第 23 天: 使用具有通用性的队列

昨天使用的队列有两种: 存储二叉树节点的队列; 存储整数的队列. 这样的话, 难道我们要为每种类型单独写一个队列? 这样显然没有充分利用代码的复用性. 实际上, 我们只需要一个存储对象的队列就够啦!

Java 里面, 所有的类均为 Object 类的 (直接或间接) 子类. 如果不写就默认为直接子类. 例如
public class CircleObjectQueue;
等价于
public class CircleObjectQueue extends Object;
存储对象的队列, 实际上是存储对象的地址 (引用、指针). 因此, 可以存储任何类的对象 (的引用).
可以通过强制类型转换将对象转成其本身的类别. 例如前面程序
tempTree = (BinaryCharTree) tempQueue.dequeue();
括号中的类型即表示强制类型转换.
Java 本身将 int, double, char 分别封装到 Integer, Double, Char 类.
今天的代码量非常少, 但涉及面向对象的思想不少.
让我们见识一下它的威力吧.

	/**
	 ********************
	 * Convert the tree to data arrays, including a char array and an int array.
	 * The results are stored in two member variables.
	 * 
	 * @see #valuesArray
	 * @see #indicesArray
	 *********************
	 */
	public void toDataArraysObjectQueue() {
		// Initialize arrays.
		int tempLength = getNumNodes();

		valuesArray = new char[tempLength];
		indicesArray = new int[tempLength];
		int i = 0;

		// Traverse and convert at the same time.
		CircleObjectQueue tempQueue = new CircleObjectQueue();
		tempQueue.enqueue(this);
		CircleObjectQueue tempIntQueue = new CircleObjectQueue();
		Integer tempIndexInteger = Integer.valueOf(0);
		tempIntQueue.enqueue(tempIndexInteger);

		BinaryCharTree tempTree = (BinaryCharTree) tempQueue.dequeue();
		int tempIndex = ((Integer) tempIntQueue.dequeue()).intValue();
		System.out.println("tempIndex = " + tempIndex);
		while (tempTree != null) {
			valuesArray[i] = tempTree.value;
			indicesArray[i] = tempIndex;
			i++;

			if (tempTree.leftChild != null) {
				tempQueue.enqueue(tempTree.leftChild);
				tempIntQueue.enqueue(Integer.valueOf(tempIndex * 2 + 1));
			} // Of if

			if (tempTree.rightChild != null) {
				tempQueue.enqueue(tempTree.rightChild);
				tempIntQueue.enqueue(Integer.valueOf(tempIndex * 2 + 2));
			} // Of if

			tempTree = (BinaryCharTree) tempQueue.dequeue();
			if (tempTree == null) {
				break;
			}//Of if
			
			tempIndex = ((Integer) tempIntQueue.dequeue()).intValue();
		} // Of while
	}// Of toDataArraysObjectQueue

	/**
	 *********************
	 * The entrance of the program.
	 * 
	 * @param args
	 *            Not used now.
	 *********************
	 */
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		BinaryCharTree tempTree = manualConstructTree();
		System.out.println("\r\nPreorder visit:");
		tempTree.preOrderVisit();
		System.out.println("\r\nIn-order visit:");
		tempTree.inOrderVisit();
		System.out.println("\r\nPost-order visit:");
		tempTree.postOrderVisit();

		System.out.println("\r\n\r\nThe depth is: " + tempTree.getDepth());
		System.out.println("The number of nodes is: " + tempTree.getNumNodes());

		tempTree.toDataArrays();
		System.out.println("The values are: " + Arrays.toString(tempTree.valuesArray));
		System.out.println("The indices are: " + Arrays.toString(tempTree.indicesArray));

		tempTree.toDataArraysObjectQueue();
		System.out.println("Only object queue.");
		System.out.println("The values are: " + Arrays.toString(tempTree.valuesArray));
		System.out.println("The indices are: " + Arrays.toString(tempTree.indicesArray));
	}// Of main