接口测试——HtmlUnit、OkHttp

Xuhx&

已于 2024-03-02 11:40:51 修改

阅读量411

点赞数

分类专栏：接口测试文章标签：软件测试

于 2022-09-20 16:23:02 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_51508220/article/details/126953270

版权

接口测试专栏收录该内容

3 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

HtmlUnit、OkHttp

HtmlUnit
- - 简单介绍
  - 简单demo
OkHttp
- - 简单了解
  - 简单demo

HtmlUnit

简单介绍

HtmlUnit相比于HttpClient功能更加强大，就像一个浏览器，是Junit的扩展测试框架之一，该框架模拟浏览器的行为，开发者可以使用其提供的API对页面的元素进行操作。支持HTTP, HTTPS,COOKIE，表单的POST和GET方法,能够对html文档进行包装，页面的各种元素都可以被当作对象进行调用，对JavaScript的支持也比较好。
官网地址：HtmlUnit官网地址
下载后的如下图所示：

当缺少什么包时，可以尝试去该地址mvnrepository下载响应的jar包。
我有下载了一个：jquery-3.5.1.jar

简单demo

模拟bugfree登录。并不会真正的打开浏览器
代码如下：

	@Test
	public void testBugfree() throws FailingHttpStatusCodeException, MalformedURLException, IOException {
		String url = "http://146.56.246.116:8081";
		WebClient client = new WebClient();
		HtmlPage page1 = client.getPage(url);
		HtmlElement username= page1.getHtmlElementById("LoginForm_username");
		HtmlElement password = page1.getHtmlElementById("LoginForm_password");
		username.type("admin");
		password.type("123456");
		HtmlPage page2 = page1.getHtmlElementById("SubmitLoginBTN").click();
		System.out.println(page2.asXml());
	}

打印出来的部分内容如下：

在这里插入图片描述

getDemo
注意第一个测试方法中的url2,不用使用encode方法，和httpclient中的不同。而带中文的参数，只能用第二个测试方法，机型编码设置。

package demo;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;

import org.eclipse.jetty.util.UrlEncoded;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.FailingHttpStatusCodeException;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.HttpMethod;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.Page;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebRequest;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebResponse;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.util.NameValuePair;

public class GetDemo {

	@Test
	public void testGetNopara() throws FailingHttpStatusCodeException, IOException {
		String url = "http://146.56.246.116:8899/common/skuList";
		String url2 = "http://146.56.246.116:8080/Supermarket/analysis/lookupprice?goodsCode={\"pId\":\"123457\"}";
		//String url3 = "https://movie.douban.com/j/search_subjects?type=tv&tag=热门&page_limit=50&page_start=0";
		
		// 1.创建client对象
		WebClient client = new WebClient();
		// 2.创建request
		WebRequest request = new WebRequest(new URL(url2), HttpMethod.GET);
		// 3.执行请求
		Page page = client.getPage(request);
		// 4.获得响应
		WebResponse response = page.getWebResponse();
		// 5.获得响应正文

		String result = response.getContentAsString(Charset.defaultCharset().forName("utf-8"));
		System.out.println(result);

		// 6.关闭Client对象
		client.close();
	}

	@Test
	public void testGetBypara() throws FailingHttpStatusCodeException, IOException {

		String url3 = "https://movie.douban.com/j/search_subjects";
		// 1.创建client对象
		WebClient client = new WebClient();

		// 2.创建WebRequest
		List<NameValuePair> para = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
		NameValuePair p1 = new NameValuePair("type", "tv");
		NameValuePair p2 = new NameValuePair("tag", "热门");
		NameValuePair p3 = new NameValuePair("page_limit", "50");
		NameValuePair p4 = new NameValuePair("page_start", "0");
		para.add(p1);
		para.add(p2);
		para.add(p3);
		para.add(p4);

		WebRequest request = new WebRequest(new URL(url3), HttpMethod.GET);
		request.setCharset(Charset.forName("utf-8"));
		request.setRequestParameters(para);
		// 3.执行请求
		Page page = client.getPage(request);
		// 4.获得响应
		WebResponse response = page.getWebResponse();
		// 5.获得响应正文

		String result = response.getContentAsString(Charset.defaultCharset().forName("utf-8"));
		System.out.println(result);

		// 6.关闭
		client.close();

	}
}

结果如下：

在这里插入图片描述

postDemo
该demo展示了两种(form、json)请求体的设置，重点在请求体的设置区别。

package demo;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;

import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import com.alibaba.fastjson2.JSONObject;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.FailingHttpStatusCodeException;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.HttpMethod;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebRequest;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebResponse;

public class PostDemo {

	@Test
	public void testByForm() throws FailingHttpStatusCodeException, IOException {
		String url = "http://httpbin.org/post";
		// 1.创建Client对象
		WebClient client = new WebClient();
		// 2.创建request
		WebRequest request = new WebRequest(new URL(url), HttpMethod.POST);
		client.addRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
		request.setRequestBody("username=vip&password=secret");

		WebResponse response = client.getPage(request).getWebResponse();
		String result = response.getContentAsString(Charset.forName("utf-8"));
		System.out.println(result);
		client.close();
	}

	@Test
	public void testByJSON() throws FailingHttpStatusCodeException, IOException {
		String url = "http://146.56.246.116:8899/common/fgadmin/login";
		WebClient client = new WebClient();
		WebRequest request = new WebRequest(new URL(url), HttpMethod.POST);

		// 设置请求体
		JSONObject user = new JSONObject();
		user.put("phoneArea", "86");
		user.put("phoneNumber", "2000");
		user.put("password", "123456");

		client.addRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
		request.setRequestBody(user.toString());
		WebResponse response = client.getPage(request).getWebResponse();
		String result = response.getContentAsString();
		System.out.println(result);
		client.close();
	}
}

cookie的获取及使用。

两个client之间的关联。
核心代码：

//获取
Set<Cookie> cookies = client1.getCookieManager().getCookies();
//使用
Iterator<Cookie> i =cookies .iterator();
 while (i.hasNext()) 
 {
     client2.getCookieManager().addCookie(i.next());
 }

package demo;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;

import org.omg.CORBA.PUBLIC_MEMBER;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import com.alibaba.fastjson2.JSONObject;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.FailingHttpStatusCodeException;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.HttpMethod;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebRequest;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebResponse;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.util.Cookie;

public class CookieDemo {

	// 登录的方法，返回cookie
	public static Set<Cookie> getCookies(JSONObject user) throws FailingHttpStatusCodeException, IOException {
		String url = "http://146.56.246.116:8899/common/fgadmin/login";
		WebClient client = new WebClient();
		WebRequest request = new WebRequest(new URL(url), HttpMethod.POST);
		client.addRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
		request.setRequestBody(user.toString());
		WebResponse response = client.getPage(request).getWebResponse();
		String result = response.getContentAsString();
		System.out.println(result);
		client.close();
		return client.getCookieManager().getCookies();
	}

	@Test
	public void testGetAddress() throws FailingHttpStatusCodeException, IOException {
		String url = "http://146.56.246.116:8899/fgadmin/address/list";
		WebClient client = new WebClient();

		JSONObject user = new JSONObject();
		user.put("phoneArea", "86");
		user.put("phoneNumber", "2000");
		user.put("password", "123456");

		// 调用上述登录方法，并得到cookie
		Set<Cookie> cookies_old = getCookies(user);
		Iterator<Cookie> cookie = cookies_old.iterator();

		// 将登录产生cookie加入到当前的client对象中。
		while (cookie.hasNext()) {
			client.getCookieManager().addCookie(cookie.next());
		}

		WebRequest request = new WebRequest(new URL(url), HttpMethod.GET);
		WebResponse response = client.getPage(request).getWebResponse();
		String result = response.getContentAsString(Charset.forName("utf-8"));
		System.out.println(result);

	}
}

传入当前已有的cookie，get请求，返回json格式的数据

	//传入当前已有的cookie，get请求，返回json格式的数据。
	public static JSONObject doGet(String url, Set<Cookie> cookies) throws FailingHttpStatusCodeException, IOException {
		//1.创建client对象
		WebClient client = new WebClient();
		Iterator<Cookie> cookie = cookies.iterator();

		while (cookie.hasNext()) {
			client.getCookieManager().addCookie(cookie.next());
		}
		// 2.创建request
		WebRequest request = new WebRequest(new URL(url), HttpMethod.GET);
		// 3.执行请求
		Page page = client.getPage(request);
		// 4.获得响应
		WebResponse response = page.getWebResponse();
		// 5.获得响应正文
		String result = response.getContentAsString(Charset.forName("utf-8"));
		System.out.println(result);
		client.close();
		return JSONObject.parseObject(result);
	}

更多例子可以去官网快速开始页面查看，部分内容如下：

在这里插入图片描述

OkHttp

简单了解

OkHttp是square公司推出的一款Android和Java网络请求库，是Android目前最流行的网络库之一。
官网地址
 github地址
RequestBody类：上传数据的核心类，请求体又文件、JSON字符串等多种形式，通常使用的FormBody和MultipartBody

简单demo

getDemo

package http;


import java.io.IOException;

import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import okhttp3.Call;
import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
import okhttp3.Request;
import okhttp3.Response;
import okhttp3.ResponseBody;

public class GetDemo {
	@Test
	public void testGetNoPara() throws IOException {
		String url = "http://146.56.246.116:8899/common/skuList";
		//1.创建客户端
		OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
		//2.创建请求Request
		Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url).get().build();
		//3.获得Call对象，发送请求，获得响应
		Call call=client.newCall(request);
		Response response = call.execute();
		String result = response.code() + "    " + response.message();
		ResponseBody body = response.body();
		
		System.out.println(result);
		System.out.println(response.headers());
		System.out.println(body.string());
		body.close();
	}
}

postDemo

package http;

import java.io.IOException;

import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import com.alibaba.fastjson2.JSONObject;

import okhttp3.Call;
import okhttp3.MediaType;
import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
import okhttp3.Request;
import okhttp3.RequestBody;
import okhttp3.Response;
import okhttp3.ResponseBody;

public class PostDemo {

	@Test
	public void testPostJSON() throws IOException {
		
		String url = "http://146.56.246.116:8899/common/fgadmin/login";
		
		JSONObject user = new JSONObject();
		user.put("phoneArea", "86");
		user.put("phoneNumber", "2000");
		user.put("password", "123456");

		OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
		RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(user.toString(), MediaType.parse("application/json"));
		Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url).post(body).build();

		Call call = client.newCall(request);
		Response response = call.execute();
		ResponseBody responseBody = response.body();
		System.out.println(responseBody.string());
		responseBody.close();
	}
}

Form类型的代码部分如下：

FormBody.Builder builder = new FormBody.Builder(); builder.add("userName","zhangsan");
 builder.add("password","123"); 
FormBody body = builder.build();
Request request = new Request.Builder().post(body) .url(BASE_URL).build();