Mnist手写数字识别

简介

MNIST可以说是机器学习入门的hello word了！导师一般第一个就让你研究MNIST，研究透了，也算基本入门了。好的，今天就来扯一扯学一学。

说明：MNIST包含70,000张手写数字图像: 60,000张用于培训，10,000张用于测试。图像是灰度的，28x28像素的，并且居中的，以减少预处理和加快运行。

 在本文中，我们将使用tf训练一个卷积神经网络来识别MNIST的手写数字。

项目预览

前20张图片预测结果为：

7,2,1,0,4,

1,4,9,5,9,

0,6,9,0,1,

5,9,7,3,4,

预测结果

 

 项目源码

import os
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow import keras
from tensorflow.keras import layers, optimizers, datasets
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

(x_train_raw, y_train_raw), (x_test_raw, y_test_raw) = datasets.mnist.load_data() 

#print(y_train_raw[0])
#print(x_train_raw.shape, y_train_raw.shape)
#print(x_test_raw.shape, y_test_raw.shape)

#将分类标签变为onehot编码
num_classes = 10
y_train = keras.utils.to_categorical(y_train_raw, num_classes)
y_test = keras.utils.to_categorical(y_test_raw, num_classes)
print(x_train_raw[0])
print(y_train[0])
#plt.figure()
#for i in range(9):
#    plt.subplot(3,3,i+1)
#    plt.imshow(x_train_raw[i])
#    #plt.ylabel(y[i].numpy())
#    plt.axis('off')
#plt.show()
##展开为784*1向量
x_train = x_train_raw.reshape(60000, 784)
x_test = x_test_raw.reshape(10000, 784)
##归一化
x_train = x_train.astype('float32')/255
x_test = x_test.astype('float32')/255
model = keras.Sequential([ 
    layers.Dense(512, activation='relu', input_dim = 784),
    layers.Dense(256, activation='relu'),
    layers.Dense(124, activation='relu'),
layers.Dense(num_classes, activation='softmax')])
model.summary()
Optimizer = optimizers.Adam(0.001)
model.compile(loss=keras.losses.categorical_crossentropy,
              optimizer=Optimizer,
              metrics=['accuracy'])
model.fit(x_train, y_train,
          batch_size=128,
          epochs=10,
          verbose=1)
#输入数据和标签,输出损失和精确度.
score = model.evaluate(x_test, y_test, verbose=0)
print('Test loss:', score[0])
print('Test accuracy:', score[1])
model.save('./mnist_model/final_DNN_model.h5')





model=keras.Sequential() # 创建网络序列
## 添加第一层卷积层和池化层
model.add(keras.layers.Conv2D(filters=32,kernel_size = 5,strides = (1,1),
                              padding = 'same',activation = tf.nn.relu,input_shape = (28,28,1)))
model.add(keras.layers.MaxPool2D(pool_size=(2,2), strides = (2,2), padding = 'valid'))
## 添加第二层卷积层和池化层
model.add(keras.layers.Conv2D(filters=64,kernel_size = 3,strides = (1,1),padding = 'same',activation = tf.nn.relu))
model.add(keras.layers.MaxPool2D(pool_size=(2,2), strides = (2,2), padding = 'valid'))
## 添加dropout层 以减少过拟合
model.add(keras.layers.Dropout(0.25))
model.add(keras.layers.Flatten())
## 添加两层全连接层
model.add(keras.layers.Dense(units=128,activation = tf.nn.relu))
model.add(keras.layers.Dropout(0.5))
model.add(keras.layers.Dense(units=10,activation = tf.nn.softmax))

# 将数据扩充维度，以适应CNN模型
X_train=x_train.reshape(60000,28,28,1)
X_test=x_test.reshape(10000,28,28,1)
model.compile(optimizer='adam',loss="categorical_crossentropy",metrics=['accuracy']) 
model.fit(x=X_train,y=y_train,epochs=5,batch_size=128)
test_loss,test_acc=model.evaluate(x=X_test,y=y_test)
print("Test Accuracy %.2f"%test_acc)
model.save('./mnist_model/final_CNN_model.h5')
from tensorflow.keras.models import load_model
new_model = load_model('./mnist_model/final_CNN_model.h5')
new_model.summary()


import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def res_Visual(n):
    final_opt_a=new_model.predict_classes(X_test[0:n])# 通过模型预测测试集
    fig, ax = plt.subplots(nrows=int(n/5),ncols=5 )
    ax = ax.flatten()
    print('前{}张图片预测结果为：'.format(n))
    for i in range(n):
        print(final_opt_a[i],end=',')
        if int((i+1)%5) ==0:
            print('\t')
        #图片可视化展示
        img = X_test[i].reshape((28,28))#读取每行数据，格式为Ndarry
        plt.axis("off")
        ax[i].imshow(img, cmap='Greys', interpolation='nearest')#可视化
        ax[i].axis("off")

    print('测试集前{}张图片为：'.format(n))
    plt.show()
res_Visual(20)