黑马：string容器（189~196）

1.string基本概念

本质：

string本质是c++风格的字符串，而string本质上是一个类

string和char*区别：

char*是一个指针

string是一个类，类内部封装了char*，管理这个字符串，是一个char*型的容器

特点：

string类内部封装了很多成员方法

例如：查找find，拷贝copy，删除delete替换replace，插入insert

string管理char*所分配的内存，不用担心复制越界和取值越界等，由类内部进行负责

2.string构造函数

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<deque>
#include<iterator>
#include<list>
#include<algorithm>  //标准算法头文件
#include<numeric>
#include<map>
#include<set>
#include<utility>
#include<fstream>
#include<string>


//string的构造函数

void test01() {
	string s1;  //默认构造

	const char* str = "hello world";
	string s2(str);
	cout << "s2= " << s2<<endl;

	string s3(s2);
	cout << "s3= " << s3 << endl;

	string s4(10, 'a');
	cout << "s4= " << s4 << endl;
}


int main(int argc,char**argv) {
		
	
	test01();
 
	

	system("pause");
	return  0;
}

3.string赋值操作

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<deque>
#include<iterator>
#include<list>
#include<algorithm>  //标准算法头文件
#include<numeric>
#include<map>
#include<set>
#include<utility>
#include<fstream>
#include<string>



void test01() {

	string str1;
	str1 = "hello world";
	cout << "str1= " << str1<<endl;

	string str2;
	str2 = str1;
	cout << "str2= " << str2 << endl;

	string str3;
	str3 = 'a';
	cout << "str3= " << str3 << endl;

	string str4;
	str4.assign("hello c++");
	cout << "str4= " << str4 << endl;

	string str5;
	str5.assign("hello c++", 5);
	cout << "str5= " << str5 << endl;

	string str6;
	str6.assign(str5);
	cout << "str6= " << str6 << endl;

	string str7;
	str7.assign(10, 'w');
	cout << "str7= " << str7 << endl;

}


int main(int argc,char**argv) {
		
	
	test01();
 
	

	system("pause");
	return  0;
}

4.stirng字符串拼接

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<deque>
#include<iterator>
#include<list>
#include<algorithm>  //标准算法头文件
#include<numeric>
#include<map>
#include<set>
#include<utility>
#include<fstream>
#include<string>



void test01() {

	string str1="我";
	str1 += "想去腾讯";
	cout << "str1= " << str1<<endl;

	string str2;
	str2 = str1;
	cout << "str2= " << str2 << endl;

	string str3="I";
	str3.append(" love ");
	cout << "str3= " << str3 << endl;

	str3.append("game acc", 4);
	cout << "str3= " << str3 << endl;

	str3.append(str2);
	cout << "str3= " << str3 << endl;

	str3.append(str2, 0, 6); //参数2从哪个位置开始截取，参数3是截取的字符个数
	cout << "str3= " << str3 << endl;

}


int main(int argc,char**argv) {
		
	
	test01();
 
	

	system("pause");
	return  0;
}

5.string查找和替换

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<deque>
#include<iterator>
#include<list>
#include<algorithm>  //标准算法头文件
#include<numeric>
#include<map>
#include<set>
#include<utility>
#include<fstream>
#include<string>


//1.查找
void test01() {
	string str1 = "abcdefg";
	int pos=str1.find("cd"); //find返回一个int ，用pos接收一下
	cout << "pos= " << pos << endl;  //输出2，从0开始计数，c是下标2，就返回2 如果是dc（即不存在），则返回-1


	if (pos == -1) {
		cout << "未找到字符串" << endl;
	}
	else {
		cout << "找到字符串，pos= " << pos << endl;
	}

	//rfind
	//rfind是从右往左查找 find是从左往右查找
	pos = str1.rfind("cd");
	cout << "pos= " << pos << endl;
}

//2.替换
void test02() {
	string str1 = "abcdefg";

	//从1号位置起，把3个字符替换成1111
	str1.replace(1, 3, "1111");
	cout << "str1 = " << str1 << endl;
}


int main(int argc,char**argv) {
		
	
	test01();
	test02();
	

	system("pause");
	return  0;
}

6.string字符串比较

比较方式：ASCⅡ码

=      返回0

>      返回1

<      返回-1 

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<deque>
#include<iterator>
#include<list>
#include<algorithm>  //标准算法头文件
#include<numeric>
#include<map>
#include<set>
#include<utility>
#include<fstream>
#include<string>


void test01() {
	string s1 = "hello";
	string s2 = "hello";

	if (s1.compare(s2) == 0) {
		cout << "str1=str2" << endl;
	}

	//主要比较相等，判断大小意义不大
}


int main(int argc,char**argv) {
		
	
	test01();
	

	system("pause");
	return  0;
}

7.string字符存取

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<deque>
#include<iterator>
#include<list>
#include<algorithm>  //标准算法头文件
#include<numeric>
#include<map>
#include<set>
#include<utility>
#include<fstream>
#include<string>


void test01() {
	string s1 = "hello";
	

	//1.通过[]访问单个字符
	for (int i = 0; i < s1.size(); i++) {
		cout << s1[i] << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;

	//2.通过at方式访问单个字符
	for (int i = 0; i < s1.size(); i++) {
		cout << s1.at(i) << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;

	//字符修改
	s1[0] = 'x';
	s1.at(1) = 'x';


}


int main(int argc,char**argv) {
		
	
	test01();
	

	system("pause");
	return  0;
}

8.string的插入和删除

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<deque>
#include<iterator>
#include<list>
#include<algorithm>  //标准算法头文件
#include<numeric>
#include<map>
#include<set>
#include<utility>
#include<fstream>
#include<string>


void test01() {
	string s1 = "hello";
	

	//插入
	s1.insert(1, "111"); //插入删除下标都是从0开始， 1下标对应的e，就在e之前插入
	cout << "s1= " << s1 << endl; 

	//删除
	s1.erase(1, 3);
	cout << "s1= " << s1 << endl;
}


int main(int argc,char**argv) {
		
	
	test01();
	

	system("pause");
	return  0;
}

9.string子串

从字符串中获取想要的字串

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<deque>
#include<iterator>
#include<list>
#include<algorithm>  //标准算法头文件
#include<numeric>
#include<map>
#include<set>
#include<utility>
#include<fstream>
#include<string>


void test01() {
	string s1 = "abcde";
	

	string s2 = s1.substr(1, 3);
	cout << "s2= " << s2 << endl;  //输出bcd
}

//实用操作
void test02() {
	string s1 = "xujilei@123.com";
	int pos = s1.find("@");
	string s2 = s1.substr(0, pos);
	cout << "用户名为：" << s2 << endl;
}


int main(int argc,char**argv) {
		
	
	//test01();
	test02();

	system("pause");
	return  0;
}