EL表达式
什么是EL表达式
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
request.setAttribute("key", "值");
%>
表达式脚本输出key的值是:<%=request.getAttribute("key")%> <br>
EL表达式输出key的值是:${key}
</body>
</html>
- 这样输出的结果相同
- EL表达式在输出null值(比如key1)的时候,输出的是空串;jsp表达式脚本输出null值的时候,输出的是null字符串
EL表达式搜索四个域的顺序
EL表达式主要是在jsp页面中输出数据
主要是输出域对象中的数据
- session中的数据浏览器关闭后才会消失,所以哪怕注释session后然后刷新页面,还是会输出session
- 当四个域中都有相同的key的数据的时候,EL表达式会根据四个域的从小到大的顺序去进行搜索,找到就输出
EL表达式输出复杂的Bean对象
package com.atguigu.pojo;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public class Person {
private String name;
private String[] phones;
private List<String> cities;
private Map<String, Object> map;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", phones=" + Arrays.toString(phones) +
", cities=" + cities +
", map=" + map +
'}';
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String[] getPhones() {
return phones;
}
public void setPhones(String[] phones) {
this.phones = phones;
}
public List<String> getCities() {
return cities;
}
public void setCities(List<String> cities) {
this.cities = cities;
}
public Map<String, Object> getMap() {
return map;
}
public void setMap(Map<String, Object> map) {
this.map = map;
}
public Person(String name, String[] phones, List<String> cities, Map<String, Object> map) {
this.name = name;
this.phones = phones;
this.cities = cities;
this.map = map;
}
public Person() {
}
}
<%@ page import="com.atguigu.pojo.Person" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.List" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.ArrayList" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.Map" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.HashMap" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
Person person = new Person();
person.setName("name111");
person.setPhones(new String[]{"123", "456", "789"});
List<String> cities = new ArrayList<String>();
cities.add("beijin");
cities.add("shanghai");
cities.add("shenzheng");
person.setCities(cities);
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("key1", "value1");
map.put("key2", "value2");
map.put("key3", "value3");
person.setMap(map);
pageContext.setAttribute("key_person", person);
%>
${ key_person }
</body>
</html>
<%@ page import="com.atguigu.pojo.Person" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.List" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.ArrayList" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.Map" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.HashMap" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
Person person = new Person();
person.setName("name111");
person.setPhones(new String[]{"123", "456", "789"});
List<String> cities = new ArrayList<String>();
cities.add("beijin");
cities.add("shanghai");
cities.add("shenzheng");
person.setCities(cities);
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("key1", "value1");
map.put("key2", "value2");
map.put("key3", "value3");
person.setMap(map);
pageContext.setAttribute("key_person", person);
%>
${ key_person } <br>
${ key_person.name } <br>
${ key_person.phones } <br>
${ key_person.phones[1] } <br>
${ key_person.cities } <br>
${ key_person.cities[1] } <br>
${ key_person.map } <br>
${key_person.map[key2]} <br>
</body>
</html>
- 注意EL表达式是不需要引入jstl.jar的
- 注意到输出map是输出花括号包裹的键值对;输出List得到的是由[]包裹起来的;输出数组得到的是首地址
- 通过实验,我们注意到 :EL表达式中,找的不是这个属性,而是
找这个属性所对应的get方法
关系运算
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${12 == 12} 或 ${12 eq 12} <br>
</body>
</html>
逻辑运算
算术运算
empty运算
<%@ page import="java.util.List" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.ArrayList" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.Map" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.HashMap" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
// 1、值为null值的时候,为空
request.setAttribute("key1", null); // true
request.setAttribute("key2", new Object()); // false ,非空!
// 2、值为空串的时候,为空
request.setAttribute("key3", ""); // true
request.setAttribute("key4", " "); // false
// 3、值是Object类型数组,长度为零时为空
request.setAttribute("key5", new Object[]{}); // true
request.setAttribute("key6", new Object[]{"12"}); // false
// 4、list集合,元素个数为零
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
request.setAttribute("key7", list); // true
// 5、map集合,元素个数为零
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
request.setAttribute("key8", , map); // true
%>
${ empty key1 }
</body>
</html>
三元运算
${ 12 == 12 ? "123" : "456" }
点运算和中括号运算
.点运算,可以输出bean对象中某个属性的值
[]中括号运算,可以输出有序集合中某个元素的值
并且中括号运算还可以输出map集合中 key 里含有特殊字符的key的值(比如. 和 逻辑运算符)
- 不要忘了引号,单引号或者双引号都可以
11个EL隐含对象
pageScope、requestScope、sessionScope、applicationScope演示
- 要先在某个域中setAttribute
- 之前直接
${ key1 }
是按四个域从小到大的顺序去搜索的 - 如果使用比如
${ applicationScope.key1 }
我们就可以选择性地去搜索了
pageContext演示
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${ pageContext } <br>
1、协议
<%--
request.getScheme() 可以获取请求的协议
--%>
<%=request.getScheme()%> <br> <%-- http --%>
${ pageContext.request.scheme } <br> <%-- 因为在el表达式中默认会找点后面内容所对应的"get"方法 --%> <%-- http --%>
2、请求的服务器ip或域名
<%=request.getServerName()%> <br> <%-- localhost --%>
${ pageContext.request.serverName } <br>
3、服务器端口
<%=request.getServerPort()%> <br>
${ pageContext.request.serverPort } <br>
4、获取当前的工程路径
<%=request.getContextPath()%> <br>
${ pageContext.request.contextPath } <br>
5、获取请求方法
<%=request.getMethod()%> <br>
${ pageContext.request.method } <br>
6、获取客户端ip地址
<%=request.getRemoteHost()%> <br>
${ pageContext.request.remoteHost } <br>
7、获取会话的id编号
<%=session.getId()%> <br>
${ pageContext.session.id } <br>
</body>
</html>
- 有同学就要问啦,不是说好的el表达式比表达式脚本简介嘛?有一个小技巧 :
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
pageContext.setAttribute("req", request);
%>
${ req.scheme }
</body>
</html>
其他EL隐含对象的示例
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${ param }
</body>
</html>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
输出请求参数username的值 :${ param.username }
</body>
</html>
- 当一个参数有多个值时,用param只能得到其中一个,要得到全部的,应该用paramValues
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${ paramValues } <br>
${ paramValues.username[0] } <br>
${ paramValues.hobby[0] } <br>
${ paramValues.hobby[1] } <br>
</body>
</html>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${ header } <br>
${ header['User-Agent'] } <br> <%-- 注意不能用header.User-Agent --%>
</body>
</html>
- 如果有多个值的时候用headerValues,但是直接得到的是数组,还要配合下标使用
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${ headerValues['User-Agent'] } <br> <%-- 这样直接得到的是个数组,而不是具体内容 --%>
${ headerValues['User-Agent'][0] } <br>
</body>
</html>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${ cookie } <br>
获取cookie的名称 :${ cookie.JSESSIONID.name } <br> <%-- 调用getName()方法 --%>
</body>
</html>
- 要先在web.xml中配置参数,用initParam才有值
JSTL标签库
JSTL标签库的介绍
标签库的使用步骤
- 在web-inf目录下创建一个lib目录用来放jar包
- 还要 Add as Library,记得选 模块库,不是项目库
set标签
- 其中,page是默认值
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
保存之前:${ requestScope.abc } <br>
<c:set scope="request" var="abc" value="abcValue" />
保存之后:${ requestScope.abc } <br>
</body>
</html>
if标签
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<c:if test="${ 12 == 12 }">
<h1>12 == 12</h1>
</c:if>
</body>
</html>
choose,when,otherwise标签
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
request.setAttribute("height", 180);
%>
<c:choose>
<c:when test="${ requestScope.height > 190 }">
<h2>小巨人</h2>
</c:when>
<c:when test="${ requestScope.height > 180 }">
<h2>很高</h2>
</c:when>
<c:when test="${ requestScope.height > 170 }">
<h2>还可以</h2>
</c:when>
<c:otherwise>
<h2>剩下小于170的情况</h2>
</c:otherwise>
</c:choose>
</body>
</html>
使用foreach遍历1-10输出
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<c:forEach begin="1" end="10" var="i">
<h1> ${ i } </h1>
</c:forEach>
</body>
</html>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<table>
<c:forEach begin="1" end="10" var="i">
<tr>
<td>第${ i }</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
</body>
</html>
使用foreach遍历Object数组
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
request.setAttribute("arr", new String[]{"123", "456", "789"});
%>
<c:forEach items="${ requestScope.arr }" var="item">
${ item } <br>
</c:forEach>
</body>
</html>
使用foreach遍历map集合
<%@ page import="java.util.Map" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.HashMap" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
map.put("key1", "value1");
map.put("key2", "value2");
map.put("key3", "value3");
request.setAttribute("map", map);
%>
<%-- for ( Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : map.entrySet()) --%>
<c:forEach items="${ requestScope.map }" var="entry">
<h1>${ entry } : ${ entry.key } = ${ entry.value }</h1>
</c:forEach>
</body>
</html>
使用foreach遍历list集合
<%@ page import="java.util.Map" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.HashMap" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.List" %>
<%@ page import="com.atguigu.pojo.Student" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.ArrayList" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
List<Student> studentList = new ArrayList<Student>();
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i ++ )
studentList.add(new Student(i, "username" + i, "pass" + i, 18 + i, "phone" + i));
request.setAttribute("stus", studentList);
%>
<table>
<tr>
<th>编号</th>
<th>用户名</th>
<th>密码</th>
<th>年龄</th>
<th>电话</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
<c:forEach items="${ requestScope.stus }" var="stu">
<tr>
<td>${ stu.id }</td>
<td>${ stu.username }</td>
<td>${ stu.password }</td>
<td>${ stu.age }</td>
<td>${ stu.phone }</td>
<td> 删除、修改 </td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
</body>
</html>
foreach标签所有属性组合使用介绍