一、实验要求
- 在图像处理软件中自行生成多个BMP文件,至少含5个不同画面,带有班级、学号、姓名的logo。
- 基本要求为24bit的BMP文件(32bit 16bit 8bit)
- 编写将生成的多个BMP文件转化为YUV文件,要求可在命令行中设置每个画面出现的帧数。最后形成的BMP文件应至少包含200帧
- 调试程序播放生成的YUV文件
二、基本思路
24bit的BMP文件结构简单,数据BGRBGR…依次排列,利用结构体获得图像宽高进而读取数据存放于缓冲区,利用已有的rgb2yuv.cpp函数文件可以直接转换为yuv的数据格式,写入yuv文件。在此原理上使用循环读取数个BMP文件,循环写入yuv文件,即可实现。
1、结构体的运用
BMP图像文件的格式:
-共四个部分,且24bit真彩图像无调色板,所以主要使用结构体读取位图文件头BITMAPFILEHEADER和位图信息头BITMAOINFOHEADER,从中提取图像的宽高赋给定义的long型数据frameWidth、frameHeight,以共读取实际位图数据。
-使用包含各类库函数的头文件,因此不需要再将结构体声明。
#include<windows.h>
BITMAPFILEHEADER File_header;
BITMAPINFOHEADER Info_header;
//读位图文件头和信息头//
if(fread(&File_header,sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER),1,bmpFile)!=1)
{
printf("read file header error!\n");
exit(0);
}
if(File_header.bfType!=0x4D42)
{
printf("Not bmp file!\n");
exit(0);
}
else
{
printf("This is a bmp file!\n");
}
if(fread(&Info_header,sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER),1,bmpFile)!=1)
{
printf("read info header error!\n");
exit(0);
}
-提取图像的宽高赋给定义的long型数据frameWidth、frameHeight
//定义//
long frameWidth;
long frameHeight;
//赋值//
frameWidth = Info_header.biWidth;
frameHeight = Info_header.biHeight;
2、倒序读写
为了使输出的yuv文件播放起来是正向的,需要倒序读写,通过定义flip来实现。
int flip = 0;
//转换//
if(RGB2YUV (frameWidth, frameHeight, bmpBuf, yBuf, uBuf, vBuf, flip))
{
printf("error");
exit(0);
}
3、缓冲区分配
定义指针,并根据图像的宽高,给bmp和yuv分配分配相应大小的缓冲区。
char* bmpFileName = NULL;
char* yuvFileName = NULL;
FILE* bmpFile = NULL;
FILE* yuvFile = NULL;
unsigned char* bmpBuf = NULL;
unsigned char* yBuf = NULL;
unsigned char* uBuf = NULL;
unsigned char* vBuf = NULL;
bmpBuf = (unsigned char*)malloc(frameWidth * frameHeight * 4);
yBuf = (unsigned char*)malloc(frameWidth * frameHeight);
uBuf = (unsigned char*)malloc((frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4);
vBuf = (unsigned char*)malloc((frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4);
if (bmpBuf == NULL || yBuf == NULL || uBuf == NULL || vBuf == NULL)
{
printf("no enought memory\n");
exit(1);
}
if(fread(bmpBuf, 1, frameWidth * frameHeight * 4, bmpFile)==NULL)
{
printf("read data error!\n");
exit(1);
}
4、函数调用
使用RGB到YUV的转换函数实现:
-rgb2yuv.cpp
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "bmp2yuv.h"
static float RGBYUV02990[256], RGBYUV05870[256], RGBYUV01140[256];
static float RGBYUV01684[256], RGBYUV03316[256];
static float RGBYUV04187[256], RGBYUV00813[256];
int RGB2YUV (int x_dim, int y_dim, void *bmp, void *y_out, void *u_out, void *v_out, int flip)
{
static int init_done = 0;
long i, j, size;
unsigned char *r, *g, *b;
unsigned char *y, *u, *v;
unsigned char *pu1, *pu2, *pv1, *pv2, *psu, *psv;
unsigned char *y_buffer, *u_buffer, *v_buffer;
unsigned char *sub_u_buf, *sub_v_buf;
if (init_done == 0)
{
InitLookupTable();
init_done = 1;
}
// check to see if x_dim and y_dim are divisible by 2
if ((x_dim % 2) || (y_dim % 2)) return 1;
size = x_dim * y_dim;
// allocate memory
y_buffer = (unsigned char *)y_out;
sub_u_buf = (unsigned char *)u_out;
sub_v_buf = (unsigned char *)v_out;
u_buffer = (unsigned char *)malloc(size * sizeof(unsigned char));
v_buffer = (unsigned char *)malloc(size * sizeof(unsigned char));
if (!(u_buffer && v_buffer))
{
if (u_buffer) free(u_buffer);
if (v_buffer) free(v_buffer);
return 2;
}
b = (unsigned char *)bmp;
y = y_buffer;
u = u_buffer;
v = v_buffer;
// convert RGB to YUV
if (!flip) {
for (j = 0; j < y_dim; j ++)
{
y = y_buffer + (y_dim - j - 1) * x_dim;
u = u_buffer + (y_dim - j - 1) * x_dim;
v = v_buffer + (y_dim - j - 1) * x_dim;
for (i = 0; i < x_dim; i ++) {
g = b + 1;
r = b + 2;
*y = (unsigned char)( RGBYUV02990[*r] + RGBYUV05870[*g] + RGBYUV01140[*b]);
*u = (unsigned char)(- RGBYUV01684[*r] - RGBYUV03316[*g] + (*b)/2 + 128);
*v = (unsigned char)( (*r)/2 - RGBYUV04187[*g] - RGBYUV00813[*b] + 128);
b += 3;
y ++;
u ++;
v ++;
}
}
} else {
for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
g = b + 1;
r = b + 2;
*y = (unsigned char)( RGBYUV02990[*r] + RGBYUV05870[*g] + RGBYUV01140[*b]);
*u = (unsigned char)(- RGBYUV01684[*r] - RGBYUV03316[*g] + (*b)/2 + 128);
*v = (unsigned char)( (*r)/2 - RGBYUV04187[*g] - RGBYUV00813[*b] + 128);
b += 3;
y ++;
u ++;
v ++;
}
}
// subsample UV
for (j = 0; j < y_dim/2; j ++)
{
psu = sub_u_buf + j * x_dim / 2;
psv = sub_v_buf + j * x_dim / 2;
pu1 = u_buffer + 2 * j * x_dim;
pu2 = u_buffer + (2 * j + 1) * x_dim;
pv1 = v_buffer + 2 * j * x_dim;
pv2 = v_buffer + (2 * j + 1) * x_dim;
for (i = 0; i < x_dim/2; i ++)
{
*psu = (*pu1 + *(pu1+1) + *pu2 + *(pu2+1)) / 4;
*psv = (*pv1 + *(pv1+1) + *pv2 + *(pv2+1)) / 4;
psu ++;
psv ++;
pu1 += 2;
pu2 += 2;
pv1 += 2;
pv2 += 2;
}
}
free(u_buffer);
free(v_buffer);
return 0;
}
void InitLookupTable()
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV02990[i] = (float)0.2990 * i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV05870[i] = (float)0.5870 * i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV01140[i] = (float)0.1140 * i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV01684[i] = (float)0.1684 * i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV03316[i] = (float)0.3316 * i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV04187[i] = (float)0.4187 * i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV00813[i] = (float)0.0813 * i;
}
5、循环与命令参数
命令参数设置为YUV文件名 读入文件个数 读入BMP文件名依次排序:
设置6张BMP文件,每次读入的文件都读取宽高和数据后转换成YUV并循环播放50帧,即写入50次YUV,将该操作循环进行即可不断读取新的BMP文件。
-循环读入BMP文件(命令参数的第3个~第3+number-1个)
int bmp_i;
bmp_i = atoi(argv[2]);
for(int j=3;j<=bmp_i+2;j++)
{
bmpFileName = argv[j];
//打开BMP文件//
bmpFile = fopen(bmpFileName, "rb");
if (bmpFile == NULL)
{
printf("cannot find bmp file\n");
exit(1);
}
else
{
printf("The input bmp file is %s\n", bmpFileName);
}
//读位图文件头和信息头//
//开辟缓冲区//
//写入YUV文件//
free(bmpBuf);
free(yBuf);
free(uBuf);
free(vBuf);
fclose(bmpFile);
}
fclose(yuvFile);
-读入多个bmp输出一个yuv文件,所以YUV文件指针打开和关闭文件在读取BMP的循环之外,每个bmp文件打开、读取数据、写入和内存释放循环之内。
-每张BMP获得的数据都重复写入50次
for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++)
{
fwrite(yBuf, 1, frameWidth * frameHeight, yuvFile);
fwrite(uBuf, 1, (frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4, yuvFile);
fwrite(vBuf, 1, (frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4, yuvFile);
}
6、主函数与头文件
-头文件bmp2yuv.h
int RGB2YUV (int x_dim, int y_dim, void *bmp, void *y_out, void *u_out, void *v_out, int flip);
void InitLookupTable();
三、实验结果
6张图片都打开成功
YUV播放器查看,正向、每个画面播放50帧: