解析-xpath

解析-xpath

xpath

xpath使用：
注意:提前安装xpath插件
(1) 打开chrome浏览器
(2) 点击右上角小圆点
(3)更多工具
(4) 扩展程序
(5)拖拽xpath插件到扩展程序中
(6)如果crx文件失效，需要将后缀修改zip
(7)再次拖拽
(8) 关闭浏览器重新打开
(9) ctrl + shift + x
(10) 出现小黑框

1.安装xml库
	pip install lxml -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple
2.导入1xml.etree
	from lxml import etree
3.etree .parse()  解析本地文件
	html_tree = etree.parse( 'xx.html')
4.etree .HTML()   服务器响应文件
	html_tree = etree.HTML(response.read().decode( 'utf-8')
5.html_tree.xpath(xpath路径)

xpath基本语法:
1.路径查询
	//: 查找所有子孙节点，不考虑层级关系
	/ : 找直接子节点
2.谓词查询
	//div[@id]
	//div[@id="maincontent"]
3.属性查询
	//@class
4.模糊查询
	//div[contains(@id,"he")]
	//div[starts-with(@id,"he")]
5.内容查询
	//div/h1/text()
6.逻辑运算
    //div[@id="head" and @class="s down"]
    //title ! //price

from lxml import etree

# xpath解析本地文件
tree = etree.parse('spider_解析_xpath的基本使用.html')

# tree.xpath('xpath路径')

# 查找ul下面的li
# li_list = tree.xpath('//body/ul/li/text()')

# 查找所有有id属性的li标签
# text()获取标签中的内容
# li_list = tree.xpath('//ul/li[@id]/text()')

# 查找id为1的li标签  注意引号问题
# li_list = tree.xpath('//ul/li[@id="l1"]/text()')

# 查找id为l1的li标签的class的属性值
# li = tree.xpath('//ul/li[@id="l1"]/@class')

# 查找id中包含l的li标签
# li_list = tree.xpath('//ul/li[contains(@id, "l")]/text()')

# 查找id的值以l开头的li标签
# li_list = tree.xpath('//ul/li[starts-with(@id, "l")]/text()')

# 查找id为l1和class为c1的li标签
# li_list = tree.xpath('//ul/li[@id="l1" and @class="c1"]/text()')

li_list = tree.xpath('//ul/li[@id="l1"]/text() | //ul/li[@id="l2"]/text()')

# 判断列表的长度
print(li_list)
print(len(li_list))

xpath获取百度网站的百度一下四个字

import urllib.request

url = "https://www.baidu.com/"

headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'
}

request = urllib.request.Request(url=url, headers=headers)

response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)

content = response.read().decode('utf-8')

# 解析网页源码 获取想要的数据
from lxml import etree

# 解析服务器响应的文件
tree = etree.HTML(content)

# 获取想要的数据 xpath的返回值是一个列表类型的数据
result = tree.xpath('//*[@id="su"]/@value')[0]

print(result)

爬取站长素材网的风景图片

代码如下：

import urllib.request
from lxml import etree

# https://img.ivsky.com/tupian/renwutupian/ 第一页
# https://img.ivsky.com/tupian/renwutupian/index_2.html
# https://img.ivsky.com/tupian/renwutupian/index_3.html

def create_request(page):
    if page == 1:
        url = 'https://sc.chinaz.com/tupian/fengjing.html '
    else:
        url = 'https://sc.chinaz.com/tupian/fengjing_' + str(page) + '.html'

    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'
    }

    request = urllib.request.Request(url=url, headers=headers)
    return request


def get_content(request):
    response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
    content = response.read().decode('utf-8')
    return content


def download(content):
    tree = etree.HTML(content)

    name_list = tree.xpath('//div[@class="container"]//img/@alt')

    src_list = tree.xpath('//div[@class="container"]//img/@data-original')

    for i in range(len(name_list)):
        name = name_list[i]
        src = src_list[i]
        url = 'https:' + src

        urllib.request.urlretrieve(url=url, filename='./fengjing/' + name + '.png')

        
if __name__ == '__main__':
    start_page = int(input('请输入开始的页数：'))
    end_page = int(input('请输入结束的页数：'))

    for page in range(start_page, end_page+1):
        request = create_request(page)
        content = get_content(request)
        download(content)

e(start_page, end_page+1):
request = create_request(page)
content = get_content(request)
download(content)