C#委托和XML以及匿名函数和lamda表达式对比

单例模式：

只能创建一个对象：

public partial class Form2 : Form
    {
        //全局唯一的单例
        public static Form2 FrmSingle=null;

        private Form2()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        public static Form2 GetSingle()
        {
            if (FrmSingle == null)
            {
                FrmSingle = new Form2();
            }
            return FrmSingle;
        }
    }

XML：

可扩展标记语言，xml存储数据

xml严格区分大小写

创建xml文档

static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //通过代码来创建XML文档
            //1、引用命名空间
            //2、创建XML文档对象
            XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
            //3、创建第一个行描述信息，并且添加到doc文档中
            XmlDeclaration dec = doc.CreateXmlDeclaration("1.0", "utf-8", null);
            doc.AppendChild(dec);
            //4、创建根节点
            XmlElement books = doc.CreateElement("Books");
            //将根节点添加到文档中
            doc.AppendChild(books);

            //5、给根节点Books创建子节点
            XmlElement book1 = doc.CreateElement("Book");
            //将book添加到根节点
            books.AppendChild(book1);


            //6、给Book1添加子节点
            XmlElement name1 = doc.CreateElement("Name");
            name1.InnerText = "中国";
            book1.AppendChild(name1);

            XmlElement price1 = doc.CreateElement("Price");
            price1.InnerText = "10";
            book1.AppendChild(price1);

            XmlElement des1 = doc.CreateElement("Des");
            des1.InnerText = "好看";
            book1.AppendChild(des1);

            XmlElement book2 = doc.CreateElement("Book");
            books.AppendChild(book2);


            XmlElement name2 = doc.CreateElement("Name");
            name2.InnerText = "中国";
            book2.AppendChild(name2);

            XmlElement price2= doc.CreateElement("Price");
            price2.InnerText = "10";
            book2.AppendChild(price2);

            XmlElement des2 = doc.CreateElement("Des");
            des2.InnerText = "好看";
            book2.AppendChild(des2);

            doc.Save("Books.xml");
    		//成功后的路径在bin--Debug里
            Console.WriteLine("保存成功");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

创建带属性的XML文档

static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
            XmlDeclaration dec = doc.CreateXmlDeclaration("1.0", "utf-8","yes");
            doc.AppendChild(dec);

            XmlElement order = doc.CreateElement("Order");
            doc.AppendChild(order);

            XmlElement customerName = doc.CreateElement("CustomerName");
            customerName.InnerXml = "<p>我是一个p标签</p>";
            order.AppendChild(customerName);

            XmlElement customerNumber = doc.CreateElement("CustomerNumber");
            customerNumber.InnerText = "<p>我是一个p标签</p>";
            order.AppendChild(customerNumber);


            XmlElement items = doc.CreateElement("Items");
            order.AppendChild(items);

            XmlElement orderItem1 = doc.CreateElement("OrderItem");
            //给节点添加属性
            orderItem1.SetAttribute("Name", "气");
            orderItem1.SetAttribute("Count", "10");
            items.AppendChild(orderItem1);

            XmlElement orderItem2 = doc.CreateElement("OrderItem");
            //给节点添加属性
            orderItem2.SetAttribute("Name", "气");
            orderItem2.SetAttribute("Count", "10");
            items.AppendChild(orderItem2);

            XmlElement orderItem3 = doc.CreateElement("OrderItem");
            //给节点添加属性
            orderItem3.SetAttribute("Name", "气球");
            orderItem3.SetAttribute("Count", "10");
            items.AppendChild(orderItem3);

            doc.Save("Order.xml");
            Console.WriteLine("保存成功");
            Console.ReadKey();    
        }

追加xml

//追加XML文档
            XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
            XmlElement books;
            if (File.Exists("Books.xml"))
            {
                //如果文件存在 加载XML
                doc.Load("Books.xml");
                //获得文件的根节点
                books = doc.DocumentElement;
            }
            else
            {
                //如果文件不存在
                //创建第一行
                XmlDeclaration dec = doc.CreateXmlDeclaration("1.0", "utf-8", null);
                doc.AppendChild(dec);
                //创建跟节点
                books = doc.CreateElement("Books");
                doc.AppendChild(books);
            }
            //5、给根节点Books创建子节点
            XmlElement book1 = doc.CreateElement("Book");
            //将book添加到根节点
            books.AppendChild(book1);


            //6、给Book1添加子节点
            XmlElement name1 = doc.CreateElement("Name");
            name1.InnerText = "c#开发大全";
            book1.AppendChild(name1);

            XmlElement price1 = doc.CreateElement("Price");
            price1.InnerText = "110";
            book1.AppendChild(price1);

            XmlElement des1 = doc.CreateElement("Des");
            des1.InnerText = "看不懂";
            book1.AppendChild(des1);


            doc.Save("Books.xml");
            Console.WriteLine("保存成功");
            Console.ReadKey();

读取带属性的XML

//读取带属性的XML文档
            XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
            doc.Load("Order.xml");
           XmlNodeList xnl = doc.SelectNodes("/Order/Items/OrderItem");//路径是xml里面的标签

            foreach (XmlNode node in xnl)
            {
             Console.WriteLine(node.Attributes["Name"].Value);
                Console.WriteLine(node.Attributes["Count"].Value);
            }
            Console.ReadKey();

委托

将一个方法作为参数传递给另一个方法，方法的类型是委托类型

委托所指向的函数必须和委托具有相同的签名

签名就是参数和返回值

委托的理解：

 //声明一个委托指向一个函数,返回值和参数一致
    public delegate void DelSayHi(string name);
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //第一种写法
            /*DelSayHi del =new DelSayHi(SayHiEnglish);
            del("张三");
            Console.ReadKey();*/
            //第二种写法
            /*DelSayHi del = SayHiEnglish;
            del("张三");
            Console.ReadKey();*/
            //第三种写法
            Test("张三", SayHiChinese);
            Test("李四", SayHiEnglish);
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        public static void Test(string name,DelSayHi del)
        { 
            //调用
            del(name);
        }

        public static void SayHiChinese(string name)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("吃了么？" + name);
        }
        public static void SayHiEnglish(string name)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Nice to meet you" + name);
        }

匿名函数

    DelSayHi del = delegate(string name)
            {
         Console.WriteLine("你好" + name);
            };
            del("张三");
        }

        //public static void SayHi(string name,DelSayHi del)
        //{
        //    del(name);
        //}

        //public static void SayHiChinese(string name)
        //{
        //    Console.WriteLine("你好"+name);
        //}
        //public static void SayHiEnglish(string name)
        //{
        //    Console.WriteLine("Hello"+name);
        //}
    }

lamda表达式（匿名函数的简写）

//lamda表达式  => goes to
            DelSayHi del = (string name) => { Console.WriteLine("你好" + name); };
            del("张三");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        //public static void SayHi(string name,DelSayHi del)
        //{
        //    del(name);
        //}

        //public static void SayHiChinese(string name)
        //{
        //    Console.WriteLine("你好"+name);
        //}
        //public static void SayHiEnglish(string name)
        //{
        //    Console.WriteLine("Hello"+name);
        //}

匿名函数和lamda表达式对比

static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            DelOne del = () => { };// delegate() { };

            DelTwo del2 = (string name) => { };//delegate(string name) { };

            DelThree del3 = (string name) => { return name; };//delegate(string name) { return name; };


            List<int> list = new List<int>() { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };
            list.RemoveAll(n => n > 4);//括号内的也是lamda表达式
            foreach (var item in list)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item);
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

泛型委托

object需要装箱拆箱，用T替代

类型用T代替,T就是type类型的缩写

窗体传值

需要使用委托进行传值

把Form1的方法传递给Form2

Form1:

 public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Form2 frm2 = new Form2(ShowMsg);
            frm2.Show();
        }


        void ShowMsg(string str)
        {
            label1.Text = str;
        }
    }

Form2

//声明一个委托
    public delegate void DelTest(string str);
    public partial class Form2 : Form
    {
        public DelTest _del;
        public Form2(DelTest del)
        {
            this._del = del;
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            _del(textBox1.Text);
        }
    }

多播委托

委托可以指向多个函数，执行时同时执行

+=就是再绑定一个函数给委托

-=就是把绑定好的函数给删除

public delegate void DelTest();   
static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            DelTest del = T1;
            del += T2;
            del += T3;
            del+= T4;
            del -= T3;
            del -= T1;
            del();
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        public static void T1()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("我是T1");
        }
        public static void T2()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("我是T2");
        }

        public static void T3()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("我是T3");
        }
        public static void T4()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("我是T4");
        }