·概念
*Java DataBase Connectivity Java 数据库连接,Java语言操作数据库
*JDBC本质:其实是官方(sun公司)定义的一套操作所有关系型数据库的规则,即接口。各个数据库厂商去实现这套接口,提供数据库驱动jar包,我们可以使用这套接口(JDBC)编程,真正执行的代码是驱动jar包中的实现类
·快速入门
新建一个项目,在项目下新建一个文件夹libs,方便以后管理jar包。项目结构如下:
*步骤:
1.导入驱动jar包 mysql-connector-java-5.1.37-bin.jar
1. 复制mysql-connector-java-5.1.37-bin.jar到项目的libs目录下
jar包链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1CfGEyEV4h1aqXpQ9Ad8r5A
提取码:1234
2.选中项目-->右键-->Add As Library-->OK
package cn.itcast.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
/*
JDBC快速入门
*/
public class JdbcDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.导入驱动jar包 mysql-connector-java-5.1.37-bin.jar
//2.注册驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//3.获取数据库连接对象
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db1", "root", "123");
//4.定义sql语句
String sql="update account set balance=500 where id=1";
//5.获取执行sql的对象 Statement
Statement stmt= conn.createStatement();
//6.执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
//7.处理结果
System.out.println(count);
//8.释放资源
stmt.close();
conn.close();
}
}
· 详解各个对象:
1.DriverManager:驱动管理对象
*功能:
1.注册驱动:告诉程序该使用哪一个驱动jar包
static void registerDriver(Driver driver):注册与给定的驱动程序 DriverManager
写代码使用:Class.forname("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
通过查看源码发现:在com.mysql.jdbc.Driver中存在静态代码块
static{
try{
java.sql.DriverManager.registerDriver(new Driver());
}catch(SQLException E){
throw new RuntimeException("Can't register driver!");
}
}
注意;mysql5之后的驱动jar包可以省略注册驱动的步骤
2.获取数据库连接
方法:static Connection getConnection(String url,String user,String password)
参数:
*url:指定连接的路径
*语法:jdbc:mysql://ip地址(域名):端口号/数据库名称
*例子:jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db3
*细节:如果连接的是本机的一个mysql服务器,并且mysql服务默认端口是3306,则url可以简写为jdbc:mysql:///数据库名称
*user:用户名
*password:密码
2.Connection:数据库连接对象
1.功能:
1.获取执行sql的对象
*Statement createStatement()
*PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql)
2.管理事务:
*开启事务:setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit):调用该方法设置参数为false,即开始事务
*提交事务:commit()
*回滚事务:rollback()
3.Statement:执行sql的对象
1.执行sql
*int executeUpdate(String sql):执行DML(insert、update、delete)语句、DDL(create、alter、drop)语句 返回值:影响的行数,可以通过影响的行数判断DML语句是否执行成功返回值>0则成功
*ResultSet executeQuery(String sql):执行DQL(select)语句
以下展示一个小例子:
package cn.itcast.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
//account表 修改记录
public class JDBCDemo3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection conn=null;
Statement stmt=null;
//1.注册驱动
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2.定义sql
String sql="update account set name='xixi' where id=3";//改变account表中id为3的用户名
//3.获取Connection对象
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db1", "root", "123");
//4.获取执行sql的对象 Statement
stmt = conn.createStatement();
//5.执行sql语句
int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
//6.处理结果
System.out.println(count);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException | SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if(stmt!=null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(conn!=null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
4.ResultSet:结果集对象
*boolean next():在表中,游标向下移动一行,判断当前行是否是最后一行末尾 (是否有数据)
如果是,则返回false,如果不是,则返回true
*getxxx(参数):获取数据;
*xxx代表数据类型, 如:int getInt() ,String getString()
*参数:
1.int类型:代表列的编号,从1开始
2.String类型:代表列的名称 如:getxxx(列名称)
*注意:
*使用步骤:
1.游标向下移动一行
2.判断是否有数据
3.获取数据
package cn.itcast.jdbc;
import java.sql.*;
//account表 修改记录
public class JDBCDemo3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection conn=null;
Statement stmt=null;
//1.注册驱动
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2.定义sql
String sql="select * from account";//改变account表中id为3的用户名
//3.获取Connection对象
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db1", "root", "123");
//4.获取执行sql的对象 Statement
stmt = conn.createStatement();
//5.执行sql语句
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
//6.处理结果
//6.1让游标向下移动一行
while(rs.next()) {
//循环判断游标是否是最后一行末尾
//6.2获取数据
int id = rs.getInt(1);
String name = rs.getString(2);
double balance = rs.getDouble(3);
System.out.println(id + "---" + name + "---" + balance);
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException | SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if(stmt!=null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(conn!=null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
练习:定义一个方法,查询emp表的数据将其封装为对象,然后装载集合,返回。
package cn.itcast.jdbc;
import java.util.Date;
public class Emp {
private int id;
private String name;
private int job_id;
private int mgr;
private Date joindate;
private double salary;
private double bonus;
private int dept_id;
public Emp() {
}
public Emp(int id, String name, int job_id, int mgr, Date joindate, double salary, double bonus, int dept_id) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.job_id = job_id;
this.mgr = mgr;
this.joindate = joindate;
this.salary = salary;
this.bonus = bonus;
this.dept_id = dept_id;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getJob_id() {
return job_id;
}
public void setJob_id(int job_id) {
this.job_id = job_id;
}
public int getMgr() {
return mgr;
}
public void setMgr(int mgr) {
this.mgr = mgr;
}
public Date getJoindate() {
return joindate;
}
public void setJoindate(Date joindate) {
this.joindate = joindate;
}
public double getSalary() {
return salary;
}
public void setSalary(double salary) {
this.salary = salary;
}
public double getBonus() {
return bonus;
}
public void setBonus(double bonus) {
this.bonus = bonus;
}
public int getDept_id() {
return dept_id;
}
public void setDept_id(int dept_id) {
this.dept_id = dept_id;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Emp{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", job_id=" + job_id +
", mgr=" + mgr +
", joindate=" + joindate +
", salary=" + salary +
", bonus=" + bonus +
", dept_id=" + dept_id +
'}';
}
}
package cn.itcast.jdbc;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class JDBCDemo4 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Emp> list = new JDBCDemo4().findAll();
System.out.println(list);
}
List<Emp> list=new ArrayList<Emp>();
Emp emp=new Emp();
ResultSet rs=null;
Statement stmt=null;
Connection conn=null;
public List<Emp> findAll(){
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
String sql="select * from emp";
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db1", "root", "123");
stmt = conn.createStatement();
rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
while(rs.next()){
int id = rs.getInt("id");
String ename = rs.getString("ename");
int job_id=rs.getInt("job_id");
int mgr = rs.getInt("mgr");
Date joindate=rs.getDate("joindate");
double salary = rs.getDouble("salary");
double bonus=rs.getDouble("bonus");
int dept_id = rs.getInt("dept_id");
emp.setId(id);
emp.setName(ename);
emp.setJob_id(job_id);
emp.setMgr(mgr);
emp.setJoindate(joindate);
emp.setSalary(salary);
emp.setBonus(bonus);
emp.setDept_id(dept_id);
list.add(emp);
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException | SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if(rs!=null){
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(conn!=null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(stmt!=null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return list;
}
}
5.PreparedStatement:执行sql的对象