2021-11-04

Python初学，类与对象学习过程中的代码修正

父类中不存在的参数，需要在子类中重新定义和修正，采用raise Exception 函数可以简单快捷地将输入过程中的错误找出；

在重定义参数的过程中，尤其注意定义过程中代码定义格式的编写正确

如，self.setGrade(grade)，缺少 set时，即写成self.Grade(grade)的格式时会产生如下报错：

'Student' object has no attribute 'Grade'

代码展示：

# father
class Person(object):
    def __init__(self, name='', age=20, sex='man'):
        self.setName(name)
        self.setAge(age)
        self.setSex(sex)

    def setName(self, name):
        if not isinstance(name, str):
            raise Exception('name must be string')
        self.__name = name

    def setAge(self, age):
        if type(age) != int:
            raise  Exception('age must be int')
        self.__age = age

    def setSex(self, sex):
        if sex not in ('man', 'woman'):
            raise Exception('sex must be "man" or "woman"')
        self.__sex = sex

    def show(self):
        print(self.__name, self.__age, self.__sex)


# 派生类/son
class Teacher(Person):
    def __init__(self, name='', age=30, sex='man', department='Computer'):
        super(Teacher, self).__init__(name, age, sex)
        self.setDepartment(department)
        # Person.__init__(self, name, age, sex)

    def setDepartment(self, department):
        if type(department) != str:
            raise Exception('department must be str')
        self.__department = department

    def show(self):
        super(Teacher, self).show()
        print(self.__department)


class Student(Person):
    def __init__(self, name='', age='', sex='man', grade='', major=''):
        super(Student, self).__init__(name, age, sex)
        self.setGrade(grade)
        self.setMajor(major)

    def setGrade(self, grade):
        if type(grade) != int:
            raise Exception('grade must be int')
        self.__grade = grade

    def setMajor(self, major):
        if type(major) != str:
            raise Exception('major must be str')
        self.__major = major

    def show(self):
        super(Student, self).show()
        print(self.__grade)
        print(self.__major)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    zhangsan = Person('Zhang San', 19, 'man')
    zhangsan.show()
    print('='*30)

    lisi = Teacher('L1 si', 32, 'man', 'Math')
    lisi.show()
    print('='*30)

    lisi.setAge(40)
    lisi.setDepartment('Computer')
    lisi.show()
    print('='*30)

    Elvin = Student('Elvin', 20, 'man', 2, 'software')
    Elvin.show()