opentuner_example
代码
#!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Optimize blocksize of apps/mmm_block.cpp
#
# This is an extremely simplified version meant only for tutorials
#
from __future__ import print_function
import opentuner
from opentuner import ConfigurationManipulator
from opentuner import IntegerParameter
from opentuner import MeasurementInterface
from opentuner import Result
#GccFlagsTuner 类的实例，它使用 opentuner 调整指定的参数
class GccFlagsTuner(MeasurementInterface):
#定义搜索空间
def manipulator(self):
"""
Define the search space by creating a
ConfigurationManipulator
"""
manipulator = ConfigurationManipulator()
manipulator.add_parameter(
IntegerParameter('BLOCK_SIZE', 1, 20)) #搜索空间
return manipulator
#在给定配置下运行opentuner，并返回在此配置下计算出的性能
def run(self, desired_result, input, limit):
"""
Compile and run a given configuration then
return performance
"""
cfg = desired_result.configuration.data
#print(cfg)
##gcc_cmd是命令行编译需要执行的语句
gcc_cmd = 'g++ mmm_block.cpp '
gcc_cmd += ' -D{0}={1}'.format('BLOCK_SIZE', cfg['BLOCK_SIZE'])
gcc_cmd += ' -o ./tmp.bin'
compile_result = self.call_program(gcc_cmd)
#print(compile_result)
#windows下值为0，linux下值为1
assert compile_result['returncode'] == 0
run_cmd = './tmp.bin'
run_result = self.call_program(run_cmd)
#print("hello world")
#print(run_result)
#windows下值为0，linux下值为1
assert run_result['returncode'] == 0
return Result(time=run_result['time'])
#将找到的最佳 blockSize 参数的 json 字典保存到文件 mmm_final_config.json
def save_final_config(self, configuration):
"""called at the end of tuning"""
print("Optimal block size written to mmm_final_config.json:", configuration.data)
self.manipulator().save_to_file(configuration.data,
'mmm_final_config.json')
if __name__ == '__main__':
#argparser是一个命令行解析器对象,它并不为空
argparser = opentuner.default_argparser()
#argparser.parse_args()是进行解析
GccFlagsTuner.main(argparser.parse_args())
arg是什么
在数学里arg是解
.bin文件
binary，二进制文件
argparse模块
可以让人轻松编写用户友好的命令行接口
cfg的内部数据
self.call_program(gcc_cmd)的返回值
compile_result的内部数据
run_result的内部数据
函数run的返回值
是一个对象
运行方法
Run the following command to autotune our program(The --no-dups flag hides warnings about duplicate results and the --stop-after parameter specifies that we are running opentuner for a maximum of 30 seconds):
python mmm_tuner.py --no-dups --stop-after=30
gccflags
重点
extract_working_params
重点在于对gcc参数的理解
编译器标志：gcc_flags
编译选项: gcc_params
example:
gcc_flags: asynchronous-unwind-tables
gcc -S -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables execFunc.c
(52条消息) g++的英文版使用说明和选项_Lionel_Coder的博客-CSDN博客
在如上的博客里可以看出，gcc_flags和gcc_params都是如下的语法格式
Usage: g++ [options] file... Options:
PeteBricks
PetaBricks 是一种隐式并行编程语言，它的编译器对一个应用的多个算法版本进行多种实现，提供算法的多种选择是这么语言的基本结构，编译器可以根据算法的多种实现进行细粒度的调优。
example1
0.75版本
#!/usr/bin/env python
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function
from builtins import map
from builtins import filter
from builtins import range
from past.utils import old_div
import math
import argparse
import ast
import collections
import json
import logging
import opentuner
import os
import random
import re
import shutil
import subprocess
import sys
from opentuner.resultsdb.models import Result, TuningRun
from opentuner.search import manipulator
FLAGS_WORKING_CACHE_FILE = 'cc_flags.json'
PARAMS_DEFAULTS_CACHE_FILE = 'cc_param_defaults.json'
PARAMS_DEF_PATH = '~/gcc-4.9.0/gcc/params.def'
PARAMS_WORKING_CACHE_FILE = 'cc_params.json'
log = logging.getLogger('gccflags')
argparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(parents=opentuner.argparsers())
argparser.add_argument('--source', default='tsp_ga.cpp',help='source file to compile')
argparser.add_argument('--compile-template',
default='{cc} {source} -o {output} -lpthread {flags}',
help='command to compile {source} into {output} with'
' {flags}')
argparser.add_argument('--compile-limit', type=float, default=30,
help='kill gcc if it runs more than {default} sec')
argparser.add_argument('--scaler', type=int, default=4,
help='by what factor to try increasing parameters')
argparser.add_argument('--cc', default='g++', help='g++ or gcc')
argparser.add_argument('--output', default='./tmp.bin',
help='temporary file for compiler to write to')
argparser.add_argument('--debug', action='store_true',
help='on gcc errors try to find minimal set '
'of args to reproduce error')
argparser.add_argument('--force-killall', action='store_true',
help='killall cc1plus before each collection')
argparser.add_argument('--memory-limit', default=1024 ** 3, type=int,
help='memory limit for child process')
argparser.add_argument('--no-cached-flags', action='store_true',
help='regenerate the lists of legal flags each time')
argparser.add_argument('--flags-histogram', action='store_true',
help='print out a histogram of flags')
argparser.add_argument('--flag-importance',
help='Test the importance of different flags from a '
'given json file.')
class GccFlagsTuner(opentuner.measurement.MeasurementInterface):
def __init__(self, *pargs, **kwargs):
super(GccFlagsTuner, self).__init__(program_name=args.source, *pargs,
**kwargs)
self.gcc_version =self.extract_gcc_version()
self.cc_flags = self.extract_working_flags()
self.cc_param_defaults = self.extract_param_defaults()
self.cc_params = self.extract_working_params()
# these bugs are hardcoded for now
# sets of options which causes gcc to barf
if True:
# These bugs were for gcc 4.7 on ubuntu
self.cc_bugs = (['-fipa-matrix-reorg', '-fwhole-program'],
['-fno-tree-coalesce-inlined-vars'],
['-fno-inline-atomics'],
['-ftoplevel-reorder', '-fno-unit-at-a-time'])
else:
# Bugs for gcc 4.9 (work in progress, incomplete list)
self.cc_bugs = (['-ftoplevel-reorder', '-fno-unit-at-a-time'],)
self.result_list = {}
self.parallel_compile = True
try:
os.stat('./tmp')
except OSError:
os.mkdir('./tmp')
self.run_baselines()
def run_baselines(self):
log.info("baseline perfs -O0=%.4f -O1=%.4f -O2=%.4f -O3=%.4f",
*[self.run_with_flags(['-O%d' % i], None).time
for i in range(4)])
def extract_gcc_version(self):
m = re.search(r'([0-9]+)[.]([0-9]+)[.]([0-9]+)', (subprocess.check_output([
self.args.cc, '--version'])).decode('utf-8'))
if m:
gcc_version = tuple(map(int, m.group(1, 2, 3)))
else:
gcc_version = None
log.debug('gcc version %s', gcc_version)
return gcc_version
def extract_working_flags(self):
"""
Figure out which gcc flags work (don't cause gcc to barf) by running
each one.
"""
if os.path.isfile(FLAGS_WORKING_CACHE_FILE) and not args.no_cached_flags:
# use cached version
found_cc_flags = json.load(open(FLAGS_WORKING_CACHE_FILE))
else:
# extract flags from --help=optimizers
optimizers, err = subprocess.Popen([self.args.cc, '--help=optimizers'],
stdout=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()
found_cc_flags = re.findall(r'^ (-f[a-z0-9-]+) ', optimizers,
re.MULTILINE)
log.info('Determining which of %s possible gcc flags work',
len(found_cc_flags))
found_cc_flags = list(filter(self.check_if_flag_works, found_cc_flags))
json.dump(found_cc_flags, open(FLAGS_WORKING_CACHE_FILE, 'w'))
return found_cc_flags
def extract_param_defaults(self):
"""
Get the default, minimum, and maximum for each gcc parameter.
Requires source code for gcc to be in your home directory.
This example ships with a cached version so it does not require source.
"""
if os.path.isfile(PARAMS_DEFAULTS_CACHE_FILE) and not args.no_cached_flags:
# use cached version
param_defaults = json.load(open(PARAMS_DEFAULTS_CACHE_FILE))
else:
# default values of params need to be extracted from source code,
# since they are not in --help
param_defaults = dict()
params_def = open(os.path.expanduser(PARAMS_DEF_PATH)).read()
for m in re.finditer(r'DEFPARAM *\((([^")]|"[^"]*")*)\)', params_def):
param_def_str = (m.group(1)
# Hacks!!!
.replace('GGC_MIN_EXPAND_DEFAULT', '30')
.replace('GGC_MIN_HEAPSIZE_DEFAULT', '4096')
.replace('50 * 1024 * 1024', '52428800'))
try:
name, desc, default, param_min, param_max = ast.literal_eval(
'[' + param_def_str.split(',', 1)[1] + ']')
param_defaults[name] = {'default': default,
'min': param_min,
'max': param_max}
except:
log.exception("error with %s", param_def_str)
json.dump(param_defaults, open(PARAMS_DEFAULTS_CACHE_FILE, 'w'))
return param_defaults
def extract_working_params(self):
"""
Figure out which gcc params work (don't cause gcc to barf) by running
each one to test.
"""
params, err = subprocess.Popen(
[self.args.cc, '--help=params'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()
all_params = re.findall(r'^ ([a-z0-9-]+) ', params, re.MULTILINE)
all_params = sorted(set(all_params) &
set(self.cc_param_defaults.keys()))
if os.path.isfile(PARAMS_WORKING_CACHE_FILE) and not args.no_cached_flags:
# use cached version
return json.load(open(PARAMS_WORKING_CACHE_FILE))
else:
log.info('Determining which of %s possible gcc params work',
len(all_params))
working_params = []
for param in all_params:
if self.check_if_flag_works('--param={}={}'.format(
param, self.cc_param_defaults[param]['default'])):
working_params.append(param)
json.dump(working_params, open(PARAMS_WORKING_CACHE_FILE, 'w'))
return working_params
def check_if_flag_works(self, flag, try_inverted=True):
cmd = args.compile_template.format(source=args.source, output=args.output,
flags=flag, cc=args.cc)
compile_result = self.call_program(cmd, limit=args.compile_limit)
if compile_result['returncode'] != 0:
log.warning("removing flag %s because it results in compile error", flag)
return False
if 'warning: this target' in compile_result['stderr']:
log.warning("removing flag %s because not supported by target", flag)
return False
if 'has been renamed' in compile_result['stderr']:
log.warning("removing flag %s because renamed", flag)
return False
if try_inverted and flag[:2] == '-f':
if not self.check_if_flag_works(invert_gcc_flag(flag),
try_inverted=False):
log.warning("Odd... %s works but %s does not", flag,
invert_gcc_flag(flag))
return False
return True
def manipulator(self):
m = manipulator.ConfigurationManipulator()
m.add_parameter(manipulator.IntegerParameter('-O', 0, 3))
for flag in self.cc_flags:
m.add_parameter(manipulator.EnumParameter(flag, ['on', 'off', 'default']))
for param in self.cc_params:
defaults = self.cc_param_defaults[param]
if defaults['max'] <= defaults['min']:
defaults['max'] = float('inf')
defaults['max'] = min(defaults['max'],
max(1, defaults['default']) * args.scaler)
defaults['min'] = max(defaults['min'],
old_div(max(1, defaults['default']), args.scaler))
if param == 'l1-cache-line-size':
# gcc requires this to be a power of two or it internal errors
m.add_parameter(manipulator.PowerOfTwoParameter(param, 4, 256))
elif defaults['max'] > 128:
m.add_parameter(manipulator.LogIntegerParameter(
param, defaults['min'], defaults['max']))
else:
m.add_parameter(manipulator.IntegerParameter(
param, defaults['min'], defaults['max']))
return m
def cfg_to_flags(self, cfg):
flags = ['-O%d' % cfg['-O']]
for flag in self.cc_flags:
if cfg[flag] == 'on':
flags.append(flag)
elif cfg[flag] == 'off':
flags.append(invert_gcc_flag(flag))
for param in self.cc_params:
flags.append('--param=%s=%d' % (param, cfg[param]))
# workaround sets of flags that trigger compiler crashes/hangs
for bugset in self.cc_bugs:
if len(set(bugset) & set(flags)) == len(bugset):
flags.remove(bugset[-1])
return flags
def make_command(self, cfg):
return args.compile_template.format(source=args.source, output=args.output,
flags=' '.join(self.cfg_to_flags(cfg)),
cc=args.cc)
def get_tmpdir(self, result_id):
return './tmp/%d' % result_id
def cleanup(self, result_id):
tmp_dir = self.get_tmpdir(result_id)
shutil.rmtree(tmp_dir)
def compile_and_run(self, desired_result, input, limit):
cfg = desired_result.configuration.data
compile_result = self.compile(cfg, 0)
return self.run_precompiled(desired_result, input, limit, compile_result, 0)
compile_results = {'ok': 0, 'timeout': 1, 'error': 2}
def run_precompiled(self, desired_result, input, limit, compile_result,
result_id):
if self.args.force_killall:
os.system('killall -9 cc1plus 2>/dev/null')
# Make sure compile was successful
if compile_result == self.compile_results['timeout']:
return Result(state='TIMEOUT', time=float('inf'))
elif compile_result == self.compile_results['error']:
return Result(state='ERROR', time=float('inf'))
tmp_dir = self.get_tmpdir(result_id)
output_dir = '%s/%s' % (tmp_dir, args.output)
try:
run_result = self.call_program([output_dir], limit=limit,
memory_limit=args.memory_limit)
except OSError:
return Result(state='ERROR', time=float('inf'))
if run_result['returncode'] != 0:
if run_result['timeout']:
return Result(state='TIMEOUT', time=float('inf'))
else:
log.error('program error')
return Result(state='ERROR', time=float('inf'))
return Result(time=run_result['time'])
def debug_gcc_error(self, flags):
def fails(subflags):
cmd = args.compile_template.format(source=args.source, output=args.output,
flags=' '.join(subflags),
cc=args.cc)
compile_result = self.call_program(cmd, limit=args.compile_limit)
return compile_result['returncode'] != 0
if self.args.debug:
while len(flags) > 8:
log.error("compile error with %d flags, diagnosing...", len(flags))
tmpflags = [x for x in flags if random.choice((True, False))]
if fails(tmpflags):
flags = tmpflags
# linear scan
minimal_flags = []
for i in range(len(flags)):
tmpflags = minimal_flags + flags[i + 1:]
if not fails(tmpflags):
minimal_flags.append(flags[i])
log.error("compiler crashes/hangs with flags: %s", minimal_flags)
def compile(self, config_data, result_id):
flags = self.cfg_to_flags(config_data)
return self.compile_with_flags(flags, result_id)
def compile_with_flags(self, flags, result_id):
tmp_dir = self.get_tmpdir(result_id)
try:
os.stat(tmp_dir)
except OSError:
os.mkdir(tmp_dir)
output_dir = '%s/%s' % (tmp_dir, args.output)
cmd = args.compile_template.format(source=args.source, output=output_dir,
flags=' '.join(flags),
cc=args.cc)
compile_result = self.call_program(cmd, limit=args.compile_limit,
memory_limit=args.memory_limit)
if compile_result['returncode'] != 0:
if compile_result['timeout']:
log.warning("gcc timeout")
return self.compile_results['timeout']
else:
log.warning("gcc error %s", compile_result['stderr'])
self.debug_gcc_error(flags)
return self.compile_results['error']
return self.compile_results['ok']
def run_with_flags(self, flags, limit):
return self.run_precompiled(None, None, limit,
self.compile_with_flags(flags, 0), 0)
def save_final_config(self, configuration):
"""called at the end of tuning"""
print("Best flags written to gccflags_final_config.{json,cmd}")
self.manipulator().save_to_file(configuration.data,
'gccflags_final_config.json')
with open('gccflags_final_config.cmd', 'w') as fd:
fd.write(self.make_command(configuration.data))
def flags_histogram(self, session):
counter = collections.Counter()
q = session.query(TuningRun).filter_by(state='COMPLETE')
total = q.count()
for tr in q:
print(tr.program.name)
for flag in self.cfg_to_flags(tr.final_config.data):
counter[flag] += old_div(1.0, total)
print(counter.most_common(20))
def flag_importance(self):
"""
Test the importance of each flag by measuring the performance with that
flag removed. Print out a table for paper
"""
with open(self.args.flag_importance) as fd:
best_cfg = json.load(fd)
flags = self.cfg_to_flags(best_cfg)
counter = collections.Counter()
baseline_time = self.flags_mean_time(flags)
for flag in flags[1:]:
delta_flags = [f for f in flags if f != flag]
flag_time = self.flags_mean_time(delta_flags)
impact = max(0.0, flag_time - baseline_time)
if math.isinf(impact):
impact = 0.0
counter[flag] = impact
print(flag, '{:.4f}'.format(impact))
total_impact = sum(counter.values())
remaining_impact = total_impact
print(r'\bf Flag & \bf Importance \\\hline')
for flag, impact in counter.most_common(20):
print(r'{} & {:.1f}\% \\\hline'.format(flag, 100.0 * impact / total_impact))
remaining_impact -= impact
print(r'{} other flags & {:.1f}% \\\hline'.format(
len(flags) - 20, 100.0 * remaining_impact / total_impact))
def flags_mean_time(self, flags, trials=10):
precompiled = self.compile_with_flags(flags, 0)
total = 0.0
for _ in range(trials):
total += self.run_precompiled(None, None, None, precompiled, 0).time
return old_div(total, trials)
def prefix_hook(self, session):
if self.args.flags_histogram:
self.flags_histogram(session)
sys.exit(0)
if self.args.flag_importance:
self.flag_importance()
sys.exit(0)
def invert_gcc_flag(flag):
assert flag[:2] == '-f'
if flag[2:5] != 'no-':
return '-fno-' + flag[2:]
return '-f' + flag[5:]
if __name__ == '__main__':
opentuner.init_logging()
args = argparser.parse_args()
GccFlagsTuner.main(args)
可以执行的example1的代码
#!/usr/bin/env python
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function
from builtins import map
from builtins import filter
from builtins import range
from past.utils import old_div
import math
import argparse
import ast
import collections
import json
import logging
import opentuner
import os
import random
import re
import shutil
import subprocess
import sys
from opentuner.resultsdb.models import Result, TuningRun
from opentuner.search import manipulator
FLAGS_WORKING_CACHE_FILE = 'cc_flags.json'
PARAMS_DEFAULTS_CACHE_FILE = 'cc_param_defaults.json'
PARAMS_DEF_PATH = '~/gcc-4.9.0/gcc/params.def'
PARAMS_WORKING_CACHE_FILE = 'cc_params.json'
log = logging.getLogger('gccflags')
argparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(parents=opentuner.argparsers())
argparser.add_argument('--source', default='tsp_ga.cpp',help='source file to compile')
argparser.add_argument('--compile-template',
default='{cc} {source} -o {output} -lpthread {flags}',
help='command to compile {source} into {output} with'
' {flags}')
argparser.add_argument('--compile-limit', type=float, default=30,
help='kill gcc if it runs more than {default} sec')
argparser.add_argument('--scaler', type=int, default=4,
help='by what factor to try increasing parameters')
argparser.add_argument('--cc', default='g++', help='g++ or gcc')
argparser.add_argument('--output', default='./tmp.bin',
help='temporary file for compiler to write to')
argparser.add_argument('--debug', action='store_true',
help='on gcc errors try to find minimal set '
'of args to reproduce error')
argparser.add_argument('--force-killall', action='store_true',
help='killall cc1plus before each collection')
argparser.add_argument('--memory-limit', default=1024 ** 3, type=int,
help='memory limit for child process')
argparser.add_argument('--no-cached-flags', action='store_true',
help='regenerate the lists of legal flags each time')
argparser.add_argument('--flags-histogram', action='store_true',
help='print out a histogram of flags')
argparser.add_argument('--flag-importance',
help='Test the importance of different flags from a '
'given json file.')
class GccFlagsTuner(opentuner.measurement.MeasurementInterface):
def __init__(self, *pargs, **kwargs):
super(GccFlagsTuner, self).__init__(program_name=args.source, *pargs,
**kwargs)
self.gcc_version =self.extract_gcc_version()
self.cc_flags = self.extract_working_flags()
self.cc_param_defaults = self.extract_param_defaults()
self.cc_params = self.extract_working_params()
# these bugs are hardcoded for now
# sets of options which causes gcc to barf
if True:
# These bugs were for gcc 4.7 on ubuntu
self.cc_bugs = (['-fipa-matrix-reorg', '-fwhole-program'],
['-fno-tree-coalesce-inlined-vars'],
['-fno-inline-atomics'],
['-ftoplevel-reorder', '-fno-unit-at-a-time'])
else:
# Bugs for gcc 4.9 (work in progress, incomplete list)
self.cc_bugs = (['-ftoplevel-reorder', '-fno-unit-at-a-time'],)
self.result_list = {}
self.parallel_compile = True
try:
os.stat('./tmp')
except OSError:
os.mkdir('./tmp')
self.run_baselines()
def run_baselines(self):
log.info("baseline perfs -O0=%.4f -O1=%.4f -O2=%.4f -O3=%.4f",
*[self.run_with_flags(['-O%d' % i], None).time
for i in range(4)])
def extract_gcc_version(self):
m = re.search(r'([0-9]+)[.]([0-9]+)[.]([0-9]+)', (subprocess.check_output([
self.args.cc, '--version'])).decode('utf-8'))
if m:
gcc_version = tuple(map(int, m.group(1, 2, 3)))
else:
gcc_version = None
log.debug('gcc version %s', gcc_version)
return gcc_version
def extract_working_flags(self):
"""
Figure out which gcc flags work (don't cause gcc to barf) by running
each one.
"""
if os.path.isfile(FLAGS_WORKING_CACHE_FILE) and not args.no_cached_flags:
# use cached version
found_cc_flags = json.load(open(FLAGS_WORKING_CACHE_FILE))
else:
# extract flags from --help=optimizers
optimizers, err = subprocess.Popen([self.args.cc, '--help=optimizers'],
stdout=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()
found_cc_flags = re.findall(r'^ (-f[a-z0-9-]+) ', optimizers.decode('utf-8'),
re.MULTILINE)
log.info('Determining which of %s possible gcc flags work',
len(found_cc_flags))
b=''
c =b.join(found_cc_flags).encode()
found_cc_flags = list(filter(self.check_if_flag_works, c))
json.dump(found_cc_flags, open(FLAGS_WORKING_CACHE_FILE, 'w'))
return found_cc_flags
def extract_param_defaults(self):
"""
Get the default, minimum, and maximum for each gcc parameter.
Requires source code for gcc to be in your home directory.
This example ships with a cached version so it does not require source.
"""
if os.path.isfile(PARAMS_DEFAULTS_CACHE_FILE) and not args.no_cached_flags:
# use cached version
param_defaults = json.load(open(PARAMS_DEFAULTS_CACHE_FILE))
else:
# default values of params need to be extracted from source code,
# since they are not in --help
param_defaults = dict()
params_def = open(os.path.expanduser(PARAMS_DEF_PATH)).read()
for m in re.finditer(r'DEFPARAM *\((([^")]|"[^"]*")*)\)', params_def):
param_def_str = (m.group(1)
# Hacks!!!
.replace('GGC_MIN_EXPAND_DEFAULT', '30')
.replace('GGC_MIN_HEAPSIZE_DEFAULT', '4096')
.replace('50 * 1024 * 1024', '52428800'))
try:
name, desc, default, param_min, param_max = ast.literal_eval(
'[' + param_def_str.split(',', 1)[1] + ']')
param_defaults[name] = {'default': default,
'min': param_min,
'max': param_max}
except:
log.exception("error with %s", param_def_str)
json.dump(param_defaults, open(PARAMS_DEFAULTS_CACHE_FILE, 'w'))
return param_defaults
def extract_working_params(self):
"""
Figure out which gcc params work (don't cause gcc to barf) by running
each one to test.
"""
params, err = subprocess.Popen(
[self.args.cc, '--help=params'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()
all_params = re.findall(r'^ ([a-z0-9-]+) ', params.decode('utf-8'), re.MULTILINE)
all_params = sorted(set(all_params) &
set(self.cc_param_defaults.keys()))
if os.path.isfile(PARAMS_WORKING_CACHE_FILE) and not args.no_cached_flags:
# use cached version
return json.load(open(PARAMS_WORKING_CACHE_FILE))
else:
log.info('Determining which of %s possible gcc params work',
len(all_params))
working_params = []
for param in all_params:
if self.check_if_flag_works('--param={}={}'.format(
param.encode(), self.cc_param_defaults[param]['default'])):
working_params.append(param)
json.dump(working_params, open(PARAMS_WORKING_CACHE_FILE, 'w'))
return working_params
def check_if_flag_works(self, flag, try_inverted=True):
cmd = args.compile_template.format(source=args.source, output=args.output,
flags=flag, cc=args.cc)
compile_result = self.call_program(cmd, limit=args.compile_limit)
if compile_result['returncode'] != 0:
log.warning("removing flag %s because it results in compile error", flag)
return False
if 'warning: this target' in compile_result['stderr']:
log.warning("removing flag %s because not supported by target", flag)
return False
if 'has been renamed' in compile_result['stderr']:
log.warning("removing flag %s because renamed", flag)
return False
if try_inverted and flag[:2] == '-f':
if not self.check_if_flag_works(invert_gcc_flag(flag),
try_inverted=False):
log.warning("Odd... %s works but %s does not", flag,
invert_gcc_flag(flag))
return False
return True
def manipulator(self):
m = manipulator.ConfigurationManipulator()
m.add_parameter(manipulator.IntegerParameter('-O', 0, 3))
for flag in self.cc_flags:
m.add_parameter(manipulator.EnumParameter(flag, ['on', 'off', 'default']))
for param in self.cc_params:
defaults = self.cc_param_defaults[param]
if defaults['max'] <= defaults['min']:
defaults['max'] = float('inf')
defaults['max'] = min(defaults['max'],
max(1, defaults['default']) * args.scaler)
defaults['min'] = max(defaults['min'],
old_div(max(1, defaults['default']), args.scaler))
if param == 'l1-cache-line-size':
# gcc requires this to be a power of two or it internal errors
m.add_parameter(manipulator.PowerOfTwoParameter(param, 4, 256))
elif defaults['max'] > 128:
m.add_parameter(manipulator.LogIntegerParameter(
param, defaults['min'], defaults['max']))
else:
m.add_parameter(manipulator.IntegerParameter(
param, defaults['min'], defaults['max']))
return m
def cfg_to_flags(self, cfg):
flags = ['-O%d' % cfg['-O']]
for flag in self.cc_flags:
if cfg[flag] == 'on':
flags.append(flag)
elif cfg[flag] == 'off':
flags.append(invert_gcc_flag(flag))
for param in self.cc_params:
flags.append('--param=%s=%d' % (param, cfg[param]))
# workaround sets of flags that trigger compiler crashes/hangs
for bugset in self.cc_bugs:
if len(set(bugset) & set(flags)) == len(bugset):
flags.remove(bugset[-1])
return flags
def make_command(self, cfg):
return args.compile_template.format(source=args.source, output=args.output,
flags=' '.join(self.cfg_to_flags(cfg)),
cc=args.cc)
def get_tmpdir(self, result_id):
return './tmp/%d' % result_id
def cleanup(self, result_id):
tmp_dir = self.get_tmpdir(result_id)
shutil.rmtree(tmp_dir)
def compile_and_run(self, desired_result, input, limit):
cfg = desired_result.configuration.data
compile_result = self.compile(cfg, 0)
return self.run_precompiled(desired_result, input, limit, compile_result, 0)
compile_results = {'ok': 0, 'timeout': 1, 'error': 2}
def run_precompiled(self, desired_result, input, limit, compile_result,
result_id):
if self.args.force_killall:
os.system('killall -9 cc1plus 2>/dev/null')
# Make sure compile was successful
if compile_result == self.compile_results['timeout']:
return Result(state='TIMEOUT', time=float('inf'))
elif compile_result == self.compile_results['error']:
return Result(state='ERROR', time=float('inf'))
tmp_dir = self.get_tmpdir(result_id)
output_dir = '%s/%s' % (tmp_dir, args.output)
try:
run_result = self.call_program([output_dir], limit=limit,
memory_limit=args.memory_limit)
except OSError:
return Result(state='ERROR', time=float('inf'))
if run_result['returncode'] != 0:
if run_result['timeout']:
return Result(state='TIMEOUT', time=float('inf'))
else:
log.error('program error')
return Result(state='ERROR', time=float('inf'))
return Result(time=run_result['time'])
def debug_gcc_error(self, flags):
def fails(subflags):
cmd = args.compile_template.format(source=args.source, output=args.output,
flags=' '.join(subflags),
cc=args.cc)
compile_result = self.call_program(cmd, limit=args.compile_limit)
return compile_result['returncode'] != 0
if self.args.debug:
while len(flags) > 8:
log.error("compile error with %d flags, diagnosing...", len(flags))
tmpflags = [x for x in flags if random.choice((True, False))]
if fails(tmpflags):
flags = tmpflags
# linear scan
minimal_flags = []
for i in range(len(flags)):
tmpflags = minimal_flags + flags[i + 1:]
if not fails(tmpflags):
minimal_flags.append(flags[i])
log.error("compiler crashes/hangs with flags: %s", minimal_flags)
def compile(self, config_data, result_id):
flags = self.cfg_to_flags(config_data)
return self.compile_with_flags(flags, result_id)
def compile_with_flags(self, flags, result_id):
tmp_dir = self.get_tmpdir(result_id)
try:
os.stat(tmp_dir)
except OSError:
os.mkdir(tmp_dir)
output_dir = '%s/%s' % (tmp_dir, args.output)
cmd = args.compile_template.format(source=args.source, output=output_dir,
flags=' '.join(flags),
cc=args.cc)
compile_result = self.call_program(cmd, limit=args.compile_limit,
memory_limit=args.memory_limit)
if compile_result['returncode'] != 0:
if compile_result['timeout']:
log.warning("gcc timeout")
return self.compile_results['timeout']
else:
log.warning("gcc error %s", compile_result['stderr'])
self.debug_gcc_error(flags)
return self.compile_results['error']
return self.compile_results['ok']
def run_with_flags(self, flags, limit):
return self.run_precompiled(None, None, limit,
self.compile_with_flags(flags, 0), 0)
def save_final_config(self, configuration):
"""called at the end of tuning"""
print("Best flags written to gccflags_final_config.{json,cmd}")
self.manipulator().save_to_file(configuration.data,
'gccflags_final_config.json')
with open('gccflags_final_config.cmd', 'w') as fd:
fd.write(self.make_command(configuration.data))
def flags_histogram(self, session):
counter = collections.Counter()
q = session.query(TuningRun).filter_by(state='COMPLETE')
total = q.count()
for tr in q:
print(tr.program.name)
for flag in self.cfg_to_flags(tr.final_config.data):
counter[flag] += old_div(1.0, total)
print(counter.most_common(20))
def flag_importance(self):
"""
Test the importance of each flag by measuring the performance with that
flag removed. Print out a table for paper
"""
with open(self.args.flag_importance) as fd:
best_cfg = json.load(fd)
flags = self.cfg_to_flags(best_cfg)
counter = collections.Counter()
baseline_time = self.flags_mean_time(flags)
for flag in flags[1:]:
delta_flags = [f for f in flags if f != flag]
flag_time = self.flags_mean_time(delta_flags)
impact = max(0.0, flag_time - baseline_time)
if math.isinf(impact):
impact = 0.0
counter[flag] = impact
print(flag, '{:.4f}'.format(impact))
total_impact = sum(counter.values())
remaining_impact = total_impact
print(r'\bf Flag & \bf Importance \\\hline')
for flag, impact in counter.most_common(20):
print(r'{} & {:.1f}\% \\\hline'.format(flag, 100.0 * impact / total_impact))
remaining_impact -= impact
print(r'{} other flags & {:.1f}% \\\hline'.format(
len(flags) - 20, 100.0 * remaining_impact / total_impact))
def flags_mean_time(self, flags, trials=10):
precompiled = self.compile_with_flags(flags, 0)
total = 0.0
for _ in range(trials):
total += self.run_precompiled(None, None, None, precompiled, 0).time
return old_div(total, trials)
def prefix_hook(self, session):
if self.args.flags_histogram:
self.flags_histogram(session)
sys.exit(0)
if self.args.flag_importance:
self.flag_importance()
sys.exit(0)
def invert_gcc_flag(flag):
assert flag[:2] == '-f'
if flag[2:5] != 'no-':
return '-fno-' + flag[2:]
return '-f' + flag[5:]
if __name__ == '__main__':
opentuner.init_logging()
args = argparser.parse_args()
GccFlagsTuner.main(args)
想要显示importance
直接执行时显示 expected str, bytes or os.PathLike object, not NoneType
观察代码，重写了prefix_hook接口，接口里处理了importance
这是正确答案
#!/usr/bin/env python
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function
from builtins import map
from builtins import filter
from builtins import range
from past.utils import old_div
import math
import argparse
import ast
import collections
import json
import logging
import opentuner
import os
import random
import re
import shutil
import subprocess
import sys
from opentuner.resultsdb.models import Result, TuningRun
from opentuner.search import manipulator
FLAGS_WORKING_CACHE_FILE = 'cc_flags.json'
PARAMS_DEFAULTS_CACHE_FILE = 'cc_param_defaults.json'
PARAMS_DEF_PATH = '~/gcc-4.9.0/gcc/params.def'
PARAMS_WORKING_CACHE_FILE = 'cc_params.json'
log = logging.getLogger('gccflags')
argparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(parents=opentuner.argparsers())
argparser.add_argument('source',help='source file to compile')
argparser.add_argument('--compile-template',
default='{cc} {source} -o {output} -lpthread {flags}',
help='command to compile {source} into {output} with'
' {flags}')
argparser.add_argument('--compile-limit', type=float, default=30,
help='kill gcc if it runs more than {default} sec')
argparser.add_argument('--scaler', type=int, default=4,
help='by what factor to try increasing parameters')
argparser.add_argument('--cc', default='g++', help='g++ or gcc')
argparser.add_argument('--output', default='./tmp.bin',
help='temporary file for compiler to write to')
argparser.add_argument('--debug', action='store_true',
help='on gcc errors try to find minimal set '
'of args to reproduce error')
argparser.add_argument('--force-killall', action='store_true',
help='killall cc1plus before each collection')
argparser.add_argument('--memory-limit', default=1024 ** 3, type=int,
help='memory limit for child process')
argparser.add_argument('--no-cached-flags', action='store_true',
help='regenerate the lists of legal flags each time')
argparser.add_argument('--flags-histogram', action='store_true',
help='print out a histogram of flags')
argparser.add_argument('--flag-importance',
help='Test the importance of different flags from a '
'given json file.')
class GccFlagsTuner(opentuner.measurement.MeasurementInterface):
def __init__(self, *pargs, **kwargs):
super(GccFlagsTuner, self).__init__(program_name=args.source, *pargs,
**kwargs)
#self.flags_histogram()
self.gcc_version =self.extract_gcc_version()
self.cc_flags = self.extract_working_flags()
self.cc_param_defaults = self.extract_param_defaults()
#print(self.cc_param_defaults)
self.cc_params = self.extract_working_params()
# these bugs are hardcoded for now
# sets of options which causes gcc to barf
if True:
# These bugs were for gcc 4.7 on ubuntu
self.cc_bugs = (['-fipa-matrix-reorg', '-fwhole-program'],
['-fno-tree-coalesce-inlined-vars'],
['-fno-inline-atomics'],
['-ftoplevel-reorder', '-fno-unit-at-a-time'])
else:
# Bugs for gcc 4.9 (work in progress, incomplete list)
self.cc_bugs = (['-ftoplevel-reorder', '-fno-unit-at-a-time'],)
self.result_list = {}
self.parallel_compile = True
try:
os.stat('./tmp')
except OSError:
os.mkdir('./tmp')
self.run_baselines()
def run_baselines(self):
log.info("baseline perfs -O0=%.4f -O1=%.4f -O2=%.4f -O3=%.4f",
*[self.run_with_flags(['-O%d' % i], None).time
for i in range(4)])
def extract_gcc_version(self):
m = re.search(r'([0-9]+)[.]([0-9]+)[.]([0-9]+)', (subprocess.check_output([
self.args.cc, '--version'])).decode('utf-8'))
if m:
gcc_version = tuple(map(int, m.group(1, 2, 3)))
else:
gcc_version = None
log.debug('gcc version %s', gcc_version)
return gcc_version
def extract_working_flags(self):
"""
Figure out which gcc flags work (don't cause gcc to barf) by running
each one.
"""
if os.path.isfile(FLAGS_WORKING_CACHE_FILE) and not args.no_cached_flags:
# use cached version
found_cc_flags = json.load(open(FLAGS_WORKING_CACHE_FILE))
ans=found_cc_flags
else:
# extract flags from --help=optimizers
optimizers, err = subprocess.Popen([self.args.cc, '--help=optimizers'],
stdout=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()
# print("origin")
# print(optimizers)
found_cc_flags = re.findall(r'^ (-f[a-z0-9-]+) ', optimizers.decode('utf-8'),
re.MULTILINE)
log.info('Determining which of %s possible gcc flags work',
len(found_cc_flags))
# b=''
# c =b.join(found_cc_flags).encode()
#found_cc_flags = list(filter(self.check_if_flag_works, found_cc_flags))
ans=[]
t=0
for i in found_cc_flags:
t+=1
print(t)
if(self.check_if_flag_works(i)):
ans.append(i)
print(ans)
# print("what is ccflag")
# print(found_cc_flags)
json.dump(ans, open(FLAGS_WORKING_CACHE_FILE, 'w'))
return ans
def extract_param_defaults(self):
"""
Get the default, minimum, and maximum for each gcc parameter.
Requires source code for gcc to be in your home directory.
This example ships with a cached version so it does not require source.
"""
if os.path.isfile(PARAMS_DEFAULTS_CACHE_FILE) and not args.no_cached_flags:
# use cached version
param_defaults = json.load(open(PARAMS_DEFAULTS_CACHE_FILE))
else:
# default values of params need to be extracted from source code,
# since they are not in --help
param_defaults = dict()
params_def = open(os.path.expanduser(PARAMS_DEF_PATH)).read()
for m in re.finditer(r'DEFPARAM *\((([^")]|"[^"]*")*)\)', params_def):
param_def_str = (m.group(1)
# Hacks!!!
.replace('GGC_MIN_EXPAND_DEFAULT', '30')
.replace('GGC_MIN_HEAPSIZE_DEFAULT', '4096')
.replace('50 * 1024 * 1024', '52428800'))
try:
name, desc, default, param_min, param_max = ast.literal_eval(
'[' + param_def_str.split(',', 1)[1] + ']')
param_defaults[name] = {'default': default,
'min': param_min,
'max': param_max}
except:
log.exception("error with %s", param_def_str)
json.dump(param_defaults, open(PARAMS_DEFAULTS_CACHE_FILE, 'w'))
return param_defaults
def extract_working_params(self):
"""
Figure out which gcc params work (don't cause gcc to barf) by running
each one to test.
"""
params, err = subprocess.Popen(
[self.args.cc, '--help=params'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()
all_params = re.findall(r'^ ([a-z0-9-]+) ', params.decode('utf-8'), re.MULTILINE)
all_params = sorted(set(all_params) &
set(self.cc_param_defaults.keys()))
if os.path.isfile(PARAMS_WORKING_CACHE_FILE) and not args.no_cached_flags:
# use cached version
return json.load(open(PARAMS_WORKING_CACHE_FILE))
else:
log.info('Determining which of %s possible gcc params work',
len(all_params))
working_params = []
for param in all_params:
if self.check_if_flag_works('--param={}={}'.format(
param.encode(), self.cc_param_defaults[param]['default'])):
working_params.append(param)
json.dump(working_params, open(PARAMS_WORKING_CACHE_FILE, 'w'))
return working_params
def check_if_flag_works(self, flag, try_inverted=True):
#flag=flag.encode()
cmd = args.compile_template.format(source=args.source, output=args.output,
flags=flag, cc=args.cc)
compile_result = self.call_program(cmd, limit=args.compile_limit)
#print(compile_result['stderr'])
if compile_result['returncode'] != 0:
log.warning("removing flag %s because it results in compile error", flag)
return False
if(b''!=compile_result['stderr']): #证明有waring出现
return False
# if b'warning: this target' in compile_result['stderr']:
# log.warning("removing flag %s because not supported by target", flag) #%s的乱码
# return False
# if b'has been renamed' in compile_result['stderr']:
# log.warning("removing flag %s because renamed", flag) #%s的乱码
# return False
if try_inverted and flag[:2] == '-f':
if not self.check_if_flag_works(invert_gcc_flag(flag),
try_inverted=False):
log.warning("Odd... %s works but %s does not", flag,
invert_gcc_flag(flag))
return False
return True
def manipulator(self):
m = manipulator.ConfigurationManipulator()
m.add_parameter(manipulator.IntegerParameter('-O', 0, 3))
for flag in self.cc_flags:
m.add_parameter(manipulator.EnumParameter(flag, ['on', 'off', 'default']))
for param in self.cc_params:
defaults = self.cc_param_defaults[param]
if defaults['max'] <= defaults['min']:
defaults['max'] = float('inf')
defaults['max'] = min(defaults['max'],
max(1, defaults['default']) * args.scaler)
defaults['min'] = max(defaults['min'],
old_div(max(1, defaults['default']), args.scaler))
if param == 'l1-cache-line-size':
# gcc requires this to be a power of two or it internal errors
m.add_parameter(manipulator.PowerOfTwoParameter(param, 4, 256))
elif defaults['max'] > 128:
m.add_parameter(manipulator.LogIntegerParameter(
param, defaults['min'], defaults['max']))
else:
m.add_parameter(manipulator.IntegerParameter(
param, defaults['min'], defaults['max']))
return m
def cfg_to_flags(self, cfg):
flags = ['-O%d' % cfg['-O']]
for flag in self.cc_flags:
if cfg[flag] == 'on':
flags.append(flag)
elif cfg[flag] == 'off':
flags.append(invert_gcc_flag(flag))
for param in self.cc_params:
flags.append('--param=%s=%d' % (param, cfg[param]))
# workaround sets of flags that trigger compiler crashes/hangs
for bugset in self.cc_bugs:
if len(set(bugset) & set(flags)) == len(bugset):
flags.remove(bugset[-1])
return flags
def make_command(self, cfg):
return args.compile_template.format(source=args.source, output=args.output,
flags=' '.join(self.cfg_to_flags(cfg)),
cc=args.cc)
def get_tmpdir(self, result_id):
return './tmp/%d' % result_id
def cleanup(self, result_id):
tmp_dir = self.get_tmpdir(result_id)
shutil.rmtree(tmp_dir)
def compile_and_run(self, desired_result, input, limit):
cfg = desired_result.configuration.data
compile_result = self.compile(cfg, 0)
return self.run_precompiled(desired_result, input, limit, compile_result, 0)
compile_results = {'ok': 0, 'timeout': 1, 'error': 2}
def run_precompiled(self, desired_result, input, limit, compile_result,
result_id):
if self.args.force_killall:
os.system('killall -9 cc1plus 2>/dev/null')
# Make sure compile was successful
if compile_result == self.compile_results['timeout']:
return Result(state='TIMEOUT', time=float('inf'))
elif compile_result == self.compile_results['error']:
return Result(state='ERROR', time=float('inf'))
tmp_dir = self.get_tmpdir(result_id)
output_dir = '%s/%s' % (tmp_dir, args.output)
try:
run_result = self.call_program([output_dir], limit=limit,
memory_limit=args.memory_limit)
except OSError:
return Result(state='ERROR', time=float('inf'))
if run_result['returncode'] != 0:
if run_result['timeout']:
return Result(state='TIMEOUT', time=float('inf'))
else:
log.error('program error')
return Result(state='ERROR', time=float('inf'))
return Result(time=run_result['time'])
def debug_gcc_error(self, flags):
def fails(subflags):
cmd = args.compile_template.format(source=args.source, output=args.output,
flags=' '.join(subflags),
cc=args.cc)
compile_result = self.call_program(cmd, limit=args.compile_limit)
return compile_result['returncode'] != 0
if self.args.debug:
while len(flags) > 8:
log.error("compile error with %d flags, diagnosing...", len(flags))
tmpflags = [x for x in flags if random.choice((True, False))]
if fails(tmpflags):
flags = tmpflags
# linear scan
minimal_flags = []
for i in range(len(flags)):
tmpflags = minimal_flags + flags[i + 1:]
if not fails(tmpflags):
minimal_flags.append(flags[i])
log.error("compiler crashes/hangs with flags: %s", minimal_flags)
def compile(self, config_data, result_id):
flags = self.cfg_to_flags(config_data)
return self.compile_with_flags(flags, result_id)
def compile_with_flags(self, flags, result_id):
tmp_dir = self.get_tmpdir(result_id)
try:
os.stat(tmp_dir)
except OSError:
os.mkdir(tmp_dir)
output_dir = '%s/%s' % (tmp_dir, args.output)
cmd = args.compile_template.format(source=args.source, output=output_dir,
flags=' '.join(flags),
cc=args.cc)
compile_result = self.call_program(cmd, limit=args.compile_limit,
memory_limit=args.memory_limit)
if compile_result['returncode'] != 0:
if compile_result['timeout']:
log.warning("gcc timeout")
return self.compile_results['timeout']
else:
log.warning("gcc error %s", compile_result['stderr'])
self.debug_gcc_error(flags)
return self.compile_results['error']
return self.compile_results['ok']
def run_with_flags(self, flags, limit):
return self.run_precompiled(None, None, limit,
self.compile_with_flags(flags, 0), 0)
def save_final_config(self, configuration):
"""called at the end of tuning"""
print("Best flags written to gccflags_final_config.{json,cmd}")
self.manipulator().save_to_file(configuration.data,
'gccflags_final_config.json')
with open('gccflags_final_config.cmd', 'w') as fd:
fd.write(self.make_command(configuration.data))
def flags_histogram(self, session):
counter = collections.Counter()
q = session.query(TuningRun).filter_by(state='COMPLETE')
total = q.count()
print("begin")
for tr in q:
print(tr.program.name)
for flag in self.cfg_to_flags(tr.final_config.data):
counter[flag] += old_div(1.0, total)
print(counter.most_common(20))
print("over")
def flag_importance(self):
"""
Test the importance of each flag by measuring the performance with that
flag removed. Print out a table for paper
"""
print("hello world2")
#with open(self.args.flag_importance) as fd:
#flags = self.cfg_to_flags(best_cfg)
flags=self.cc_flags
#print(flags)
print("print over")
counter = collections.Counter()
baseline_time = self.flags_mean_time(flags)
for flag in flags[1:]:
delta_flags = [f for f in flags if f != flag]
flag_time = self.flags_mean_time(delta_flags)
impact = max(0.0, flag_time - baseline_time)
if math.isinf(impact):
impact = 0.0
counter[flag] = impact
#print(flag, '{:.4f}'.format(impact))
total_impact = sum(counter.values())
print("totalimpaci is %d",total_impact)
remaining_impact = total_impact
print(r'\bf Flag & \bf Importance \\\hline')
for flag, impact in counter.most_common(20):
print(r'{} & {:.1f}\% \\\hline'.format(flag, 100.0 * impact / total_impact))
remaining_impact -= impact
print(r'{} other flags & {:.1f}% \\\hline'.format(
len(flags) - 20, 100.0 * remaining_impact / total_impact))
def flags_mean_time(self, flags, trials=10):
precompiled = self.compile_with_flags(flags, 0)
total = 0.0
for _ in range(trials):
total += self.run_precompiled(None, None, None, precompiled, 0).time
return old_div(total, trials)
def prefix_hook(self, session):
#print(self.args.flags_histogram)
print("here")
if self.args.flags_histogram:
print("coming")
self.flags_histogram(session)
print("over")
sys.exit(0)
if self.args.flag_importance:
print("cominging")
self.flag_importance()
sys.exit(0)
def invert_gcc_flag(flag):
assert flag[:2] == '-f'
if flag[2:5] != 'no-':
return '-fno-' + flag[2:]
return '-f' + flag[5:]
if __name__ == '__main__':
opentuner.init_logging()
args = argparser.parse_args()
#args.flag_importance='gccflags_final_config.json' #true或fause
#args.flags_histogram=True
#args.flag_importance=log
GccFlagsTuner.main(args)
ray
图表中是中位数
ray优化后的结果
图表
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mat
图表
重要性
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tsp
图表
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example2 hpl
搭建实验平台
GotoBLAS2、MPICH、HPL
安装成功
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