JAVA 多线程学习

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-27 17:56:15 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-27 17:56:15 发布

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0x00

本章的大致目录

0x01 线程简介

一个进程有多个线程，如视频中的视频，字幕，弹幕等

0x02 线程创建

Thread类

package lesson01;

//创建线程方法一：继承thread类，重写run方法，调用start开启线程
public class TestThread1 extends Thread{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在看代码--"+i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建一个线程对象
        TestThread1 testThread1 = new TestThread1();
        //用start方法来启动线程
        testThread1.start();

        //main线程，主线程
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println("main--"+i);
        }
    }
}

输出结果：

注意，线程开始不一定立即执行，由cpu调度

练习：网图下载

这里导入了commons.io包

package lesson01;

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;

//练习Thread，实现多线程同步下载图片
public class TestThread4 extends Thread{
    private String url;
    private String name;//保存的文件名

    public TestThread4(String url,String name){
        this.url = url;
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
        webDownloader.downloader(url,name);
        System.out.println("下载了文件名-->"+name);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestThread4 t1 = new TestThread4("https://avatar.csdnimg.cn/2/6/5/3_m0_51518970_1622342086.jpg","1.jpg");
        TestThread4 t2 = new TestThread4("https://avatar.csdnimg.cn/2/6/5/3_m0_51518970_1622342086.jpg","2.jpg");
        TestThread4 t3 = new TestThread4("https://avatar.csdnimg.cn/2/6/5/3_m0_51518970_1622342086.jpg","3.jpg");
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();
    }
}

class WebDownloader{
    //下载方法
    public void downloader(String url,String name){
        try {
            FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("IO异常，downloader方法出现问题");
        }
    }
}

Runnable接口

package lesson01;

//创建线程方法2：实现runnable接口，重写run，执行线程需要丢入runnable接口实现类，调用start方法
public class TestThread02 implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在看代码--"+i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建runnable接口的实现类对象
        TestThread02 thread02 = new TestThread02();
        //创建线程对象，传入刚刚的接口实现类对象，通过线程对象来开启我们的线程，代理
        new Thread(thread02).start();

        //main线程，主线程
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println("main--" + i);
        }
    }
}

因为Java的单继承类特效，所以推荐使用runnable接口，可以多继承

小结

0x03 初始并发问题

多个线程来操作一个对象

package lesson01;


//多个线程操作同一个对象
//发现问题：多个线程会出现并发的安全问题

public class TestThread3 implements Runnable{
    //票数
    private int ticketNums = 10;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            if(ticketNums<=0){
                break;
            }

            //模拟延时
            try {
                Thread.sleep(200);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->拿到了第"+ticketNums--+"票");
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestThread3 ticket = new TestThread3();

        new Thread(ticket,"小明").start();
        new Thread(ticket,"老师").start();
        new Thread(ticket,"黄牛").start();
    }
}

龟兔赛跑Demo

package lesson01;

import javax.swing.*;

//模拟龟兔赛跑
public class Race implements Runnable{
    //胜利者
    private static String winner;


    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {
            //模拟兔子休息
            if(Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("兔子") && i%10==0){
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(100);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

            //判断比赛是否结束
            boolean flag = gameOver(i);
            if(flag){
                break;
            }

            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->跑了"+i+"步");
        }
    }

    //判断是否完成比赛
    private boolean gameOver(int steps){


        //判断是否有胜利者
        if(winner!=null){
            return true;
        }{
            if(steps>=100){
                winner = Thread.currentThread().getName();
                System.out.println("winner is"+winner);
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Race race = new Race();
        new Thread(race,"兔子").start();
        new Thread(race,"乌龟").start();
    }
}

实现Callable接口

了解即可

实现callable接口，重写call方法

0x04 Lamda表达式

函数式接口

有了函数式接口，才能用lambda表达式

复习类的写法，并且推导出lambda表达式

package lamda;

//推到Lambda表达式
public class TestLambda1 {

    //3.实现静态内部类
    static class Like2 implements ILike{
        @Override
        public void lambda() {
            System.out.println("I like lambda2");
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ILike like = new Like();
        like.lambda();

        ILike like2 = new Like2();
        like2.lambda();

        //4.局部内部类
        class Like3 implements ILike{
            @Override
            public void lambda() {
                System.out.println("I like lambda3");
            }
        }

        Like3 like3 = new Like3();
        like3.lambda();

        //5.匿名内部类
        ILike like4 = new ILike() {
            @Override
            public void lambda() {
                System.out.println("I like lambda4");
            }
        };
        like4.lambda();

        //6.用lambda简化
        like = ()->{
            System.out.println("I like lambda5");
        };
        like.lambda();
    }
}


//1.定义一个函数式接口
interface ILike{
    void lambda();
}

//2.实现类
class Like implements ILike{
    @Override
    public void lambda() {
        System.out.println("I like lambda");
    }
}

//6.用lambda简化
like = ()->{
    System.out.println("I like lambda5");
};
like.lambda();

Lambda简化

package lamda;

import java.sql.SQLOutput;

public class TestLambda2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1.lambda表达式简化
        ILove love = (int a)-> {
            System.out.println("i love you "+a);
        };

        //简化1 参数类型
        love = (a)-> {
            System.out.println("i love you "+a);
        };

        //简化2 简化括号
        love = a->{
            System.out.println("i love you "+a);
        };

        //简化3 去掉花括号
        love = a -> System.out.println("i love "+a);

        love.love(520);
    }

}

interface ILove{
    void love(int a);
}

0x05 静态代理模式

好处：代理对象可以做很多真实对象做不了的事情，真是对象专注做自己的事情，实现了功能增强

package staticProxy;

import com.sun.org.apache.bcel.internal.generic.NEW;

//静态代理模式总结：
//真是对象和代理对象都要实现同一个接口
//代理对象要代理真实角色
public class test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        You you = new You();//你要结婚
        new Thread( ()-> System.out.println("i love you")).start();

        new WeddingCompany(you).HappyMarry();
    }
}

interface Marry{
    void HappyMarry();
}


//真实角色，你去结婚
class You implements Marry{
    @Override
    public void HappyMarry() {
        System.out.println("to be married");
    }
}

//代理角色：帮助你结婚
class WeddingCompany implements Marry{
    private Marry target;

    public WeddingCompany(Marry target) {
        this.target = target;
    }

    @Override
    public void HappyMarry() {
        before();
        this.target.HappyMarry();//这就是真是对象调用的结婚
        after();
    }

    private void after() {
        System.out.println("结婚之前");
    }

    private void before() {
        System.out.println("结婚之后");
    }
}

0x06 线程状态

线程有五大状态

停止线程

通过设置标志位让线程停止

package staticp;


//测试stop
//1.建议线程正常停止-->利用次数，不建议死循环
//2.建议使用标志位，设置一个标志位
//3.不要使用stop或者destroy等过时或者JDK不建议使用的方法

public class TestStop implements Runnable{
    //1.设置一个标志位
    private boolean flag = true;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        int i = 0;
        while (flag){
            System.out.println("running...Thread"+i);
        }
    }
    //2.设置一个公开的方法停止线程，转换标志位
    public void stop(){
        this.flag = false;
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestStop testStop = new TestStop();
        new Thread(testStop).start();

        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            System.out.println("main"+i);
            if(i==900){
                testStop.stop();
                System.out.println("线程停止");
            }
        }
    }
}

线程休眠

模拟网络延迟，是为了放大问题的发生性

package staticp;

import lesson01.TestThread3;

//模拟网络延时
public class testSleep implements Runnable{
    //票数
    private int ticketNums = 10;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            if(ticketNums<=0){
                break;
            }
            //模拟延时
            try {
                Thread.sleep(200);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->拿到了第"+ticketNums--+"票");
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        testSleep ticket = new testSleep();

        new Thread(ticket,"小明").start();
        new Thread(ticket,"老师").start();
        new Thread(ticket,"黄牛").start();
    }
}

模拟倒计时

package staticp;

public class TestSleep2 {
    public static void tenDown() throws InterruptedException{
        int num = 10;
        while (true){
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            System.out.println(num--);
            if(num<=0){
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    //加static关键字直接调用
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            tenDown();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

打印当前时间

package staticp;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.logging.SimpleFormatter;

public class TestSleep2 {
    //打印系统当前时间
    public static void tenDown() throws InterruptedException{
       //打印当前系统时间
        Date startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());//获取当前系统时间
        while (true){
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(startTime));
            startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());//更新当前时间
        }
    }
}

线程礼让

yield关键字

package staticp;

//线程礼让
//礼让不一定成功，看CPU心情
public class TestYield {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyYield myYield = new MyYield();

        new Thread(myYield,"a").start();
        new Thread(myYield,"b").start();
    }
}

class MyYield implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程开始执行");

        //线程礼让
        Thread.yield();//礼让

        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程停止执行");
    }
}

Join

实现线程的插队

package staticp;

public class TestJoin implements Runnable{


    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        //启动我们的线程
        TestJoin testJoin = new TestJoin();
        Thread thread = new Thread(testJoin);
        thread.start();

        //主线程
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            if(i==50){
                thread.join();//插队
            }
            System.out.println("main--"+i);
        }
    }


    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            System.out.println("线程vip来了--"+i);
        }
    }
}

观测线程状态

Thread.State

注意：死亡之后的线程不可以再启动

package staticp;

//观察测试线程的状态
public class TestState {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread thread = new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            System.out.println("/");
        });

        //观察状态
        Thread.State state = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);//NEW

        //观察启动后
        thread.start();
        state = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);//RUN

        while(state!=Thread.State.TERMINATED){//只要线程不终止，就一直输出状态
            Thread.sleep(100);
            state = thread.getState();//更新线程状态！！
            System.out.println(state);//输出状态
        }
    }
}

线程的优先级

PRIORITY

main方法优先级5

优先级高的，不一定先跑

注意一定要先设置优先级再跑，优先级范围从1-10

package staticp;

public class TestPriority {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //主线程默认优先级
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());

        MyPriority myPriority = new MyPriority();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t3 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t4 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t5 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t6 = new Thread(myPriority);

        //设置优先级再启动
        t1.start();

        t2.setPriority(1);
        t2.start();

        t3.setPriority(4);
        t3.start();

        t4.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);//10
        t4.start();

        t5.setPriority(-5);//报错
        t5.start();

        t6.setPriority(11);//报错
        t6.start();
    }
}


class MyPriority implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());

    }
}

守护线程

daemon

用户线程例如main

守护线程例如gc

package staticp;

import com.sun.scenario.effect.impl.sw.sse.SSEBlend_SRC_OUTPeer;
import com.sun.xml.internal.ws.api.model.wsdl.WSDLOutput;
import org.w3c.dom.ls.LSOutput;

//测试守护线程：上帝守护你
public class TestDaemon {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        God god = new God();
        Man man = new Man();

        Thread thread = new Thread(god);
        thread.setDaemon(true);//默认是false表示是用户线程，正常的线程都是用户线程

        thread.start();//上帝守护线程启动

        new Thread(man).start();
    }
}

//上帝
class God implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(true){
        System.out.println("上帝保佑着你");
        }
    }
}

//你
class Man implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 365000; i++) {
            System.out.println("你一生都开心的活着");
        }
        System.out.println("啊我死了");
    }
}

0x07 线程同步机制

多个线程操作同一个资源

并发

同一个对象被多个线程同时操作

队列＋锁：解决线程并发安全性问题

三大不安全案例的改善

synchronized方法：给厕所安上了一扇门，必须获得锁才能执行

synchronized默认锁的是this

锁的对象一定要是变化的量：即需要增删改的对象

用synchronized来锁对象

关键字锁

package syn;

//线程不安全
public class UuSafeBuy {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BuyTicket station = new BuyTicket();

        new Thread(station,"路人").start();
        new Thread(station,"路人2").start();
        new Thread(station,"路人黄牛").start();
    }
}

class BuyTicket implements Runnable{
    //票
    private int ticketNum = 10;
    boolean flag = true;//外部停止方式

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //买票
        while(flag){
            buy();
            try {
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    //加上synchronized这个方法就变成了同步方法，锁的是方
    private synchronized void buy(){
        //判断是否有票
        if(ticketNum<=0){
            flag=false;
            return;
        }
        //模拟延时
        try {
            Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //买票
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到"+ticketNum--);
    }
}

代码块锁

package syn;

//不安全的取钱
public class UnSafeBank {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Account account = new Account(100,"结婚基金");

        Drawing you = new Drawing(account,50,"你");
        Drawing she = new Drawing(account,100,"她");
        you.start();
        she.start();


    }
}

class Account{
    int money;//余额
    String name;//卡名

    public Account(int money,String name) {
        this.money = money;
        this.name = name;
    }
}

//银行，模拟取款
class Drawing extends Thread{
    Account account;//账户
    //取了多少钱
    int drawingMoney;
    //现在手里有多少钱
    int nowMoney;

    public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
        super(name);
        this.account = account;
        this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
        this.nowMoney = nowMoney;
    }

    @Override
    public  void run() {

        synchronized (account){

            //判断有没有钱
            if (account.money - drawingMoney <0){
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够，取不了");
                return;
            }
            //sleep放大问题的发生性
            try {
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            //卡内余额
            account.money = account.money-drawingMoney;

            nowMoney = nowMoney + drawingMoney;

            System.out.println(account.name+"余额为"+account.money);
            System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的钱"+nowMoney);
        }

    }
}

同样锁代码块

package syn;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class UnSafeList {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                synchronized (list){
                    list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                }
            }).start();
        }
        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(list.size());
    }
}

补充：JUC包

juc是另一个并发领域

package syn;

import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;

//测试JUC安全类型的集合
public class TestJuc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }).start();
        }
        try {
            Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(list.size());
    }
}

死锁

解决：把死锁拿出来

package syn;

//死锁：多个线程互相抱着对方需要的资源形成僵持
public class DeathLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MakeUp g1 = new MakeUp(0,"小红");
        MakeUp g2 = new MakeUp(1,"小美");

        g1.start();
        g2.start();
    }
}

//口红
class Lipstick{

}

//镜子
class Mirror{

}

class MakeUp extends Thread{
    //需要的资源只有一份，用static来保证只有一份
    static Lipstick lipstick = new Lipstick();
    static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();

    int choice;//选择
    String girlName;//使用的人

    MakeUp(int choice,String girlName) {
        this.choice = choice;
        this.girlName = girlName;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            makeup();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
        //化妆



    //化妆方法：互相持有对方的锁，形成死锁
    private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
        if (choice==0){
            synchronized (lipstick){//获得口红的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得口红的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                synchronized (mirror){//一秒钟后获得镜子的锁
                    System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得镜子的锁");
                }
            }
        }else {
            synchronized (mirror) {//获得口红的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得镜子的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                synchronized (lipstick) {
                    System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得口红的锁");
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Lock锁

通过显式的定义同步锁Lock来实现同步

使用ReentrantLock

package gaoji;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class TestLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestLock2 testLock2 = new TestLock2();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
    }
}

class TestLock2 implements Runnable{

    int ticketNum = 10;

    //定义lock锁
    private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();


    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(true){
            //加锁
            try{
                lock.lock();
                if(ticketNum>0){
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(ticketNum--);
                }else {
                    break;
                }

            }finally {
                //解锁
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }
}

synchronized与Lock的对比

0x08 线程协作

生产者消费者模式问题

这是一个线程同步问题

wait会释放锁

解决方式：

解决方法二、标志法

线程通信解决一

管程法

package gaoji;

//测试：生产着消费者模型-->利用缓冲区解决：管程法

//生产者，消费者，产品，缓冲区
public class TestPC {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SynContainer container = new SynContainer();

        new Productor(container).start();
        new Consumer(container).start();

    }
}

//生产者
class Productor extends Thread{
    SynContainer container;

    public Productor(SynContainer container) {
        this.container = container;
    }

    //生产
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            container.push(new Chicken(i));
            System.out.println("生产了"+i+"只鸡");
        }
    }
}

//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread{
    SynContainer container;

    public Consumer(SynContainer container) {
        this.container = container;
    }

    //消费


    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            System.out.println("消费了-->"+container.pop().id+"只鸡");

        }
    }
}

//产品
class Chicken{
    int id;

    public Chicken(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
}

//缓冲区
class SynContainer{

    //容器大小
    Chicken[] chickens = new Chicken[10];
    int count = 0;

    //将生产者放入产品
    public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken){
        //如果容器满了，就要等待消费者消费
        if (count==chickens.length){
            //通知消费者消费，生产等待
        }

        //如果没有满，就要丢入铲平
        chickens[count]=chicken;
        count++;

        //可以通知消费者消费了
    }

    //消费者消费产品
    public synchronized Chicken pop(){
        //判断是否能消费
        if (count==0){
            //等待生产者生产，消费者等待
        }
        //如果可以消费
        count--;
        Chicken chicken = chickens[count];

        //吃完了，通知生产者生产
        return chicken;
    }



}

信号灯法

package gaoji;

//测试生产者消费者问题2 信号灯法 标志位解决
public class TestPc2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TV tv = new TV();
        new Player(tv).start();
        new Watcher(tv).start();
    }
}

//生产者-->演员
class Player extends Thread{
    TV tv;
    public Player(TV tv) {
        this.tv = tv;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            if(i%2==0){
                this.tv.play("快乐大本营");
            }else {
                this.tv.play("抖音");
            }
        }
    }
}

class Watcher extends Thread{
    TV tv;

    public Watcher(TV tv) {
        this.tv = tv;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            tv.watch();
        }
    }
}

//产品-->节目
class TV{
    //演员表演，观众等待
    //观众观看，演员等待
    String voice;//表演的节目
    boolean flag = true;

    //表演
    public synchronized void play(String voice){
        if(!flag){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("演员表演了："+voice);
        //通知观众观看
        this.notifyAll();//通知（唤醒
        this.voice = voice;
        this.flag = !this.flag;
    }

    //观看
    public synchronized void watch(){
        if(flag){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("观看了"+voice);
        //通知演员表演
        this.notifyAll();
        this.flag = !this.flag;
    }

}

0x09 线程池

通过线程池来进行线程

package gaoji;

import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

//测试线程池
public class TestPool {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1.创建服务，创建线程池
        //newFixedThreadPool 参数为线程池大小
        ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);

        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());

        //2.关闭连接
        service.shutdown();
    }

}

class MyThread implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());

    }
}

总结

三种多线程的方法

package gaoji;

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;

public class ThreadNew {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new MyThread1().start();
        //Runnable接口启动
        new Thread(new MyThread2()).start();

        //callable接口
        FutureTask<Integer> integerFutureTask = new FutureTask<>(new MyThread3());
        new Thread(integerFutureTask).start();

        try {
            Integer integer = integerFutureTask.get();
            System.out.println(integer);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ExecutionException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

//1.继承Thread类
class MyThread1 extends Thread{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("MyThread1");
    }
}

//2.实现Runnable接口
class MyThread2 implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("MyThread2");
    }
}

//3.实现Callable接口
class MyThread3 implements Callable<Integer>{
    @Override
    public Integer call() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("MyThread3");
        return 100;
    }
}

同步进程：

列表和锁