java反射基本使用

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已于 2023-04-09 20:33:13 修改

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分类专栏： Java 文章标签： java jvm 开发语言

于 2023-04-09 20:30:43 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_51765966/article/details/130044554

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java反射基本使用

一. 反射的作用

当程序中要定义一个不确定类型的类对象，就可以使用反射来创建类对象，因为反射只有在运行时才会被加载。

二. 反射基本使用示例

Dog类:

package com.reflect.example;

public class Dog {
    public void bark() {
        System.out.println("小狗汪汪叫");
    }
}

Demo类:

package com.reflect.example;

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class Demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException {
        String classFullPath = "com.reflect.example.Dog";
        // 加载类
        Class classDog = Class.forName(classFullPath);
        // 创建类对象
        Object dog = classDog.newInstance();
        // 获取bark方法对象
        Method method = classDog.getDeclaredMethod("bark");
        // 调用方法
        method.invoke(dog);
    }
}

三. 反射爆破

private修饰的构造器、属性、方法是不允许被访问的，反射提供了一种爆破机制，可以强制访问private修饰的构造器、属性、方法。具体操作见 (四. 反射相关类和对应方法介绍)

四. 反射相关类和对应方法介绍

1. Class

Class类是反射的核心, 每个类都有唯一的一个Class类,Class类中保存了实际类中的成员属性、成员方法、构造方法、静态变量、静态方法。

(1) 常用方法

方法	作用
getName()	获取全类名(带有包名的类名)
getSimpleName()	获取类名
getFields()	获取所有public修饰的属性,包括父类
getDeclaredFields()	获取当前类所有属性
getField(String name)	根据属性名获取public属性,包括父类属性
getDeclaredField(String name)	根据属性名获取本类中任意权限修饰符修饰的属性
getMethods()	获取所有public方法,包括父类
getDeclaredMethods()	获取本类中所有方法
getMethod(String name)	根据方法名获取public方法，包括父类
getDeclaredMethod(String name)	根据方法名获取本类任意权限修饰符修饰的方法
getConstructors()	获取本类所有public构造方法
getDeclaredConstructors()	获取本类所有权限修饰符修饰的构造方法
getConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes)	根据参数类型获取public构造方法
getDeclaredConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes)	根据参数类型获取所有权限修饰符修饰的构造方法

(2) 使用示例

Father类:

package com.reflect.classexample;

public class Father {
    public String name = "一个父亲";
    private int age = 30;

    public Father() {
    }

    public Father(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public void duty() {
        System.out.println("赚钱养家");
    }

    private void attitude() {
        System.out.println("提升自己");
    }
}

Son类:

package com.reflect.classexample;

public class Son extends Father{
    public int height = 20;
    private int weight = 7;

    public Son() {
    }

    public Son(String name, int age, int height, int weight) {
        super(name, age);
        this.height = height;
        this.weight = weight;
    }

    private Son(int height, int weight) {
        this.height = height;
        this.weight = weight;
    }

    public void learn() {
        System.out.println("好好学习");
    }

    private void grow() {
        System.out.println("健康成长，养成积极向上的世界观");
    }

    public void addElectiveCourse(String cource) {
        System.out.println("选修" + cource + "课程");
    }
}

Demo类:

package com.reflect.classexample;

import java.io.File;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class Demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchFieldException, NoSuchMethodException {
        // 加载类
        Class classSon = Class.forName("com.reflect.classexample.Son");

        /***
         * 方法示例
         */

        // 1. 获取全类名
        System.out.println("全类名: " + classSon.getName());
        System.out.println();

        // 2. 获取类名
        System.out.println("类名: " + classSon.getSimpleName());
        System.out.println();

        // 3. 获取所有public修饰的属性,包括父类
        Field[] fields = classSon.getFields();
        for (Field field : fields) {
            System.out.println("public属性: " + field);
        }
        System.out.println();

        // 4. 获取当前类所有属性
        Field[] fields2 = classSon.getDeclaredFields();
        for (Field field : fields2) {
            System.out.println("所有属性: " + field);
        }
        System.out.println();

        // 5. 根据属性名获取public属性,包括父类属性
        Field field = classSon.getField("height");
        System.out.println(field);
        Field field2 = classSon.getField("name");
        System.out.println(field2);
        System.out.println();

        // 6.根据属性名获取本类中任意权限修饰符修饰的属性
        Field field3 = classSon.getDeclaredField("weight");
        System.out.println(field3);
        System.out.println();

        // 7. 获取所有public方法,包括父类
        Method[] methods = classSon.getMethods();
        for (Method method : methods) {
            System.out.println("public方法:" + method);
        }
        System.out.println();

        // 8. 获取本类中所有方法
        Method[] methods2 = classSon.getDeclaredMethods();
        for (Method method : methods2) {
            System.out.println("本类中方法:" + method);
        }
        System.out.println();

        // 9. 根据方法名获取public方法，包括父类
        Method dutyMethod = classSon.getMethod("duty");
        System.out.println(dutyMethod);
        Method addElectiveCourceMethod = classSon.getMethod("addElectiveCourse", String.class);
        System.out.println(addElectiveCourceMethod);
        System.out.println();

        // 10. 根据方法名获取本类任意权限修饰符修饰的方法
        Method growMethod = classSon.getDeclaredMethod("grow");
        System.out.println(growMethod);
        Method learnMethod = classSon.getDeclaredMethod("learn");
        System.out.println(learnMethod);
        System.out.println();

        // 11. 获取本类所有public构造方法
        Constructor[] constructors = classSon.getConstructors();
        for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
            System.out.println("public构造方法:" + constructor);
        }
        System.out.println();

        // 12. 获取本类所有权限修饰符修饰的构造方法
        Constructor[] declaredConstructors = classSon.getDeclaredConstructors();
        for (Constructor declaredConstructor : declaredConstructors) {
            System.out.println("所有构造方法:" + declaredConstructor);
        }
        System.out.println();

        // 13. 根据参数类型获取public构造方法
        Constructor constructor = classSon.getConstructor();
        System.out.println("public构造方法:" + constructor);
        Constructor constructor2 = classSon.getConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class, int.class);
        System.out.println("public构造方法:" + constructor2);
        System.out.println();

        //14. 根据参数类型获取所有权限修饰符修饰的构造方法
        Constructor declaredConstructor = classSon.getDeclaredConstructor(int.class, int.class);
        System.out.println("所有权限修饰符修饰的构造方法:" + declaredConstructor);
        Constructor declaredConstructor2 = classSon.getDeclaredConstructor();
        System.out.println("所有权限修饰符修饰的构造方法:" + declaredConstructor2);
        System.out.println();
    }
}

2. Field

(1) 常用方法

方法	作用
get(Object obj)	获取obj对象的属性值,静态属性obj可以为nul
set(Object obj, Object value)	为obj对象属性赋值为value,静态属性obj可以为null
setAccessible(booleab flag)	设置是否允许访问private属性,true表示允许，false表示不允许
getType()	获取属性类型

(2) 使用示例

Person类:

package com.reflect.fieldexample;

public class Person {
    public int numOfEye = 2;
    private double money = 1;

    public Person() {
    }

    public Person(int numOfEye, double money) {
        this.numOfEye = numOfEye;
        this.money = money;
    }
}

AsianPerson类:

package com.reflect.fieldexample;

public class AsianPerson extends Person{
    private float height = 170;
    public float weight = 134;

    private static int IQ = 200;

    public AsianPerson() {
    }

    public AsianPerson(int numOfEye, double money, float height, float weight) {
        super(numOfEye, money);
        this.height = height;
        this.weight = weight;
    }
}

Demo类:

package com.reflect.fieldexample;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

public class Demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchFieldException {
        // 加载类
        Class<?> classAsianPerson = Class.forName("com.reflect.fieldexample.AsianPerson");
        // 创建类实例
        Object person = classAsianPerson.newInstance();

        // 获取public属性对象
        Field field = classAsianPerson.getField("weight");
        System.out.println("修改前weight:" + field.get(person));
        field.set(person, 120);
        System.out.println("修改后weight:" + field.get(person));
        System.out.println();

        // 获取属性类型
        System.out.println("weight变量类型:" + field.getType());
        System.out.println();

        // 获取private属性对象
        Field field2 = classAsianPerson.getDeclaredField("height");
        // 设置允许访问field2
        field2.setAccessible(true);
        System.out.println("修改前height:" + field2.get(person));
        field2.set(person, 175);
        System.out.println("修改后height:" + field2.get(person));
        System.out.println();

        // 获取静态属性对象
        Field field3 = classAsianPerson.getDeclaredField("IQ");
        // 设置允许访问field3
        field3.setAccessible(true);
        System.out.println("修改前IQ:" + field3.get(person));
        field3.set(person, 201);
        System.out.println("修改后IQ:" + field3.get(person));
        // 静态属性可以使用null
        field3.set(null, 250);
        System.out.println("修改后IQ:" + field3.get(null));
        System.out.println();
    }
}

3. Method

(1) 常用方法

方法	作用
invoke(Object obj, Object... args)	通过obj对象传入args参数调用方法，静态方法obj可以为null
getParameterTypes()	获取方法参数类型
setAccessible(boolean flag)	设置是否可以访问private方法, true表示允许访问,false表示不允许访问

(2) 使用示例

Phone类:

package com.reflect.methodexample;

public class Phone {
    public void call(String phoneNumber) {
        System.out.println("拨打电话" + phoneNumber);
    }
    private void fixedPosition() {
        System.out.println("移动不方便,通常放在固定地点");
    }
}

MobilePhone类:

package com.reflect.methodexample;

public class MobilePhone extends Phone{
    public void listenMusic(String name) {
        System.out.println("播放音乐<" + name + ">");
    }

    private void movedPosition() {
        System.out.println("携带方便，随时随地可以使用");
    }

    private static void sendMessage() {
        System.out.println("发短信");
    }
}

Demo类:

package com.reflect.methodexample;


import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class Demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException {
        Class classMobilePhone = Class.forName("com.reflect.methodexample.MobilePhone");
        Object phone = classMobilePhone.newInstance();

        // 获取public方法
        Method method = classMobilePhone.getMethod("listenMusic", String.class);
        // 调用方法
        method.invoke(phone, "男儿当自强");
        Method method2 = classMobilePhone.getMethod("call", String.class);
        method2.invoke(phone, "11111111");

        // 获取方法参数类型
        Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method2.getParameterTypes();
        for (Class<?> parameterType : parameterTypes) {
            System.out.println("参数类型:" + parameterType);
        }

        // 获取private方法
        Method method3 = classMobilePhone.getDeclaredMethod("movedPosition");
        // 设置可以访问private方法
        method3.setAccessible(true);
        method3.invoke(phone);
        Method method4 = classMobilePhone.getDeclaredMethod("sendMessage");
        method4.setAccessible(true);
        method4.invoke(phone);
        method4.invoke(null);
    }
}

4. Constructor

(1) 常用方法

方法	作用
newInstance(Object... initArgs)	根据参数调用构造器实例化对象
getParameterTypes()	获取构造器参数类型
setAccessible(boolean flag)	设置是否可以访问构造器,flag为true表示允许访问,flag为false表示不允许访问

(2) 使用示例

Apple类:

package com.reflect.construtorexample;

public class Apple {
    public double price = 10;
    public String name = "苹果";

    public Apple() {
    }

    private Apple(double price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    public Apple(double price, String name) {
        this.price = price;
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Apple{" +
                "price=" + price +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

Demo类:

package com.reflect.construtorexample;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;

public class Demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
        Class<?> classApple = Class.forName("com.reflect.construtorexample.Apple");

        // 获取无参构造
        Constructor<?> declaredConstructor = classApple.getDeclaredConstructor();
        Object apple = declaredConstructor.newInstance();
        System.out.println(apple);

        // 获取public构造
        Constructor<?> declaredConstructor2 = classApple.getDeclaredConstructor(double.class, String.class);
        Object apple2 = declaredConstructor2.newInstance(14, "黄元帅");
        System.out.println(apple2);

        // 获取参数列表
        Class<?>[] parameterTypes = declaredConstructor2.getParameterTypes();
        for (Class<?> parameterType : parameterTypes) {
            System.out.println("\t\t参数类型:" + parameterType);
        }

        // 获取private构造
        Constructor<?> declaredConstructor3 = classApple.getDeclaredConstructor(double.class);
        // 设置可以访问构造器
        declaredConstructor3.setAccessible(true);
        Object apple3 = declaredConstructor3.newInstance(19);
        System.out.println(apple3);
    }
}