C语言——每日一题(2)

题目要求

解析/etc/passwd文件内容,并保存到数组中,按照用户名和uid分别进行排序。

struct user {
    char *name;
    unsigned int uid;
    unsigned int gid;
    char home[64];
    char shell[64];
};

与前一天的每日一题,非常相似,解析过程基本相同。
C语言——每日一题(1)

咱们来看代码过程,经过了多次版本的优化,感觉还是进步了那么一点点。

1. 数组操作初始版本

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <err.h>

#define BUF_SIZE 256

static int compareByUID(const void *, const void *);
static int compareByName(const void *, const void *);

struct user {
    char name[100];
    unsigned int uid;
}user;

int compareByName(const void *a, const void *b) {
    return strcmp(((struct user *)a)->name, ((struct user *)b)->name);
}

int compareByUID(const void *a, const void *b) {
    return ((struct user *)a)->uid - ((struct user *)b)->uid;
}

int parse_user(char* str, struct user *new_user){
    int flags = sscanf(str, "%[^:]:%*[^:]:%u", new_user->name, &new_user->uid);
    if(flags == 2){
        return 0;
    }
    return -1;
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
    FILE *fp = fopen("passwd.txt", "r");
    if(fp == NULL){
        perror("open");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    struct user userInfo[100];
    int userCount = 0;

    char buf[BUF_SIZE];

    while(fgets(buf, BUF_SIZE, fp)){
        if(parse_user(buf, &userInfo[userCount++])){
            printf("Parse users error\n");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
    }

    fclose(fp);

    printf("old userInfo>>>>>>>>>\n");
    for(int i = 0;i < userCount; i++){
        printf("Name: %s, Uid: %d\n", userInfo[i].name, userInfo[i].uid);
    }

    printf("========================================\n");
    printf("qsortByUID userInfo>>>>>>>>>\n");

    qsort(userInfo, userCount, sizeof(struct user), compareByUID);
    
    for(int i = 0;i < userCount; i++){
        printf("Name: %s, Uid: %d\n", userInfo[i].name, userInfo[i].uid);
    }

    printf("========================================\n");
    printf("qsortByName userInfo>>>>>>>>>\n");

    qsort(userInfo, userCount, sizeof(struct user), compareByName);
    
    for(int i = 0;i < userCount; i++){
        printf("Name: %s, Uid: %d\n", userInfo[i].name, userInfo[i].uid);
    }

    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

2. 指针操作版本

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <err.h>

#define BUF_SIZE 1024

static int compareByUID(const void *, const void *);
static int compareByName(const void *, const void *);
struct user *parse_user(char* str);
void qSort_type(struct user **userInfo, int userCount, int compareUID, int compareName);
void free_user(struct user **userInfo, int userCount);

struct user {
    char name[100];
    unsigned int uid;
}user;

int compareByName(const void *a, const void *b) {
    return strcmp((*(struct user **)a)->name, (*(struct user **)b)->name);
}

int compareByUID(const void *a, const void *b) {
    return (*(struct user **)a)->uid - (*(struct user **)b)->uid;
}

struct user *parse_user(char* str){
    struct user *new_user = (struct user*)malloc(sizeof(struct user));
    if(new_user == NULL){
       err(EXIT_FAILURE, "malloc");
    }
    memset(new_user, 0, sizeof(*new_user));

    int flags = sscanf(str, "%[^:]:%*[^:]:%u", new_user->name, &new_user->uid);
    if(flags != 2){
        printf("error %d parsed", flags);
        printf("Error str: %s\n",str);
    }
    return new_user;
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
    FILE *fp = fopen("passwd.txt", "r");
    if(fp == NULL){
        perror("open");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    struct user **userInfo = NULL;
    int userCount = 0;

    char buf[BUF_SIZE];

    while(fgets(buf, BUF_SIZE, fp)){
        struct user *new_user = parse_user(buf);
        userInfo = (struct user **)realloc(userInfo, (userCount + 1) * sizeof(struct user *));
        if(userInfo == NULL){
            err(EXIT_FAILURE, "realloc");
        }
        userInfo[userCount++] = new_user;
    }

    fclose(fp);

    printf("old userInfo>>>>>>>>>\n");
    qSort_type(userInfo,userCount,0, 0);

    printf("========================================\n");
    printf("qsortByName userInfo>>>>>>>>>\n");
    qSort_type(userInfo,userCount, 1, 0);  

    printf("========================================\n");
    printf("qsortByUID userInfo>>>>>>>>>\n");
    qSort_type(userInfo,userCount, 0, 1);  
 
    free_user(userInfo,userCount);

    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

void qSort_type(struct user **userInfo, int userCount, int compareUID, int compareName){
    for(int i = 0; i < userCount; i++){
        if(!compareUID && compareName){
            qsort(userInfo, userCount, sizeof(struct user *), compareByName);
        }else if(compareUID && !compareName){
            qsort(userInfo, userCount, sizeof(struct user *), compareByUID);
        }
        printf("Name: %s, Uid: %d\n", userInfo[i]->name, userInfo[i]->uid);
    }
}

void free_user(struct user **userInfo, int userCount){
    for(int i = 0;i < userCount; i++){
        free(userInfo[i]);
    }
    free(userInfo);
}

3. 数组优化版本1

  1. 采用参数传递方式实现不同顺序
  2. 默认不加参数,则输出原序内容
  3. -n 按照name排序
  4. -d 按照uid排序
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<err.h>
#include<string.h>

#define BUF_SIZE 512

int getopt(int argc, char * const argv[], const char *optstring);
extern char *optarg;
extern int optind, opterr, optopt;

static int parse_user(char* str, struct user* new_user);
int commpare(const void *a, const void *b);
void qsort_type(int userCount);
void user_core(void);

struct user {
    char *name;
    unsigned int uid;
    unsigned int gid;
    char home[64];
    char shell[64];
};

enum sort_type {
    SORT_NONE=0,
    SORT_NAME=1,
    SORT_UID
};

static struct user userInfo[100];
static enum sort_type sort_type;

static int parse_user(char* str, struct user* new_user){
    memset(new_user, 0, sizeof(*new_user));

    if (sscanf(str, "%m[^:]:%*[^:]:%u:%u:%*[^:]:%63[^:]:%63s",  \
        &(new_user->name), &(new_user->uid), &(new_user->gid),new_user->home, new_user->shell) == 5){
            return 0;
    }else if(sscanf(str, "%m[^:]:%*[^:]:%u:%u::%63[^:]:%63s",     \
        &(new_user->name), &(new_user->uid), &(new_user->gid),new_user->home, new_user->shell) == 5){
            return 0;
    }

    if(new_user && new_user->name) free(new_user->name);
    if(new_user) free(new_user);

    return -1;
}

int commpare(const void *a, const void *b){
    switch (sort_type)
    {
    case SORT_NAME:
        return strcmp(((struct user*)a)->name, ((struct user*)b)->name);
        break;
    case SORT_UID:
        return ((struct user*)a)->uid - ((struct user*)b)->uid;
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }
}

void qsort_type(int userCount){
    if(sort_type != SORT_NONE){
        qsort(userInfo, userCount, sizeof(struct user), commpare);
    }
    return;
}

void user_core(void){
    FILE* fp = fopen("passwd.txt", "r");
    if(fp == NULL){
        perror("fopen");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
    int userCount = 0;

    while(fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp)){
        if(parse_user(buf, &userInfo[userCount++])){
            printf("parse_user error\n");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
    }
    fclose(fp);
    qsort_type(userCount);

    printf("name\t uid\t gid\t home\t shell\n");
    for(int i = 0;i < userCount; i++){  
        printf("%s\t %u\t %u\t %s\t %s\n",  \
        userInfo[i].name, userInfo[i].uid, userInfo[i].gid,userInfo[i].home, userInfo[i].shell);
    }

    for(int i = 0;i < userCount; i++){
        if(userInfo[i].name) free(userInfo[i].name);
    }
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
    sort_type = SORT_NONE;
    int opt;
    while((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "nd")) != -1){
        switch (opt)
        {
        case 'n':
            sort_type = SORT_NAME;
            break;
        case 'd':
            sort_type = SORT_UID;
            break;
        default:
            (void)fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [-nd] \n",argv[0]);
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
    }
    // printf("optind = %d\n", optind);
    if(optind > argc){
        fprintf(stderr, "Expected argument after options\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    user_core();

    return 0;
}

4. 数组继续优化2

方法3采用数组固定分配内存,利用率低。

  1. 优化采用动态内存分配的方式完成
  2. 加入DEBUG以跟踪代码,方便调试
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<err.h>
#include<string.h>

#define BUF_SIZE 255

#define DEBUG
#ifdef DEBUG
#define DPRINTF(format,...)                                                 \
    do { printf("%s::%s "format,__FILE__,__FUNCTION__,##__VA_ARGS__);}while(0)
#else
#define DPRINTF(format,...)
#endif

struct user {
    char *name;
    unsigned int uid;
    unsigned int gid;
    char home[64];
    char shell[64];
};

enum sort_type {
    SORT_NAME,
    SORT_UID,
    SORT_NONE
};

struct user *user_core(struct user* users, int *num);
struct user *expand_malloc(struct user* users);
void print_users(struct user users[], int count);
void free_users(struct user users[], int count);
int compare(const void *a, const void *b);

static int _size = 2;
static enum sort_type sort_type;


struct user *user_core(struct user *users, int *num){

    struct user *u = users;
    char buf[BUF_SIZE];

    FILE *fp = fopen("/etc/passwd","r");
    if(fp == NULL) goto error;

    while(fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp) != NULL){
        memset(u, 0, sizeof(*u));
        int n;
        n = sscanf(buf, "%m[^:]:%*[^:]:%u:%u:%*[^:]:%63[^:]:%63s",&(u->name),&(u->uid),&(u->gid),u->home,u->shell) == 5 
        | sscanf(buf, "%m[^:]:%*[^:]:%u:%u::%63[^:]:%63s",&(u->name),&(u->uid),&(u->gid),u->home,u->shell) == 5 ;

        if(n != 0){
            if((++u - users) >= _size){
                users = expand_malloc(users);
                u = users + (_size / 2);
            }
            continue;
        }else{
            *num = u - users;
            DPRINTF("Parse Error: %d\n",n);
            goto error;
        }
    }
    *num = u - users;
    DPRINTF("%d users be parsed\n", *num);
    fclose(fp);
    
    return users;
    
error:
    if(u && u->name) free(u->name);
    if(u)            free(u);
    if(fp)           fclose(fp);
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

struct user *expand_malloc(struct user* users){
    struct user *new = users;
    _size = _size * 2;
    new = (struct user *)realloc(users, sizeof(struct user) * _size);
    if(new == NULL) exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    return new;
}

void print_users(struct user users[], int count){
    struct user *u = users;
    DPRINTF("Name\tuid\tgid\thome\tshell\n");
    for(int i = 0; i < count; i++, u++){
        DPRINTF("%s\t%u\t%u\t%s\t%s\n",u->name,u->uid,u->gid,u->home,u->shell);
    }
}

void free_users(struct user users[], int count){
    for(int i = 0; i < count; i++){
        free(users[i].name);
    }
    free(users);
}

int compare(const void *a, const void *b){
    switch(sort_type)
    {
        case SORT_NAME:
            return strcmp(((struct user *)a)->name, ((struct user *)b)->name);
            break;
        case SORT_UID:
            return ((struct user *)a)->uid - ((struct user *)b)->uid;
            break;
        default:
            DPRINTF("sort_type Invalid.\n");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    return -1;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]){

    struct user *users = malloc(sizeof(struct user) *_size);
    sort_type = SORT_NONE;
    int opt;
    int count = 0;

    users = user_core(users, &count);

    while((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "nd")) != -1){
        switch(opt){
            case 'n':
                sort_type = SORT_NAME;
                break;
            case 'd':
                sort_type = SORT_UID;
                break;
            default:
                (void)fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s -[nd]\n",argv[0]);
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
    }

    if(optind > argc){
        fprintf(stderr, "Expected argument after options\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    
    
    DPRINTF("\033[0;33m+====================================================+\033[5m\n");
    print_users(users, count);

    qsort(users, count, sizeof(struct user), compare);

    DPRINTF("\033[0;32m+=====================Qsort=========================+\033[5m\n");
    print_users(users, count);

    free_users(users, count);

    return 0;
}

输出结果:
不加参数
-n 以name排序
-d 以uid排序

每天进步一点点,上传一张苏州落日下的大裤衩照片,很不错哦
在这里插入图片描述
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C语言 每日一题(2)

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