yuv04187[*g]
						- rgb2yuv00813[*b] + 128);
					u++;
					v++;
				}
				b += 3;
			}
		}

4）写进新建文件

	fwrite(Y, 256 * 256, sizeof(unsigned char), fp2);
	fwrite(u, 256 * 256/4, sizeof(unsigned char), fp2);
	fwrite(v, 256 * 256/4, sizeof(unsigned char), fp2);

5）释放内存空间

	free(RGB); 
	free(R); free(G); free(B);
	free(Y); free(U); free(V);
	fclose(fp1);
	fclose(fp2);

4. 总结思考：1）熟悉查找表的使用，使代码更加简单

2）明确亮度方程，以及RGB文件和YUV文件的存储格式

3）对于每个变量的内存空间要分配够，不可多也不可少

4）在确定U,V时要重新定义变量，因为分配内存空间后，指针移动的话会造成空间变大