BMP序列转YUV文件

BMP文件格式：
典型的 BMP 图像文件由四部分组成：
（1）位图头文件数据结构，它包含 BMP 图像文件的类型、显示内容等信息；
（2）位图信息数据结构，它包含有 BMP 图像的宽、高、压缩方法，以及定义颜色等信
息；
（3）调色板，这个部分是可选的，有些位图需要调色板，有些位图，比如真彩色图（24
位的 BMP）就不需要调色板；
（4）位图数据，这部分的内容根据 BMP 位图使用的位数不同而不同，在 24 位图中直接
使用 RGB，而其他的小于 24 位的使用调色板中颜色索引值。

（1）位图文件头：
typedef struct tagBITMAPFILEHEADER {
WORD bfType; /* 说明文件的类型 /
DWORD bfSize; / 说明文件的大小，用字节为单位 /
WORD bfReserved1; / 保留，设置为 0 /
WORD bfReserved2; / 保留，设置为 0 /
DWORD bfOffBits; / 说明从 BITMAPFILEHEADER 结构开始到实际的图像数
据之间的字节偏移量 /
} BITMAPFILEHEADER;
(2) 位图信息头：
typedef struct tagBITMAPINFOHEADER {
DWORD biSize; / 说明结构体所需字节数 /
LONG biWidth; / 以像素为单位说明图像的宽度 /
LONG biHeight; / 以像素为单位说明图像的高速 /
WORD biPlanes; / 说明位面数，必须为 1 /
WORD biBitCount; / 说明位数/像素，1、2、4、8、24 /
DWORD biCompression; / 说明图像是否压缩及压缩类型 BI_RGB，BI_RLE8，BI_RLE4，
BI_BITFIELDS /
DWORD biSizeImage; / 以字节为单位说明图像大小，必须是 4 的整数倍*/
LONG biXPelsPerMeter; /*目标设备的水平分辨率，像素/米 */
LONG biYPelsPerMeter; /*目标设备的垂直分辨率，像素/米 /
DWORD biClrUsed; / 说明图像实际用到的颜色数，如果为 0，则颜色数为 2 的 biBitCount
次方 */
DWORD biClrImportant; /说明对图像显示有重要影响的颜色索引的数目，如果是 0，表
示都重要。/
} BITMAPINFOHEADER;
（3）调色板：
本实验的BMP文件为24位的真彩色图，不需要调色板。
（4）位图数据：
R、G、B所在位置，直接把此段数据当做普通RGB文件进行处理即可。
使用windows.h中的BITMAPFILEHEADER 和BITMAPINFOHEADER 即可直接读出位图文件头和位图信息头，并使用其.biWidth和.biHeight直接读出图像的宽和高，并对剩余数据进行普通的RGBtoYUV转换，分别对多个BMP文件进行以上操作并将得到的数据放入同一YUV文件中即可获得YUV视频，通过循环写入的次数控制每幅图的帧长。

用到的文件：

rgb2yuv.cpp

#include "stdlib.h"
#include "rgb2yuv.h"
#include <stdio.h>
static float RGBYUV02990[256], RGBYUV05870[256], RGBYUV01140[256];
static float RGBYUV01684[256], RGBYUV03316[256];
static float RGBYUV04187[256], RGBYUV00813[256];


/************************************************************************
 *
 *  int RGB2YUV (int x_dim, int y_dim, void *bmp, YUV *yuv)
 *
 *	Purpose :	It takes a 24-bit RGB bitmap and convert it into
 *				YUV (4:2:0) format
 *
 *  Input :		x_dim	the x dimension of the bitmap
 *				y_dim	the y dimension of the bitmap
 *				bmp		pointer to the buffer of the bitmap
 *				yuv		pointer to the YUV structure
 *
 *  Output :	0		OK
 *				1		wrong dimension
 *				2		memory allocation error
 *
 *	Side Effect :
 *				None
 *
 *	Date :		09/28/2000
 *
 *  Contacts:
 *
 *  Adam Li
 *
 *  DivX Advance Research Center <darc@projectmayo.com>
 *
 ************************************************************************/

int RGB2YUV(int x_dim, int y_dim, void* bmp, void* y_out, void* u_out, void* v_out, int flip)
{
	static int init_done = 0;

	long i, j, size;
	unsigned char* r, * g, * b;
	unsigned char* y, * u, * v;
	unsigned char* pu1, * pu2, * pv1, * pv2, * psu, * psv;
	unsigned char* y_buffer, * u_buffer, * v_buffer;
	unsigned char* sub_u_buf, * sub_v_buf;

	if (init_done == 0)
	{
		InitLookupTable();
		init_done = 1;
	}

	// check to see if x_dim and y_dim are divisible by 2
	if ((x_dim % 2) || (y_dim % 2)) return 1;
	size = x_dim * y_dim;

	// allocate memory
	y_buffer = (unsigned char*)y_out;
	sub_u_buf = (unsigned char*)u_out;
	sub_v_buf = (unsigned char*)v_out;
	u_buffer = (unsigned char*)malloc(size * sizeof(unsigned char));
	v_buffer = (unsigned char*)malloc(size * sizeof(unsigned char));
	if (!(u_buffer && v_buffer))
	{
		if (u_buffer) free(u_buffer);
		if (v_buffer) free(v_buffer);
		return 2;
	}

	b = (unsigned char*)bmp;
	y = y_buffer;
	u = u_buffer;
	v = v_buffer;

	// convert RGB to YUV
	if (!flip) {
		for (j = 0; j < y_dim; j++)
		{
			y = y_buffer + (y_dim - j - 1) * x_dim;
			u = u_buffer + (y_dim - j - 1) * x_dim;
			v = v_buffer + (y_dim - j - 1) * x_dim;

			for (i = 0; i < x_dim; i++) {
				g = b + 1;
				r = b + 2;
				*y = (unsigned char)(RGBYUV02990[*r] + RGBYUV05870[*g] + RGBYUV01140[*b]);
				*u = (unsigned char)(-RGBYUV01684[*r] - RGBYUV03316[*g] + (*b) / 2 + 128);
				*v = (unsigned char)((*r) / 2 - RGBYUV04187[*g] - RGBYUV00813[*b] + 128);
				b += 3;
				y++;
				u++;
				v++;
			}
		}
	}
	else {
		for (j = 0; j < y_dim; j++)
		{
			for (i = 0; i < x_dim; i++)
			{
				g = b + 1;
				r = b + 2;
				*y = (unsigned char)(RGBYUV02990[*r] + RGBYUV05870[*g] + RGBYUV01140[*b]);
				*u = (unsigned char)(-RGBYUV01684[*r] - RGBYUV03316[*g] + (*b) / 2 + 128);
				*v = (unsigned char)((*r) / 2 - RGBYUV04187[*g] - RGBYUV00813[*b] + 128);
				b += 3;
				y++;
				u++;
				v++;
			}
		}
	}

	// subsample UV
	for (j = 0; j < y_dim / 2; j++)
	{
		psu = sub_u_buf + j * x_dim / 2;
		psv = sub_v_buf + j * x_dim / 2;
		pu1 = u_buffer + 2 * j * x_dim;
		pu2 = u_buffer + (2 * j + 1) * x_dim;
		pv1 = v_buffer + 2 * j * x_dim;
		pv2 = v_buffer + (2 * j + 1) * x_dim;
		for (i = 0; i < x_dim / 2; i++)
		{
			*psu = (*pu1 + *(pu1 + 1) + *pu2 + *(pu2 + 1)) / 4;
			*psv = (*pv1 + *(pv1 + 1) + *pv2 + *(pv2 + 1)) / 4;
			psu++;
			psv++;
			pu1 += 2;
			pu2 += 2;
			pv1 += 2;
			pv2 += 2;
		}
	}

	free(u_buffer);
	free(v_buffer);

	return 0;
}


void InitLookupTable()
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV02990[i] = (float)0.2990 * i;
	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV05870[i] = (float)0.5870 * i;
	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV01140[i] = (float)0.1140 * i;
	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV01684[i] = (float)0.1684 * i;
	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV03316[i] = (float)0.3316 * i;
	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV04187[i] = (float)0.4187 * i;
	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV00813[i] = (float)0.0813 * i;
}

rgb2yuv.h

int RGB2YUV (int x_dim, int y_dim, void *bmp, void *y_out, void *u_out, void *v_out, int flip);

void InitLookupTable();


#pragma once

编写的主程序：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include "rgb2yuv.h"
BITMAPFILEHEADER File_header;
BITMAPINFOHEADER Info_header;
//#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_EDPRECATE
//#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#pragma warning(disable:4996)
#define u_int8_t	unsigned __int8
#define u_int		unsigned __int32
#define u_int32_t	unsigned __int32
#define FALSE		false
#define TRUE		true

/*
 * rgb2yuv
 * required arg1 should be the input RAW RGB24 file
 * required arg2 should be the output RAW YUV12 file
 */
int main()
{
	/* variables controlable from command line */
	u_int frameWidth;			/* --width=<uint> */
	u_int frameHeight;		/* --height=<uint> */
	bool flip = FALSE;				/* --flip */
	unsigned int i;
	void Write(const char* bmpflie, const char* yuvfile, u_int8_t* rgbBuf, u_int8_t * yBuf, u_int8_t * uBuf, u_int8_t * vBuf , u_int frameWidth, u_int frameHeight);
	/* internal variables */
	const char* bmpFileName = NULL;
	const char* yuvFileName = NULL;
	FILE* bmpFile = NULL;
	FILE* yuvFile = NULL;
	u_int8_t* rgbBuf = NULL;
	u_int8_t* yBuf = NULL;
	u_int8_t* uBuf = NULL;
	u_int8_t* vBuf = NULL;
	u_int32_t videoFramesWritten = 0;

	/* begin process command line */
	/* point to the specified file names */
	bmpFileName = "1.bmp";
	yuvFileName = "yuv_out.yuv";

	/* open the RGB file */
	bmpFile = fopen(bmpFileName, "rb");
	if (bmpFile == NULL)
	{
		printf("cannot find bmp file\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	if (fread(&File_header, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER), 1, bmpFile) != 1)
	{
		printf("read file header error!");
		exit(0);
	}
	if (File_header.bfType != 0x4D42)
	{
		printf("Not bmp file!");
		exit(0);
	}
	if (fread(&Info_header, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER), 1, bmpFile) != 1)
	{
		printf("read info header error!");
		exit(0);
	}
	printf("The input bmp file is %s\n", bmpFileName);
	frameWidth = Info_header.biWidth;
	frameHeight = Info_header.biHeight;
	printf("width: %d , height: %d\n ", frameWidth, frameHeight);
	/* open the RAW file */
	
	yuvFile = fopen(yuvFileName, "wb");
	if (yuvFile == NULL)
	{
		printf("cannot find yuv file\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	else
	{
		printf("The output yuv file is %s\n", yuvFileName);
	}

	/* get an input buffer for a frame */
	rgbBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc(frameWidth * frameHeight * 3);

	/* get the output buffers for a frame */
	yBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc(frameWidth * frameHeight);
	uBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc((frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4);
	vBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc((frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4);

	if (rgbBuf == NULL || yBuf == NULL || uBuf == NULL || vBuf == NULL)
	{
		printf("no enought memory\n");
		exit(1);
	}

	while (fread(rgbBuf, 1, frameWidth * frameHeight * 3, bmpFile))
	{
		if (RGB2YUV(frameWidth, frameHeight, rgbBuf, yBuf, uBuf, vBuf, flip))
		{
			printf("error");
			return 0;
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++)//此处可修改每幅图持续的帧长
		{
			fwrite(yBuf, 1, frameWidth * frameHeight, yuvFile);
			fwrite(uBuf, 1, (frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4, yuvFile);
			fwrite(vBuf, 1, (frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4, yuvFile);
		}
	}
	/* cleanup */
	free(rgbBuf);
	free(yBuf);
	free(uBuf);
	free(vBuf);
	fclose(bmpFile);
	fclose(yuvFile);
	Write("2.bmp", "yuv_out.yuv", rgbBuf, yBuf, uBuf, vBuf, frameWidth, frameHeight);
	Write("3.bmp", "yuv_out.yuv", rgbBuf, yBuf, uBuf, vBuf, frameWidth, frameHeight);
	Write("4.bmp", "yuv_out.yuv", rgbBuf, yBuf, uBuf, vBuf, frameWidth, frameHeight);
	Write("5.bmp", "yuv_out.yuv", rgbBuf, yBuf, uBuf, vBuf, frameWidth, frameHeight);
	Write("6.bmp", "yuv_out.yuv", rgbBuf, yBuf, uBuf, vBuf, frameWidth, frameHeight);
	Write("7.bmp", "yuv_out.yuv", rgbBuf, yBuf, uBuf, vBuf, frameWidth, frameHeight);
	Write("8.bmp", "yuv_out.yuv", rgbBuf, yBuf, uBuf, vBuf, frameWidth, frameHeight);

	return(0);
}
void Write(const char* bmpFileName,const char* yuvFileName, u_int8_t* rgbBuf, u_int8_t* yBuf, u_int8_t* uBuf, u_int8_t* vBuf,u_int frameWidth,u_int frameHeight)
{

	FILE* bmpFile = fopen(bmpFileName, "rb");
	if (bmpFile == NULL)
	{
		printf("cannot find bmp file\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	if (fread(&File_header, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER), 1, bmpFile) != 1)
	{
		printf("read file header error!");
		exit(0);
	}
	if (File_header.bfType != 0x4D42)
	{
		printf("Not bmp file!");
		exit(0);
	}
	if (fread(&Info_header, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER), 1, bmpFile) != 1)
	{
		printf("read info header error!");
		exit(0);
	}
	printf("The input bmp file is %s\n", bmpFileName);
	FILE* yuvFile = fopen(yuvFileName, "ab");
	if (yuvFile == NULL)
	{
		printf("cannot find yuv file\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	else
	{
		printf("The output yuv file is %s\n", yuvFileName);
	}
	bool flip = FALSE;
	/* get an input buffer for a frame */
	rgbBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc(frameWidth * frameHeight * 3);

	/* get the output buffers for a frame */
	yBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc(frameWidth * frameHeight);
	uBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc((frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4);
	vBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc((frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4);

	if (rgbBuf == NULL || yBuf == NULL || uBuf == NULL || vBuf == NULL)
	{
		printf("no enought memory\n");
		exit(1);
	}

	while (fread(rgbBuf, 1, frameWidth * frameHeight * 3, bmpFile))
	{
		if (RGB2YUV(frameWidth, frameHeight, rgbBuf, yBuf, uBuf, vBuf, flip))
		{
			printf("error");
			exit(0);
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++)
		{
			fwrite(yBuf, 1, frameWidth * frameHeight, yuvFile);
			fwrite(uBuf, 1, (frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4, yuvFile);
			fwrite(vBuf, 1, (frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4, yuvFile);
		}
	}
		/* cleanup */
	free(rgbBuf);
	free(yBuf);
	free(uBuf);
	free(vBuf);
	fclose(bmpFile);
	fclose(yuvFile);
}![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210325204156525.bmp?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzMzk5MjI0,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)

样例图片：

等共八张图片。

运行结果：

得到的yuv文件：

共240帧，图像出现顺序为读取图片顺序。