linux内核编译

step1 下载内核源码包

https://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/kernel/linux/kernel/v5.x/

step2 解压

#tar xzvf ~
#cd linux //进入文件夹

step3 导入目标板的缺省配置

安装新的交叉编译工具
#apt install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi
#apt install g+±arm-linux-gnueabi
导入配置
#make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- ARCH=arm vexpress_defconfig

step4 编译内核

3.1 编译zImage
#make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- ARCH=arm zImage -j4
最后生成的zImage在linux-3.5/arch/arm/boot/下。
3.2 编译dtb
#make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- ARCH=arm dtbs
注意：内核4.x以上需要dtb文件来启动，编译成功后，在子目录
arch/arm/boot/dts/中可以找到需要的dtb文件vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb。

放入roof

dmesg linux5

Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0
Linux version 5.15.137 (root@ubuntu) (arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc (Ubuntu 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.2) 9.4.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.34) #1 SMP Mon Nov 20 07:16:38 PST 2023
CPU: ARMv7 Processor [410fc090] revision 0 (ARMv7), cr=10c5387d
CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT nonaliasing instruction cache
OF: fdt: Machine model: V2P-CA9
Memory policy: Data cache writealloc
Reserved memory: created DMA memory pool at 0x4c000000, size 8 MiB
OF: reserved mem: initialized node vram@4c000000, compatible id shared-dma-pool
cma: Reserved 16 MiB at 0x9f000000
Zone ranges:
Normal [mem 0x0000000060000000-0x000000009fffffff]
Movable zone start for each node
Early memory node ranges
node 0: [mem 0x0000000060000000-0x000000009fffffff]
Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000060000000-0x000000009fffffff]
percpu: Embedded 15 pages/cpu s30220 r8192 d23028 u61440
pcpu-alloc: s30220 r8192 d23028 u61440 alloc=15*4096
pcpu-alloc: [0] 0 [0] 1 [0] 2 [0] 3
Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 260096
Kernel command line: root=/dev/mmcblk0 rw rootfstype=ext4 init=/linuxrc console=tty0 console=ttyAMA0 ip=10.0.0.2:10.0.0.1:10.0.0.1:255.255.255.0
printk: log_buf_len individual max cpu contribution: 4096 bytes
printk: log_buf_len total cpu_extra contributions: 12288 bytes
printk: log_buf_len min size: 16384 bytes
printk: log_buf_len: 32768 bytes
printk: early log buf free: 14920(91%)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 7, 524288 bytes, linear)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes, linear)
mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:off, heap free:off
Memory: 1010696K/1048576K available (8192K kernel code, 591K rwdata, 1820K rodata, 1024K init, 148K bss, 21496K reserved, 16384K cma-reserved)
SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=4, Nodes=1
trace event string verifier disabled
rcu: Hierarchical RCU implementation.
rcu: RCU event tracing is enabled.
rcu: RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=8 to nr_cpu_ids=4.
rcu: RCU calculated value of scheduler-enlistment delay is 10 jiffies.
rcu: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=16, nr_cpu_ids=4
NR_IRQS: 16, nr_irqs: 16, preallocated irqs: 16
L2C: platform modifies aux control register: 0x02020000 -> 0x02420000
L2C: DT/platform modifies aux control register: 0x02020000 -> 0x02420000
L2C-310 enabling early BRESP for Cortex-A9
L2C-310 full line of zeros enabled for Cortex-A9
L2C-310 dynamic clock gating disabled, standby mode disabled
L2C-310 cache controller enabled, 8 ways, 128 kB
L2C-310: CACHE_ID 0x410000c8, AUX_CTRL 0x46420001
sched_clock: 32 bits at 24MHz, resolution 41ns, wraps every 89478484971ns
clocksource: arm,sp804: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 1911260446275 ns
smp_twd: clock not found -2
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
printk: console [tty0] enabled
Calibrating local timer… 99.29MHz.
Calibrating delay loop… 973.20 BogoMIPS (lpj=4866048)
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
CPU0: Spectre v2: using BPIALL workaround
pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
Mount-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
CPU0: thread -1, cpu 0, socket 0, mpidr 80000000
Setting up static identity map for 0x60100000 - 0x60100060
rcu: Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs …
CPU1: thread -1, cpu 1, socket 0, mpidr 80000001
CPU1: Spectre v2: using BPIALL workaround
CPU2: thread -1, cpu 2, socket 0, mpidr 80000002
CPU2: Spectre v2: using BPIALL workaround
CPU3: thread -1, cpu 3, socket 0, mpidr 80000003
CPU3: Spectre v2: using BPIALL workaround
smp: Brought up 1 node, 4 CPUs
SMP: Total of 4 processors activated (3047.42 BogoMIPS).
CPU: All CPU(s) started in SVC mode.
devtmpfs: initialized
VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 3 part 30 variant 9 rev 0
clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
futex hash table entries: 1024 (order: 4, 65536 bytes, linear)
NET: Registered PF_NETLINK/PF_ROUTE protocol family
DMA: preallocated 256 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations
cpuidle: using governor ladder
hw-breakpoint: debug architecture 0x4 unsupported.
Serial: AMBA PL011 UART driver
irq: type mismatch, failed to map hwirq-75 for interrupt-controller@1e001000!
SCSI subsystem initialized
libata version 3.00 loaded.
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
pps_core: LinuxPPS API ver. 1 registered
pps_core: Software ver. 5.3.6 - Copyright 2005-2007 Rodolfo Giometti giometti@linux.it
PTP clock support registered
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Initialized.
clocksource: Switched to clocksource arm,sp804
NET: Registered PF_INET protocol family
IP idents hash table entries: 16384 (order: 5, 131072 bytes, linear)
tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 6144 bytes, linear)
Table-perturb hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes, linear)
TCP established hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes, linear)
TCP bind hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes, linear)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 8192 bind 8192)
UDP hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
UDP-Lite hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
NET: Registered PF_UNIX/PF_LOCAL protocol family
RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
RPC: Registered udp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
hw perfevents: enabled with armv7_cortex_a9 PMU driver, 5 counters available
workingset: timestamp_bits=30 max_order=18 bucket_order=0
squashfs: version 4.0 (2009/01/31) Phillip Lougher
jffs2: version 2.2. (NAND) © 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
9p: Installing v9fs 9p2000 file system support
io scheduler mq-deadline registered
io scheduler kyber registered
sii902x 0-0060: supply iovcc not found, using dummy regulator
sii902x 0-0060: supply cvcc12 not found, using dummy regulator
physmap-flash 40000000.flash: physmap platform flash device: [mem 0x40000000-0x43ffffff]
40000000.flash: Found 2 x16 devices at 0x0 in 32-bit bank. Manufacturer ID 0x000000 Chip ID 0x000000
Intel/Sharp Extended Query Table at 0x0031
Using buffer write method
erase region 0: offset=0x0,size=0x40000,blocks=256
physmap-flash 40000000.flash: physmap platform flash device: [mem 0x44000000-0x47ffffff]
40000000.flash: Found 2 x16 devices at 0x0 in 32-bit bank. Manufacturer ID 0x000000 Chip ID 0x000000
Intel/Sharp Extended Query Table at 0x0031
Using buffer write method
erase region 0: offset=0x0,size=0x40000,blocks=256
Concatenating MTD devices:
(0): “40000000.flash”
(1): “40000000.flash”
into device “40000000.flash”
physmap-flash 48000000.psram: physmap platform flash device: [mem 0x48000000-0x49ffffff]
smsc911x 4e000000.ethernet eth0: MAC Address: 52:54:00:12:34:56
isp1760 4f000000.usb: isp1760 bus width: 32, oc: digital
isp1760 4f000000.usb: NXP ISP1760 USB Host Controller
isp1760 4f000000.usb: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
isp1760 4f000000.usb: Scratch test failed. 0x00000000
isp1760 4f000000.usb: can’t setup: -19
isp1760 4f000000.usb: USB bus 1 deregistered
usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
ledtrig-cpu: registered to indicate activity on CPUs
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
usbhid: USB HID core driver
NET: Registered PF_PACKET protocol family
9pnet: Installing 9P2000 support
Registering SWP/SWPB emulation handler
aaci-pl041 10004000.aaci: ARM AC’97 Interface PL041 rev0 at 0x10004000, irq 32
aaci-pl041 10004000.aaci: FIFO 512 entries
mmci-pl18x 10005000.mmci: Got CD GPIO
mmci-pl18x 10005000.mmci: Got WP GPIO
10009000.uart: ttyAMA0 at MMIO 0x10009000 (irq = 37, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
mmci-pl18x 10005000.mmci: mmc0: PL181 manf 41 rev0 at 0x10005000 irq 33,34 (pio)
printk: console [ttyAMA0] enabled
input: AT Raw Set 2 keyboard as /devices/platform/bus@40000000/bus@40000000:motherboard-bus@40000000/bus@40000000:motherboard-bus@40000000:iofpga@7,00000000/10006000.kmi/serio0/input/input0
1000a000.uart: ttyAMA1 at MMIO 0x1000a000 (irq = 38, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
1000b000.uart: ttyAMA2 at MMIO 0x1000b000 (irq = 39, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
1000c000.uart: ttyAMA3 at MMIO 0x1000c000 (irq = 40, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
mmc0: new SD card at address 4567
mmcblk0: mmc0:4567 QEMU! 64.0 MiB
rtc-pl031 10017000.rtc: registered as rtc0
rtc-pl031 10017000.rtc: setting system clock to 2023-11-20T15:34:34 UTC (1700494474)
amba 10020000.clcd: Fixing up cyclic dependency with 0-0039
drm-clcd-pl111 10020000.clcd: DVI muxed to daughterboard 1 (core tile) CLCD
drm-clcd-pl111 10020000.clcd: initializing Versatile Express PL111
sii902x 0-0039: supply iovcc not found, using dummy regulator
sii902x 0-0039: supply cvcc12 not found, using dummy regulator
i2c i2c-0: Added multiplexed i2c bus 2
drm-clcd-pl111 1001f000.clcd: assigned reserved memory node vram@4c000000
drm-clcd-pl111 1001f000.clcd: using device-specific reserved memory
drm-clcd-pl111 1001f000.clcd: core tile graphics present
drm-clcd-pl111 1001f000.clcd: this device will be deactivated
drm-clcd-pl111 1001f000.clcd: Versatile Express init failed - -19
drm-clcd-pl111 10020000.clcd: DVI muxed to daughterboard 1 (core tile) CLCD
drm-clcd-pl111 10020000.clcd: initializing Versatile Express PL111
drm-clcd-pl111 10020000.clcd: found bridge on endpoint 0
drm-clcd-pl111 10020000.clcd: Using non-panel bridge
[drm] Initialized pl111 1.0.0 20170317 for 10020000.clcd on minor 0
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 128x48
drm-clcd-pl111 10020000.clcd: [drm] fb0: pl111drmfb frame buffer device
input: ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse as /devices/platform/bus@40000000/bus@40000000:motherboard-bus@40000000/bus@40000000:motherboard-bus@40000000:iofpga@7,00000000/10007000.kmi/serio1/input/input2
Generic PHY 4e000000.ethernet-ffffffff:01: attached PHY driver (mii_bus:phy_addr=4e000000.ethernet-ffffffff:01, irq=POLL)
smsc911x 4e000000.ethernet eth0: SMSC911x/921x identified at 0xc08b0000, IRQ: 30
IP-Config: Complete:
device=eth0, hwaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56, ipaddr=10.0.0.2, mask=255.255.255.0, gw=10.0.0.1
host=10.0.0.2, domain=, nis-domain=(none)
bootserver=10.0.0.1, rootserver=10.0.0.1, rootpath=
ALSA device list:
#0: ARM AC’97 Interface PL041 rev0 at 0x10004000, irq 32
EXT4-fs (mmcblk0): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null). Quota mode: disabled.
VFS: Mounted root (ext4 filesystem) on device 179:0.
Freeing unused kernel image (initmem) memory: 1024K
Run /linuxrc as init process
with arguments:
/linuxrc
with environment:
HOME=/
TERM=linux
random: crng init done
EXT4-fs (mmcblk0): re-mounted. Opts: (null). Quota mode: disabled.

dmesg linux3.5

Booting Linux on physical CPU 0
Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset
Linux version 3.5.0 (root@ubuntu) (gcc version 4.5.1 (ctng-1.8.1-FA) ) #1 SMP Thu Nov 16 22:06:56 PST 2023
CPU: ARMv7 Processor [410fc090] revision 0 (ARMv7), cr=10c53c7d
CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT nonaliasing instruction cache
Machine: ARM-Versatile Express
cma: CMA: reserved 16 MiB at 9f000000
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writealloc
On node 0 totalpages: 262144
free_area_init_node: node 0, pgdat 8049dd00, node_mem_map 804bd000
Normal zone: 2048 pages used for memmap
Normal zone: 0 pages reserved
Normal zone: 260096 pages, LIFO batch:31
sched_clock: 32 bits at 24MHz, resolution 41ns, wraps every 178956ms
PERCPU: Embedded 7 pages/cpu @80cc3000 s5824 r8192 d14656 u32768
pcpu-alloc: s5824 r8192 d14656 u32768 alloc=8*4096
pcpu-alloc: [0] 0 [0] 1 [0] 2 [0] 3
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 260096
Kernel command line: root=/dev/mmcblk1 rw rootfstype=ext3 init=/linuxrc console=tty0 console=ttyAMA0 ip=10.0.0.2:10.0.0.1:10.0.0.1:255.255.255.0
PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 7, 524288 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)
Memory: 1024MB = 1024MB total
Memory: 1018172k/1018172k available, 30404k reserved, 0K highmem
Virtual kernel memory layout:
vector : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000 ( 4 kB)
fixmap : 0xfff00000 - 0xfffe0000 ( 896 kB)
vmalloc : 0xc0800000 - 0xff000000 (1000 MB)
lowmem : 0x80000000 - 0xc0000000 (1024 MB)
modules : 0x7f000000 - 0x80000000 ( 16 MB)
.text : 0x80008000 - 0x8043d1a0 (4309 kB)
.init : 0x8043e000 - 0x8046a6c0 ( 178 kB)
.data : 0x8046c000 - 0x8049e7e0 ( 202 kB)
.bss : 0x8049e804 - 0x804bce6c ( 122 kB)
SLUB: Genslabs=11, HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=4, Nodes=1
Hierarchical RCU implementation.
NR_IRQS:256
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
console [tty0] enabled
Calibrating delay loop… 752.43 BogoMIPS (lpj=3762176)
pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
CPU0: thread -1, cpu 0, socket 0, mpidr 80000000
smp_twd: clock not found: -2
Calibrating local timer… 100.89MHz.
hw perfevents: enabled with ARMv7 Cortex-A9 PMU driver, 5 counters available
Setting up static identity map for 0x6033aca0 - 0x6033acf8
CPU1: thread -1, cpu 1, socket 0, mpidr 80000001
CPU2: thread -1, cpu 2, socket 0, mpidr 80000002
CPU3: thread -1, cpu 3, socket 0, mpidr 80000003
Brought up 4 CPUs
SMP: Total of 4 processors activated (3855.56 BogoMIPS).
NET: Registered protocol family 16
DMA: preallocated 256 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations
L310 cache controller enabled
l2x0: 8 ways, CACHE_ID 0x410000c8, AUX_CTRL 0x02420000, Cache size: 131072 B
hw-breakpoint: debug architecture 0x4 unsupported.
Serial: AMBA PL011 UART driver
mb:uart0: ttyAMA0 at MMIO 0x10009000 (irq = 37) is a PL011 rev1
console [ttyAMA0] enabled
mb:uart1: ttyAMA1 at MMIO 0x1000a000 (irq = 38) is a PL011 rev1
mb:uart2: ttyAMA2 at MMIO 0x1000b000 (irq = 39) is a PL011 rev1
mb:uart3: ttyAMA3 at MMIO 0x1000c000 (irq = 40) is a PL011 rev1
bio: create slab at 0
SCSI subsystem initialized
libata version 3.00 loaded.
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.25.
Switching to clocksource v2m-timer1
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 131072 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 65536 (order: 7, 524288 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 131072 bind 65536)
TCP: reno registered
UDP hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
UDP-Lite hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
NET: Registered protocol family 1
RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
RPC: Registered udp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
jffs2: version 2.2. (NAND) © 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
msgmni has been set to 2020
io scheduler noop registered (default)
clcd-pl11x ct:clcd: PL111 rev2 at 0x10020000
clcd-pl11x ct:clcd: CT-CA9X4 hardware, XVGA display
v2m_cfg_write: writing 03c8eee0 to 00110001
v2m_cfg_write: writing 00000000 to 00710000
v2m_cfg_write: writing 00000002 to 00b10000
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 128x48
smsc911x: Driver version 2008-10-21
smsc911x-mdio: probed
smsc911x smsc911x: eth0: attached PHY driver [Generic PHY] (mii_bus:phy_addr=smsc911x-fffffff:01, irq=-1)
smsc911x smsc911x: eth0: MAC Address: 52:54:00:12:34:56
isp1760 isp1760: NXP ISP1760 USB Host Controller
isp1760 isp1760: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
isp1760 isp1760: Scratch test failed.
isp1760 isp1760: can’t setup
isp1760 isp1760: USB bus 1 deregistered
isp1760: Failed to register the HCD device
Initializing USB Mass Storage driver…
usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
USB Mass Storage support registered.
mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
rtc-pl031 mb:rtc: rtc core: registered pl031 as rtc0
mmci-pl18x mb:mmci: mmc0: PL181 manf 41 rev0 at 0x10005000 irq 41,42 (pio)
mmc0: host does not support reading read-only switch. assuming write-enable.
mmc0: new SD card at address 4567
mmcblk1: mmc0:4567 QEMU! 1.00 GiB
mmcblk1: unknown partition table
input: AT Raw Set 2 keyboard as /devices/mb:kmi0/serio0/input/input0
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
usbhid: USB HID core driver
aaci-pl041 mb:aaci: ARM AC’97 Interface PL041 rev0 at 0x10004000, irq 43
aaci-pl041 mb:aaci: FIFO 512 entries
oprofile: using arm/armv7-ca9
TCP: cubic registered
NET: Registered protocol family 17
VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 3 part 30 variant 9 rev 0
rtc-pl031 mb:rtc: setting system clock to 2023-11-21 11:45:51 UTC (1700567151)
smsc911x smsc911x: eth0: SMSC911x/921x identified at 0xc0880000, IRQ: 47
IP-Config: Complete:
device=eth0, addr=10.0.0.2, mask=255.255.255.0, gw=10.0.0.1
host=10.0.0.2, domain=, nis-domain=(none)
bootserver=10.0.0.1, rootserver=10.0.0.1, rootpath=
ALSA device list:
#0: ARM AC’97 Interface PL041 rev0 at 0x10004000, irq 43
input: ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse as /devices/mb:kmi1/serio1/input/input1
kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds
EXT3-fs (mmcblk1): using internal journal
EXT3-fs (mmcblk1): recovery complete
EXT3-fs (mmcblk1): mounted filesystem with writeback data mode
VFS: Mounted root (ext3 filesystem) on device 179:0.
Freeing init memory: 176K

uname -a linux 5

Linux buildroot 5.15.137 #1 SMP Mon Nov 20 07:16:38 PST 2023 armv7l GNU/Linux