泛型的概念

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-27 23:30:54 发布

StickJuvenile

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-27 23:30:54 发布

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文章标签： java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_55895362/article/details/127827333

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一、什么是泛型？

参数化类型
为什么要引入泛型？

1.将不同类型的数据添加到Arraylist中，取出数据要使用时，要进行强制转换（还原-向下转型）。
2.同时在编写程序时，不会报错(无类型安全监测机制)。而结果出错ClassCastException。

泛型

编译时安全监测机制
减少了强制转换操作

1.background

package com.jiang.obj3;

import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.util.ArrayList;

public class background {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ArrayList arrayList=new ArrayList();
        arrayList.add("java");
        arrayList.add(100);
        arrayList.add(true);
        //1.
        //for (Object o : arrayList) {
        //    存进去，就得取出来用，用的话就得还原本来的类型
        //    String str= (String) o;
        //    java.lang.Integer cannot be cast to java.lang.String
        //    编写时不报错，但是结果报错，很危险----泛型提供编译时类型安全监测机制
        //    System.out.println(str);
        //}

        ArrayList<String> strlist =new ArrayList<>();
        //strlist.add(100); 报错
        //编译期间检查
        //减少强制类型转换
        strlist.add("a");
        strlist.add("b");

        for (String s : strlist) {
            System.out.println(s);
        }
    }


}

1.1结果

"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\bin\java.exe" "-javaagent:D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.3\lib\idea_rt.jar=63433:D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.3\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\IDEA_Project\XML\target\classes;C:\Users\JR2002\.m2\repository\org\dom4j\dom4j\2.1.3\dom4j-2.1.3.jar;C:\Users\JR2002\.m2\repository\jaxen\jaxen\1.2.0\jaxen-1.2.0.jar" com.jiang.obj3.background
a
b

Process finished with exit code 0

2.泛型案例ProductGetter

package com.jiang.obj3;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Random;

public class ProductGetter<T> {
    Random random=new Random();

    private T product;

    ArrayList<T> list =new ArrayList<>();

    public  void addProduct(T t) {
        list.add(t);
    }

    //折不是泛型方法
    //采用类的泛型不能用static，因为数据类型没有被确定
    public T getProduct(){
        product = list.get(random.nextInt(list.size()));
        return product;
    }
    //泛型方法如下；
    //右边泛型标识和也应当一样，毕竟返回值是E
    public   <E> E getProduct(ArrayList<E> list){
        return list.get(random.nextInt(list.size()));

    }

    //静态的泛型方法
    public static <T,E,V> void  printtype(T t,E e,V v){
        System.out.println(t+":"+t.getClass().getSimpleName());
        System.out.println(e+":"+e.getClass().getSimpleName());
        System.out.println(v+":"+v.getClass().getSimpleName());
    }

    //可变参数的泛型方法
    public static <E> void print(E...e){
        for (E e1 : e) {
            System.out.println(e1);
        }
    }
 }

2.1测试

  @Test
    public void TestProductGetter(){
        ProductGetter<String> productGetter=new ProductGetter<>();
        String[] product={"苹果手机","华为手机","笔记本","平板"};
        for (String s : product) {
            productGetter.addProduct(s);
        }

        System.out.println("您抽到的奖品为："+productGetter.getProduct());
        System.out.println("----------------------------------------");

        ProductGetter<Integer> productGetter2=new ProductGetter<>();
        int[] product2={1000,2000,50,10000};
        for (int i : product2) {
            productGetter2.addProduct(i);
        }

        System.out.println("你抽到的奖金为："+productGetter2.getProduct());
    }

2.2结果

"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\bin\java.exe" -ea -Didea.test.cyclic.buffer.size=1048576 "-javaagent:D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.3\lib\idea_rt.jar=62931:D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.3\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.3\lib\idea_rt.jar;D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.3\plugins\junit\lib\junit5-rt.jar;D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.3\plugins\junit\lib\junit-rt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\IDEA_Project\XML\target\test-classes;D:\IDEA_Project\XML\target\classes;C:\Users\JR2002\.m2\repository\org\dom4j\dom4j\2.1.3\dom4j-2.1.3.jar;C:\Users\JR2002\.m2\repository\junit\junit\4.12\junit-4.12.jar;C:\Users\JR2002\.m2\repository\org\hamcrest\hamcrest-core\1.3\hamcrest-core-1.3.jar;C:\Users\JR2002\.m2\repository\jaxen\jaxen\1.2.0\jaxen-1.2.0.jar" com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter -ideVersion5 -junit4 com.jiang.obj.Testobj,TestProductGetter
您抽到的奖品为：平板
----------------------------------------
你抽到的奖金为：1000

Process finished with exit code 0

二、泛型类、接口

常用泛型标识： T、E、K、V

泛型类

在这里插入图片描述

3.泛型类Generic02

package com.jiang.obj3;

public class Generic02<T> {
    private T key;

    public Generic02(T key) {
        this.key = key;
    }

    public T getKey() {
        return key;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Generic02{" +
                "key=" + key +
                '}';
    }

    public void setKey(T key) {
        this.key = key;
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

3.1 测试

Generic02<String> generic02 = new Generic02< >("a");后面的String可以省略；
Generic02 generic021 = new Generic02(100);未指定对应的类型的时候，将按照object类型来处理
~~Generic02 generic022=new Generic02(100);~~ 不支持基本数据类型底层是object转化成（object继承）相应的对象，而int 无
统一泛型，创建不同数据类型的创建的对象是同一类型

   @Test
    public void TestGeneric() {
        Generic02<String> generic02 = new Generic02<String>("a");
        //后部分的string可以省略
        System.out.println(generic02.getKey());

        Generic02 generic021 = new Generic02(100);
        //未指定对应的类型的时候，将按照object类型来处理
        System.out.println(generic021.getKey());

        //Generic02<int> generic022=new Generic02<int>(100);
        //不支持基本数据类型  底层是object转化成（object继承）相应的对象，而int 无


        //统一泛型，创建不同数据类型的创建的对象是同一类型
        System.out.println(generic02.getClass());
        System.out.println(generic021.getClass());
        System.out.println(generic02.getClass() == generic021.getClass());
    }

3.2结果

"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\bin\java.exe" -ea -Didea.test.cyclic.buffer.size=1048576 "-javaagent:D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.3\lib\idea_rt.jar=62583:D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.3\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.3\lib\idea_rt.jar;D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.3\plugins\junit\lib\junit5-rt.jar;D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.3\plugins\junit\lib\junit-rt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\IDEA_Project\XML\target\test-classes;D:\IDEA_Project\XML\target\classes;C:\Users\JR2002\.m2\repository\org\dom4j\dom4j\2.1.3\dom4j-2.1.3.jar;C:\Users\JR2002\.m2\repository\junit\junit\4.12\junit-4.12.jar;C:\Users\JR2002\.m2\repository\org\hamcrest\hamcrest-core\1.3\hamcrest-core-1.3.jar;C:\Users\JR2002\.m2\repository\jaxen\jaxen\1.2.0\jaxen-1.2.0.jar" com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter -ideVersion5 -junit4 com.jiang.obj.Testobj,TestGeneric
a
100
class com.jiang.obj3.Generic02
class com.jiang.obj3.Generic02
true

Process finished with exit code 0

泛型的继承

在这里插入图片描述

父类Parent

package com.jiang.obj3;

public class Parent<T> {
    private  T key;

    public T getKey() {
        return key;
    }

    public void setKey(T key) {
        this.key = key;
    }
}

4.1子类是泛型 firstson

泛型子类标识符得一致

package com.jiang.obj3;


//泛型子类继承泛型父类
//泛型标识必须一致
public class firstson<T> extends Parent<T>  {
    @Override
    public void setKey(T key) {
        super.setKey(key);
    }
}

4.2子类不是泛型 secondson

子类不是泛型，父类泛型必须明确类型

package com.jiang.obj3;


//子类不是泛型，父类得明确类型
public class secondson extends Parent<String>{
    @Override
    public void setKey(String key) {
        super.setKey(key);
    }
}

4.3测试

  @Test
    public void TestParent_firstson_secondson(){
        firstson<String> firstso=new firstson<>();
        firstso.setKey("first");
        System.out.println(firstso.getKey());
        System.out.println("----------------------");

        secondson  secondson=new secondson();
        secondson.setKey("second");
        System.out.println(secondson.getKey());
    }

4.4结果

"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\bin\java.exe" -ea -Didea.test.cyclic.buffer.size=1048576 "-javaagent:D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.3\lib\idea_rt.jar=62841:D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.3\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.3\lib\idea_rt.jar;D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.3\plugins\junit\lib\junit5-rt.jar;D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.3\plugins\junit\lib\junit-rt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\IDEA_Project\XML\target\test-classes;D:\IDEA_Project\XML\target\classes;C:\Users\JR2002\.m2\repository\org\dom4j\dom4j\2.1.3\dom4j-2.1.3.jar;C:\Users\JR2002\.m2\repository\junit\junit\4.12\junit-4.12.jar;C:\Users\JR2002\.m2\repository\org\hamcrest\hamcrest-core\1.3\hamcrest-core-1.3.jar;C:\Users\JR2002\.m2\repository\jaxen\jaxen\1.2.0\jaxen-1.2.0.jar" com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter -ideVersion5 -junit4 com.jiang.obj.Testobj,TestParent_firstson_secondson
first
----------------------
second

Process finished with exit code 0

泛型接口

在这里插入图片描述

5.接口 _interface

package com.jiang.obj3;

public interface  _interface<T> {
    T getkey();
}

在这里插入图片描述

5.1实现类不是泛型 firstinterface

接口明确类型

package com.jiang.obj3;

public class firstinterface implements _interface<String>{

    private String key;

    @Override
    public String getkey() {
        return key;
    }

    public void setKey(String key) {
        this.key = key;
    }
}

5.2实现类是泛型 secondinterface

实现类的必须有一个泛型标识和泛型接口一致

package com.jiang.obj3;

//必须有一个泛型标识符相同
public class secondinterface<T,E> implements _interface<T>{
    private T key;
    private E value;

    @Override
    public T getkey() {
        return key;
    }

    public E getValue(){
        return value;
    }

    public void setKey(T key) {
        this.key = key;
    }

    public void setValue(E value) {
        this.value = value;
    }
}

5.3测试

 @Test
    public void TestInterface(){
        firstinterface firstinterface=new firstinterface();
        firstinterface.setKey("first");
        System.out.println(firstinterface.getkey());
        System.out.println("---------------------");

        secondinterface<String,Integer> secondinterface=new secondinterface<>();
        secondinterface.setKey("second");
        secondinterface.setValue(2);

        System.out.println(secondinterface.getkey() + ":" + secondinterface.getValue());
    }

5.4结果

"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\bin\java.exe" -ea -Didea.test.cyclic.buffer.size=1048576 "-javaagent:D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.3\lib\idea_rt.jar=62859:D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.3\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.3\lib\idea_rt.jar;D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.3\plugins\junit\lib\junit5-rt.jar;D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.3\plugins\junit\lib\junit-rt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\IDEA_Project\XML\target\test-classes;D:\IDEA_Project\XML\target\classes;C:\Users\JR2002\.m2\repository\org\dom4j\dom4j\2.1.3\dom4j-2.1.3.jar;C:\Users\JR2002\.m2\repository\junit\junit\4.12\junit-4.12.jar;C:\Users\JR2002\.m2\repository\org\hamcrest\hamcrest-core\1.3\hamcrest-core-1.3.jar;C:\Users\JR2002\.m2\repository\jaxen\jaxen\1.2.0\jaxen-1.2.0.jar" com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter -ideVersion5 -junit4 com.jiang.obj.Testobj,TestInterface
first
---------------------
second:2

Process finished with exit code 0

泛型方法

在这里插入图片描述
泛型成员方法不是泛型方法

泛型成员方法

  //这不是泛型方法
    //采用类的泛型不能用static，因为数据类型没有被确定
    public  T getProduct(){
        product = list.get(random.nextInt(list.size()));
        return product;
    }

6.泛型方法

  //泛型方法如下；
    //右边泛型标识和也应当一样，毕竟返回值是E
    public   <E> E getProduct(ArrayList<E> list){
        return list.get(random.nextInt(list.size()));

    }

多个泛型参数的泛型方法
成员方法为什么不能static？
假如能调用static成员方法，

类名.static成员方法。X 因为成员方法的类型未被指定，而指定的话是需要靠所在类先指定的。
类型.static方法。此时同样是未被指定，但是它能够自己指定。

（因为泛型类需要在创建对象时指定类型，而静态方法是通过类名直接调用的，此时成员方法类型未被指定，会报错。）


    //静态的泛型方法
    public static <T,E,V> void  printtype(T t,E e,V v){
        System.out.println(t+":"+t.getClass().getSimpleName());
        System.out.println(e+":"+e.getClass().getSimpleName());
        System.out.println(v+":"+v.getClass().getSimpleName());
    }

可变参数的泛型方法

    //可变参数的泛型方法
    public static <E> void print(E...e){
        for (E e1 : e) {
            System.out.println(e1);
        }
    }

整体

package com.jiang.obj3;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Random;

public class ProductGetter<T> {
    Random random=new Random();

    private T product;

    ArrayList<T> list =new ArrayList<>();

    public  void addProduct(T t) {
        list.add(t);
    }

    //这不是泛型方法
    //采用类的泛型不能用static，因为数据类型没有被确定
    public  T getProduct(){
        product = list.get(random.nextInt(list.size()));
        return product;
    }
    //泛型方法如下；
    //右边泛型标识和也应当一样，毕竟返回值是E
    public   <E> E getProduct(ArrayList<E> list){
        return list.get(random.nextInt(list.size()));

    }

    //静态的泛型方法
    public static <T,E,V> void  printtype(T t,E e,V v){
        System.out.println(t+":"+t.getClass().getSimpleName());
        System.out.println(e+":"+e.getClass().getSimpleName());
        System.out.println(v+":"+v.getClass().getSimpleName());
    }

    //可变参数的泛型方法
    public static <E> void print(E...e){
        for (E e1 : e) {
            System.out.println(e1);
        }
    }
 }

6.1 测试

 @Test
    public void Testmethond(){
        ProductGetter<String> productGetter=new ProductGetter<>();
        String[] product={"苹果手机","华为手机","笔记本","平板"};
        for (String s : product) {
            productGetter.addProduct(s);
        }
        //成员方法
        System.out.println(productGetter.getProduct());
        System.out.println("--------------------------------------------");

        ArrayList<String> list=new ArrayList<>();
        list.add("苹果手机");
        list.add("华为手机");
        list.add("笔记本电脑");
        list.add("平板");
        System.out.println("您获得的奖品是："+productGetter.getProduct(list)+"("+productGetter.getProduct(list).getClass().getSimpleName()+")");


        ProductGetter.printtype(100,"java",true);
        ProductGetter.print(1,2,3,4,56);
        ProductGetter.print("A","B","C");
    }

6.2结果

"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\bin\java.exe" -ea -Didea.test.cyclic.buffer.size=1048576 "-javaagent:D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.3\lib\idea_rt.jar=63333:D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.3\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.3\lib\idea_rt.jar;D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.3\plugins\junit\lib\junit5-rt.jar;D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.3\plugins\junit\lib\junit-rt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\IDEA_Project\XML\target\test-classes;D:\IDEA_Project\XML\target\classes;C:\Users\JR2002\.m2\repository\org\dom4j\dom4j\2.1.3\dom4j-2.1.3.jar;C:\Users\JR2002\.m2\repository\junit\junit\4.12\junit-4.12.jar;C:\Users\JR2002\.m2\repository\org\hamcrest\hamcrest-core\1.3\hamcrest-core-1.3.jar;C:\Users\JR2002\.m2\repository\jaxen\jaxen\1.2.0\jaxen-1.2.0.jar" com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter -ideVersion5 -junit4 com.jiang.obj.Testobj,Testmethond
苹果手机
--------------------------------------------
您获得的奖品是：笔记本电脑(String)
100:Integer
java:String
true:Boolean
1
2
3
4
56
A
B
C

Process finished with exit code 0