保姆级——Java调用百度OCR实现身份证识别

具体实现功能和参数，可以看百度的API开发文档：https://ai.baidu.com/ai-doc/OCR/rk3h7xzck

其实我是看不懂API文档的

文章中的请求参数

调用百度的OCR需要做的准备工作

先注册一个百度智能云账号：然后在首页，选择创建应用 

创建完成之后在应用列表就可以找到你刚创建的应用，就可以获取到你需要用到的APPID、API_KEY 、SECRET_KEY 

 然后你可以在首页免费领取你需要用到的资源

 

接下来就是实现

有两种实现

1.通用OCR文字识别

这种OCR只能按照识别图片中的文字，且是按照行识别返回结果，精度较低

有点类似于word文档的导入

首先引入需要的依赖包

    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.baidu.aip</groupId>
        <artifactId>java-sdk</artifactId>
        <version>4.6.0</version>
    </dependency>

实现工具类

import java.util.HashMap;
import com.baidu.aip.ocr.AipOcr;
import org.json.JSONObject;

/**
 * @author sun  通用OCR文字识别
 * @date 2022-11-11 20:10
 * @Decsription: com.ocr.util
 * @version: 1.0
 */
public class OcrApi {
    private static final String APP_ID = "";
    private static final String API_KEY = "";
    private static final String SECRET_KEY = "";

    private static AipOcr getAipClient() {
        return getAipClient(API_KEY, SECRET_KEY);
    }

    public static AipOcr getAipClient(String apiKey, String secretKey) {
        AipOcr client = new AipOcr(APP_ID, apiKey, secretKey);
        // 可选：设置网络连接参数
        client.setConnectionTimeoutInMillis(2000);
        client.setSocketTimeoutInMillis(60000);
        return client;
    }

    public static String result(AipOcr client) {
        // 传入可选参数调用接口
        HashMap<String, String> options = new HashMap<>();
        options.put("language_type", "CHN_ENG");
        options.put("detect_direction", "true");
        options.put("detect_language", "true");
        options.put("probability", "true");

        JSONObject res = client.basicGeneralUrl(
                "图片路径", options);
        return res.toString(2);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(result(getAipClient()));
    }
}

2.高精度OCR识别身份证信息 

这种就比较高精度，且按照分类显示，返回数据更友好，高可用。

1、准备pom文件

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
            <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
            <version>4.5.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.28</version>
        </dependency>

2.获取Access_token
由于Access_token会过期,为了更好的实现需求，我们每次都获取最新的Access_token，获取的方式也非常的简单。

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.json.JSONObject;

public class AccessTokenUtils {
    private static String APIKEY = "";

    private static String SecretKEY = "";

    // 获取Token路径
    private static String PATH = "https://aip.baidubce.com/oauth/2.0/token?";

    public static String getAuth() {
        // 获取token地址
        String getAccessTokenUrl = PATH
                // 1. grant_type为固定参数
                + "grant_type=client_credentials"
                // 2. 官网获取的 API Key
                + "&client_id=" + APIKEY
                // 3. 官网获取的 Secret Key
                + "&client_secret=" + SecretKEY;
        try {
            URL realUrl = new URL(getAccessTokenUrl);
            // 打开和URL之间的连接
            HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) realUrl.openConnection();
            connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
            connection.connect();
            // 获取所有响应头字段
            Map<String, List<String>> map = connection.getHeaderFields();

            // 定义 BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应
            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()));
            String result = "";
            String line;
            while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
                result += line;
            }

            JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(result);
            String access_token = jsonObject.getString("access_token");
            return access_token;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.printf("获取token失败！");
            e.printStackTrace(System.err);
        }
        return null;
    }
}

3.本地上传需要将图片转为Base64码，Url图片可以直接传网络地址

该方法只能传本地图片，oss的图片路径无法使用

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;

public class BaseImg64Utils {
    /**
     * 将一张本地图片转化成Base64字符串
     * @param imgPath 本地图片地址
     * @return 图片转化base64后再UrlEncode结果
     */
    public static String getImageStrFromPath(String imgPath) {
        InputStream in = null;
        byte[] data = null;
        // 读取图片字节数组
        try {
            in = new FileInputStream(imgPath);
            data = new byte[in.available()];
            in.read(data);
            in.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        // 对字节数组Base64编码
        BASE64Encoder encoder = new BASE64Encoder();
        // 返回Base64编码过的字节数组字符串
        return encoder.encode(data).replaceAll("\r\n", "").replaceAll("\\+", "%2B");
    }
}

4.调用API接口的方法，获取识别结果

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;


public class XszOcrUtils {
    private static final String POST_URL = "https://aip.baidubce.com/rest/2.0/ocr/v1/idcard?access_token="+ AccessTokenUtils.getAuth();

    //必传参数：id_card_side=frontfront：身份证含照片的一面 -back：身份证带国徽的一面  自动检测身份证正反面，如果传参指定方向与图片相反，支持正常识别，返回参数image_status字段为"reversed_side"
    /**
     * 识别本地图片的文字
     *
     * @param path 本地图片地址
     * @return 识别结果，为json格式
     * @throws URISyntaxException URI打开异常
     * @throws IOException        io流异常
     */
    public static String checkFile(String path) throws URISyntaxException, IOException {
        File file = new File(path);
        if (!file.exists()) {
            throw new NullPointerException("图片不存在");
        }
        String image = BaseImg64Utils.getImageStrFromPath(path);
        String param = "image=" + image + "&id_card_side=front";
        return post(param);
    }

    /**
     * @param url 图片url
     * @return 识别结果，为json格式
     */
    public static String checkUrl(String url) throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
        String param = "url=" + url;
        return post(param);
    }


    /**
     * 通过传递参数：url和image进行文字识别
     *
     * @param param 区分是url还是image识别
     * @return 识别结果
     * @throws URISyntaxException URI打开异常
     * @throws IOException        IO流异常
     */
    private static String post(String param) throws URISyntaxException, IOException {
        // 开始搭建post请求
        HttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
        HttpPost post = new HttpPost();
        URI url = new URI(POST_URL);
        post.setURI(url);
        // 设置请求头，请求头必须为application/x-www-form-urlencoded，因为是传递一个很长的字符串，不能分段发送
        post.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
        StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(param);
        post.setEntity(entity);
        HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);
        if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
            String str;
            try {
                /* 读取服务器返回过来的json字符串数据 */
                str = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
                return str;
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                return null;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws URISyntaxException, IOException {
        String checkFile = checkFile("E:\\tmp_40d75be6049049f841cbbee213743430d699596c8c08ae47ac76a60f36de6189.jpeg");
        System.out.println("========" + checkFile);
    }

5.识别结果（正面）

{
    "log_id": 2648325511,
    "direction": 0,
    "image_status": "normal",
    "photo": "/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABA......",
    "photo_location": {
        "width": 1189,
        "top": 638,
        "left": 2248,
        "height": 1483
    },
    "card_image": "/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABA......",
    "card_location": {
        "top": 328,
        "left": 275,
        "width": 1329,
        "height": 571
    },
    "words_result": {
        "住址": {
            "location": {
                "left": 267,
                "top": 453,
                "width": 459,
                "height": 99
            },
            "words": "南京市江宁区弘景大道3889号"
        },
        "公民身份号码": {
            "location": {
                "left": 443,
                "top": 681,
                "width": 589,
                "height": 45
            },
            "words": "330881199904173914"
        },
        "出生": {
            "location": {
                "left": 270,
                "top": 355,
                "width": 357,
                "height": 45
            },
            "words": "19990417"
        },
        "姓名": {
            "location": {
                "left": 267,
                "top": 176,
                "width": 152,
                "height": 50
            },
            "words": "伍云龙"
        },
        "性别": {
            "location": {
                "left": 269,
                "top": 262,
                "width": 33,
                "height": 52
            },
            "words": "男"
        },
        "民族": {
            "location": {
                "left": 492,
                "top": 279,
                "width": 30,
                "height": 37
            },
            "words": "汉"
        }
    },
    "words_result_num": 6
}

反面

{
    "words_result": {
        "失效日期": {
            "words": "20390711",
            "location": {
                "top": 445,
                "left": 523,
                "width": 153,
                "height": 38
            }
        },
        "签发机关": {
            "words": "陆丰市公安局",
            "location": {
                "top": 377,
                "left": 339,
                "width": 195,
                "height": 38
            }
        },
        "签发日期": {
            "words": "20190606",
            "location": {
                "top": 445,
                "left": 343,
                "width": 152,
                "height": 38
            }
        }
    },
    "log_id": "1559208562721579328",
    "words_result_num": 3,
    "error_code": 0,
    "image_status": "normal"
}