声明式事务
从之前的事务控制的代码中可以看出,是有规律可循,代码的结构基本是确定的,所以框架就可以将固定模式的代码抽取出来,进行相关的封装。
封装起来后,我们只需要在配置文件中进行简单的配置即可完成操作。
- 好处1:提高开发效率
- 好处2:消除了冗余的代码
- 好处3:框架会综合考虑相关领域中在实际开发环境下有可能遇到的各种问题,进行了健壮性、性 能等各个方面的优化
所以,我们可以总结下面两个概念:
- 编程式:自己写代码实现功能
- 声明式:通过配置让框架实现功能
基于注解的声明式事务
添加驱动依赖
<dependencies>
<!-- 基于Maven依赖传递性,导入spring-context依赖即可导入当前所需所有jar包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring 持久化层支持jar包 -->
<!-- Spring 在执行持久化层操作、与持久化层技术进行整合过程中,需要使用orm、jdbc、tx三个jar包 -->
<!-- 导入 orm 包就可以通过 Maven 的依赖传递性把其他两个也导入 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>5.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring 测试相关 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>5.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- junit测试 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- MySQL驱动 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.31</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 数据源 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.0.31</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 添加lombok驱动-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.16</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
创建jdbc.properties
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm?serverTime=UTC
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root
配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 引入jdbc.properties-->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"></context:property-placeholder>
<!--配置德鲁伊-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"></property>
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
创建数据库表
--Table structure for t_book
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_book`;
CREATE TABLE `t_book` (
`book_id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键',
`book_name` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb3 COLLATE utf8mb3_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '图书名称',
`price` int NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '价格',
`stock` int UNSIGNED NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '库存(无符号)',
PRIMARY KEY (`book_id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 3 CHARACTER SET = utf8mb3 COLLATE = utf8mb3_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of t_book
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `t_book` VALUES (1, '斗破苍\r\n穹', 80, 98);
INSERT INTO `t_book` VALUES (2, '斗罗大陆', 50, 99);
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;
-- Table structure for t_user
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_user`;
CREATE TABLE `t_user` (
`user_id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键',
`username` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb3 COLLATE utf8mb3_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户名',
`balance` int UNSIGNED NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '余额(无符号)',
PRIMARY KEY (`user_id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 2 CHARACTER SET = utf8mb3 COLLATE = utf8mb3_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of t_user
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `t_user` VALUES (1, 'admin', 20);
INSERT INTO `t_user` VALUES (2, '二哈', 9950);
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;
创建测试代码
BookController
package com.hyh.spring.controller;
import com.hyh.spring.service.BookService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
/**
* @version 1.0
* @BelongsProject:IntelliJ IDEA
* @BelongsPackage:com.hyh.spring.controller
* @Author:hyhWTX
* @ClassName:BookController
* @CreateTime:2022年-12月-31日 21:49
* @Description: TODO (一句话描述以下该类的功能)
*/
@Controller
public class BookController {
@Autowired
private BookService bookService;
public void buyBook(Integer userId,Integer bookId ){
bookService.buyBook(userId,bookId);
}
}
BookDao
package com.hyh.spring.dao;
/**
* @version 1.0
* @BelongsProject:IntelliJ IDEA
* @BelongsPackage:com.hyh.spring.dao
* @Author:hyhWTX
* @ClassName:BookDao
* @CreateTime:2022年-12月-31日 21:50
* @Description: TODO (一句话描述以下该类的功能)
*/
public interface BookDao {
/**
* @Description:根据图书ID查询图书价格
* @param bookId
* @return Integer
*/
Integer getPriceByBookId(Integer bookId);
/**
* @Description:更新图书的库存
* @param bookId
*/
void updateStock(Integer bookId);
/**
* @Description:更新用户的余额
* @param userId
* @param price
*/
void updateBalance(Integer userId, Integer price);
}
BookDaoImpl
package com.hyh.spring.dao.impl;
import com.hyh.spring.dao.BookDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
/**
* @version 1.0
* @BelongsProject:IntelliJ IDEA
* @BelongsPackage:com.hyh.spring.dao.impl
* @Author:hyhWTX
* @ClassName:BookDaoImpl
* @CreateTime:2022年-12月-31日 21:50
* @Description: TODO (一句话描述以下该类的功能)
*/
@Repository
public class BookDaoImpl implements BookDao {
@Autowired
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
@Override
public Integer getPriceByBookId(Integer bookId) {
String sql ="select price from t_book where book_id = ?";
return jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql,Integer.class,bookId);
}
@Override
public void updateStock(Integer bookId) {
String sql = "update t_book set stock = stock-1 where book_id = ?";
jdbcTemplate.update(sql,bookId);
}
@Override
public void updateBalance(Integer userId, Integer price) {
String sql = "update t_user set balance = balance -? where user_id = ?";
jdbcTemplate.update(sql,price,userId);
}
}
User
package com.hyh.spring.model;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
/**
* @version 1.0
* @BelongsProject:IntelliJ IDEA
* @BelongsPackage:com.hyh.spring.model
* @Author:hyhWTX
* @ClassName:User
* @CreateTime:2022年-12月-31日 18:21
* @Description: TODO (一句话描述以下该类的功能)
*/
//@Data:注解是lombok中的注解,用于针对属性自动生成set和get方法、无参数的构造方法、toString、equals、hashcode
@Data
//生成带有所有参数的构造方法
@AllArgsConstructor
//生成无参数的构造方法
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User {
//用户id
private Integer id;
//用户姓名
private String username;
//用户密码
private String password;
//用户年龄
private Integer age;
//用户性别
private String gender;
//用户email
private String email;
}
BookService
package com.hyh.spring.service;
/**
* @version 1.0
* @BelongsProject:IntelliJ IDEA
* @BelongsPackage:com.hyh.spring.service
* @Author:hyhWTX
* @ClassName:BookService
* @CreateTime:2022年-12月-31日 21:49
* @Description: TODO (一句话描述以下该类的功能)
*/
public interface BookService {
/**
* @Description: 买书
* @param userId
* @param bookId
*/
void buyBook(Integer userId, Integer bookId);
}
BookSerViceImpl
package com.hyh.spring.service.impl;
import com.hyh.spring.dao.BookDao;
import com.hyh.spring.service.BookService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* @version 1.0
* @BelongsProject:IntelliJ IDEA
* @BelongsPackage:com.hyh.spring.service.impl
* @Author:hyhWTX
* @ClassName:BookSerViceImpl
* @CreateTime:2022年-12月-31日 21:49
* @Description: TODO (一句话描述以下该类的功能)
*/
@Service
@Transactional
public class BookSerViceImpl implements BookService {
@Autowired
private BookDao bookDao;
@Override
public void buyBook(Integer userId, Integer bookId) {
//查询图书的价格
Integer price = bookDao.getPriceByBookId(bookId);
//更新图书的库存,假设每次只买一本书
bookDao.updateStock(bookId);
//更新用户的余额
bookDao.updateBalance(userId,price);
}
}