学习笔记==实例理解python中的类（class）

新建一个类

#create a new class
class Cola:
   formula = ['sugar','water','soda']

类的属性

Cola.formula
>>> ['sugar','water','soda']

类里的变量称为Class Atrribute（类的属性）

类的实例化

coke = Cola()

类属性引用

#两种结果一样
Cola.formula
coke.formula

实例属性

class Cola:
    formula = [‘sugar','water','soda']

coke_China = Cola()
coke_China.local_logo = '可乐'
    
print(coke_China.local_logo)

实例方法

class Cola:
    formula = ['sugar','water','soda']
    def drink(self):
        print('Full!')
 
coke = CocaCola()
coke.drink()
>>> Full!

对比一下：

class Cola:
   formula = ['sugar','water','soda']
   def drink(coke): # HEREѺ
       print('Full!')
 
coke = Cola()
coke.drink()
>>> Full!

另一个对比：

coke = Cola
coke.drink() == Cola.drink(coke)

self是实例对象的参数名，可以改，习惯用self

另一个例子：

class BuildRobot():
    def __init__(self,armcount,headcount):
        self.armcount = armcount
        self.headcount = headcount

这里def __init__(self,armcount,headcount):为类的初始化操作

armcount,headcount为BuildRoot类里面的初始属性。必要参数。

调用类里函数的方法：

class Cola:
    formula = ['sugar','water','soda']
    def drink(self,how_much):
        if how_much == 'a sip':
            print('Cool~')
        elif how_much == 'whole bottle'
            print('HaHa!')
            
ice_coke = CocaCola()
ice_coke.drink('a sip')
>>> Cool~