后端文件上传逻辑详解

路径问题

• 因为开发时和部署时的系统不同，所以文件路径应该是可装配的，最好写在配置文件中，通过**@Value**注解来动态获取。

//配置文件
community.path.domain=http://localhost:8080
community.path.upload=d:/work/data/upload

//控制层代码  用来获取配置文件中的路径
@Value("${community.path.upload}")
    private String uploadPath;
    @Value("${community.path.domain}")
    private String domain;
    @Value("${server.servlet.context-path}")
    private String contextPath;

上传业务逻辑

1. 通过MultipartFile来接收文件，如果是多个文件则以数组的形式接收

   @PostMapping(path = "/upload")
   public String uploadHeader(MultipartFile headerImage, Model model)
   

2. 判断文件是否为空，不为空才执行该方法

3. 通过参数获得该文件的名字

String fileName = headerImage.getOriginalFilename();

4. 通过文件名字来截取文件的后缀

String suffix = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf(".") + 1);

5. 因为不同用户的文件名可能相同，所以要再生成随机的文件名来防止文件覆盖

fileName =  CommunityUtil.generateUUID()+suffix; //注：随便一个生成uuid的工具类即可

6. 确定文件存放的路径

  File dest = new File(uploadPath+"/"+fileName);

7. 将文件上传到目标路径

 try {//自带的上传文件的接口
        headerImage.transferTo(dest);
    } catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("上传文件失败",e);
    }

8. 更新数据库中相关的数据(本例中是用户的头像路径)

   User user = hostHolder.getUser();
    String headerUrl = domain + contextPath + "/user/header/"+ fileName;
    userService.updateHeader(user.getId(),headerUrl);

访问/获取业务逻辑

1. 本方法的路径不能乱写，要与上面第8个配置的路径相同

  @RequestMapping(path = "/header/{fileName}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public void getHeader(@PathVariable("fileName") String fileName, HttpServletResponse response)

2. 找到服务器存放路径，获得文件后缀

  fileName = uploadPath + "/" + fileName;
  String suffix = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("."));

3. 响应图片，修改response返回格式

//该内容类型的意思是访问图片      
response.setContentType("image/" + suffix);

4. response读取文件

  try (
                FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(fileName);
                OutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();
        ) {
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int b = 0;
            while ((b = fis.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                os.write(buffer, 0, b);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("读取头像失败: " + e.getMessage());
        }

• 注：上面的第一个圆括号是java7的特性，可以自动关闭流

上传完整代码

@PostMapping(path = "/upload")
public String uploadHeader(MultipartFile headerImage, Model model){
        if(headerImage == null) {
            model.addAttribute("error","您还没有选择图片");
            return "/site/setting";
        }

    String fileName = headerImage.getOriginalFilename();
    String suffix = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("."));
if(StringUtils.isBlank(suffix)){
    model.addAttribute("error","文件的格式不正确");
    return "/site/setting";
}
fileName =  CommunityUtil.generateUUID()+suffix;
    File dest = new File(uploadPath+"/"+fileName);
    try {
        headerImage.transferTo(dest);
    } catch (IOException e) {
log.error("上传文件失败");
throw new RuntimeException("上传文件失败",e);
    }
    //更新当前用户头像的路径
    User user = hostHolder.getUser();
    String headerUrl = domain + contextPath + "/user/header/"+ fileName;
    userService.updateHeader(user.getId(),headerUrl);
    return "redirect:/index";
}

访问完整代码

 @RequestMapping(path = "/header/{fileName}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public void getHeader(@PathVariable("fileName") String fileName, HttpServletResponse response) {
        // 服务器存放路径
        fileName = uploadPath + "/" + fileName;
        // 文件后缀
        String suffix = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("."));
        // 响应图片
        response.setContentType("image/" + suffix);
        try (
                FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(fileName);
                OutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();
        ) {
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int b = 0;
            while ((b = fis.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                os.write(buffer, 0, b);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("读取头像失败: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

补充

1. 在读取文件返回那块，有已经写好的方法可以直接调用,在hutool依赖中

        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
            <version>5.7.3</version>
        </dependency>

• 调用的代码

  //注：该内容类型的意思是下载而非访问
  response.setContentType("application/octet-stream");
   byte[] bytes=FileUtil.readBytes(basePath+fileName);
   os=response.getOutputStream();
   os.write(bytes);
   os.flush();
   os.close();