RabbitMQ入门

RabbitMQ入门


windows中打开rabbitmq_server-3.9.14的sbin目录,进入cmd

rabbitmqctl stop 停止服务
rabbitmq-server -detached 后台启动(可以关闭cmd窗口)

生产者—交换机—通道channel—queue----消费者

helloworld

public class Provider {

    //生成消息
    @Test
    public void testSendMessage() throws IOException, TimeoutException {

        //创建连接mq的连接工厂对象
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        //设置连接rabbitmq主机
        connectionFactory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
        //设置端口号(虚拟主机)
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        //设置连接哪个虚拟主机
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/ems");
        //设置访问虚拟主机的用户名和密码
        connectionFactory.setUsername("ems");
        connectionFactory.setPassword("123");

        //获取连接对象
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();

        //通过连接中的通道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //通道绑定对应消息队列
        //参数1:队列名字  如果队列不存在自动创建
        //参数2:用来定义队列特性是否要持久化 true持久化队列   false不持久化
        //参数3:exclusive   是否独占队列
        // 参数4:autoDelete 是否在消费完成后自动删除队列
        // 参数5:额外附加参数
        channel.queueDeclare("hello",false,false,false,null);

        //发布消息
        //参数1:交换机名称 参数2:队列名称 参数3:传递消息额外设置  参数4:消息的具体内容
        channel.basicPublish("","hello",null,"hello rabbitmq".getBytes());

        channel.close();;
        connection.close();
    }
}

第一种模式(直连)

消费者:

public class Customer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
//        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
//        connectionFactory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
//        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
//        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/ems");
//        connectionFactory.setUsername("ems");
//        connectionFactory.setPassword("123");

        //创建连接对象
//        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils.getConnection();

        //创建通道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //通道绑定对象
        channel.queueDeclare("hello",false,false,false,null);

        //参数1:消费哪个队列的消息 队列名称
        // 参数2:开启消息的自动确认机制
        // 参数3:消费时的回调接口
        channel.basicConsume("hello",true,new DefaultConsumer(channel){

            //最后一个参数:消息队列中取出的消息
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                System.out.println("new String(body) = "+new String(body));
            }
        });

//        channel.close();;
//        connection.close();
        RabbitMQUtils.closeConnectionAndChanel(channel,connection);
    }
}

工具类:


public class RabbitMQUtils {
    private static ConnectionFactory connectionFactory;

    static {
        //重量级资源,类加载只执行一次
        connectionFactory=new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/ems");
        connectionFactory.setUsername("ems");
        connectionFactory.setPassword("123");
    }

    public static Connection getConnection(){
        try {
            //创建连接对象
            Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();

            //创建通道
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
            return connection;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    public static void closeConnectionAndChanel(Channel channel,Connection conn){
        try {
            if(channel!=null)
                channel.close();
            if(conn!=null)
                conn.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

同一个通道channel可以发送到不同的队列

//注意第一个创建并绑定的队列是aa
//但发送到的队列是hello

		//通道绑定对应消息队列
        //参数1:队列名字  如果队列不存在自动创建
        //参数2:用来定义队列特性是否要持久化 true持久化队列   false不持久化
        //参数3:exclusive   是否独占队列
        // 参数4:autoDelete 是否在消费完成后自动删除队列
        // 参数5:额外附加参数
  		channel.queueDeclare("aa",false,false,false,null);

        //发布消息
        //参数1:交换机名称 参数2:队列名称 参数3:传递消息额外设置  参数4:消息的具体内容
        channel.basicPublish("","hello",null,"hello rabbitmq".getBytes());
		//MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_TEXT_PLAIN : 队列里面的消息也要持久化
        channel.basicPublish("","aa", MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_TEXT_PLAIN,"hello rabbitmq".getBytes());


在这里插入图片描述

消费者和生产者的队列创建参数要一样

第二种模式(work queue)

多个消费者 绑定 一个队列

在这里插入图片描述

work模型中,消费者是轮流获取队列中的消息


public class Customer1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //获取连接
        Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils.getConnection();
        final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

		//一次只接收1条消息
        channel.basicQos(1);

        channel.queueDeclare("work",true,false,false,null);

        //参数2:自动确认
        //rabbitmq会自动分配,如5个完整数据,消费了3个数据,结果自己宕机了,则2个消息丢失
        //我们希望没有消费的消息交给其他Customer
        channel.basicConsume("work",false,new DefaultConsumer(channel){

            //最后一个参数:消息队列中取出的消息
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                System.out.println("消费者1 = "+new String(body));

                //手动确认  参数1:手动确认消息标识  参数2;false 每次确认一个
                channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);
            }
        });
    }
}


public class Customer2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //获取连接
        Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils.getConnection();
        final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        channel.basicQos(1);

        channel.queueDeclare("work",true,false,false,null);

        channel.basicConsume("work",false,new DefaultConsumer(channel){

            //最后一个参数:消息队列中取出的消息
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                System.out.println("消费者2 = "+new String(body));

                //手动确认  参数1:手动确认消息标识  参数2;false 每次确认一个
                channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(3000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
    }
}

生产者:

public class Provider {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils.getConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        channel.queueDeclare("work",true,false,false,null);

        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            //生产消息
            channel.basicPublish("","work",null,(i+" hello work queue").getBytes());
        }
        //关闭资源
        RabbitMQUtils.closeConnectionAndChanel(channel,connection);
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

在这里插入图片描述

第三种模式(fanout)扇出,也称 广播

需要交换机(前两种模式使用的默认的交换机)
在这里插入图片描述
交换机决定把消息发给哪个队列,生产者无法决定

由于是广播,所以生产者生成一条,消费者都可以拿到

生产者:


public class Provider {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils.getConnection();

        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //将通道声明指定交换机    参数1:交换机名字   参数2:交换机类型
        channel.exchangeDeclare("logs","fanout");

        //发送消息      参数2:路由键 参数3:props
        channel.basicPublish("logs","",null,"fanout type message".getBytes());

        //释放资源
        RabbitMQUtils.closeConnectionAndChanel(channel,connection);
    }
}

消费者1:

public class Customer1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils.getConnection();

        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //通道绑定交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare("logs","fanout");

        //通道绑定队列  临时队列
        String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();

        //绑定交换机和队列
        channel.queueBind(queueName,"logs","");

        channel.basicConsume(queueName,true,new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            //最后一个参数:消息队列中取出的消息
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                System.out.println("消费者1 = "+new String(body));
            }
        });
    }
}

消费者2:

public class Customer2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils.getConnection();

        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //通道绑定交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare("logs","fanout");

        //通道绑定队列  临时队列
        String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();

        //绑定交换机和队列
        channel.queueBind(queueName,"logs","");

        channel.basicConsume(queueName,true,new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            //最后一个参数:消息队列中取出的消息
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                System.out.println("消费者2 = "+new String(body));
            }
        });
    }
}

第四种情况 路由(Routing)

Routing之订阅模式-Direct(直连)

在Fanout模式中,一条信息会被所有订阅的队列消费,但是,在某些场景下,我们希望不同的消息被不同的队列消费,这是就要用到Direct类型的Exchangel

队列和交换机的绑定需要指定一个路由key
生产者:定义路由key

  //发送消息      参数2:路由键 参数3:props
        channel.basicPublish("logs","",null,"fanout type message".getBytes());

在这里插入图片描述

第五种情况 动态路由 topics

通配符

注意这里生产者创建交换机和消费者绑定交换机时 交换机类型是 topic

只是在生产者绑定路由键时加上*或#

消费者1:

public class Customer1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils.getConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //声明交换机以及交换机类型
        channel.exchangeDeclare("topics","topic");
        String queue = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
        //绑定队列和交换机 动态通配符route key
        channel.queueBind(queue,"topics","user.*");

        //消费消息
        channel.basicConsume(queue,true,new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                System.out.println("消费者1 = "+new String(body));
            }
        });
    }
}


消费者2:

public class Customer2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils.getConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //声明交换机以及交换机类型
        channel.exchangeDeclare("topics","topic");
        String queue = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
        //绑定队列和交换机 动态通配符route key
        channel.queueBind(queue,"topics","user.#");

        //消费消息
        channel.basicConsume(queue,true,new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                System.out.println("消费者2 = "+new String(body));
            }
        });
    }
}


生产者:

public class Provider {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils.getConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //声明交换机以及交换机类型 topic
        channel.exchangeDeclare("topics","topic");

        //发布消息
        String routekey="user.save.findAll";

        channel.basicPublish("topics",routekey,null,("这里是topic动态路由模型,routekey = "+routekey).getBytes());

        RabbitMQUtils.closeConnectionAndChanel(channel,connection);

    }
}

整合SpringBoot

创建springboot
导入依赖

  		<dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>
spring:
  application:
    name: rabbitmq-springboot
  rabbitmq:
    host: 127.0.0.1
    port: 5672
    password: 123
    username: ems
    virtual-host: /ems

RabbitTemplate 用来简化操作,使用的时候直接在项目中注入
类似于RedisTemplate

HelloWorld

消费者:

@Component      //持久化  非独占  不是自动删除队列
@RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare = @Queue(value = "hello"))
public class HelloCustomer {

    @RabbitHandler
    public void receive1(String message){
        System.out.println("-------message = "+message);
    }
}

生产者:

@SpringBootTest
class RabbitmqSpringbootApplicationTests {

    //注入RabbitTemplate
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
//    队列的创建和消费者、发布者没有任何关系,有需要就可以创建,还有这里的routingkey和queueName是完全不同的两个概念,这里他都混为一谈了,很容易让大家混淆
    @Test
    void contextLoads() {
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("hello","hello world");
    }
}

如果没有消费者只有生产者,队列不会出现

work queue

    @Test
    public void testWork(){
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("work","work模型 "+i);
        }
    }

@Component
public class WorkCustomer {

    //第一个消费者
    @RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare = @Queue("work"))
    public void receive1(String message){
        System.out.println("message1 = "+message);
    }

    //第二个消费者
    @RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare = @Queue("work"))
    public void receive2(String message){
        System.out.println("message2 = "+message);
    }
}

fanout

    //fanout广播
    @Test
    public void testFanout(){
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("logs","","fanout广播 ");
    }

@Component
public class FanoutCustomer {

    @RabbitListener(bindings = {
            @QueueBinding(
                    value = @Queue,//创建临时队列
                    exchange = @Exchange(value = "logs",type = "fanout")//绑定交换机
            )
    })
    public void receive1(String message){
        System.out.println("message1 = "+message);
    }

    @RabbitListener(bindings = {
            @QueueBinding(
                    value = @Queue,//创建临时队列
                    exchange = @Exchange(value = "logs",type = "fanout")//绑定交换机
            )
    })
    public void receive2(String message){
        System.out.println("message2 = "+message);
    }
}

路由route

    //route 路由
    @Test
    public void testRoute(){
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("directs","error","发送info的key的路由信息");
    }

@Component
public class RouteCustomer {

    @RabbitListener(bindings = {
            @QueueBinding(
                    value = @Queue,
                    exchange = @Exchange(value = "directs",type = "direct"), //指定交换机名称和类型
                    key = {"info","error","warn"}
            )
    })
    public void receive1(String message){
        System.out.println("-------message1 = "+message);
    }

    @RabbitListener(bindings = {
            @QueueBinding(
                    value = @Queue,
                    exchange = @Exchange(value = "directs",type = "direct"), //指定交换机名称和类型
                    key = {"info"}
            )
    })
    public void receive2(String message){
        System.out.println("-------message2 = "+message);
    }
}

动态路由

    //topic
    @Test
    public void testTopic(){
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topics","user.save","user.save的路由信息");
    }

@Component
public class TopicCustomer {

    @RabbitListener(bindings = {
            @QueueBinding(
                    value = @Queue,
                    exchange = @Exchange(type = "topic",value = "topics"),
                    key = {"user.*"}
            )
    })
    public void receive1(String message){
        System.out.println("-------message1 = "+message);
    }

    @RabbitListener(bindings = {
            @QueueBinding(
                    value = @Queue,
                    exchange = @Exchange(type = "topic",name = "topics"),
                    key = {"user.#"}
            )
    })
    public void receive2(String message){
        System.out.println("-------message2 = "+message);
    }
}
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